Bộ 5 đề ôn tập hè Tiếng Anh 12 năm 2021 Trường THPT Phan Bội Châu

TRƯỜNG THPT PHAN BỘI CHÂU

ĐỀ ÔN TẬP HÈ NĂM HỌC 2020-2021 MÔN: TIẾNG ANH 12 (Thời gian làm bài: 45 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề)

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The American type of football was developed in the 19th century from soccer and rugby football. Played by professionals, amateurs, college and high school students, or young children, football in American is one of the most popular sports besides basketball and baseball. It attracts millions of fans each fall and people are very supportive of their favourite teams. The football playing field of today is rectangular in shape and measures 100 yards long and 53.5 yards wide. White lines are painted on the playing field to mark off the distances to the end zone. The games is divided into four quarters, each fifteen minutes long. The first two quarters are known as the first half. There is a rest period between two halves which usually last about fifteen minutes. Each team has eleven players. Each team has offensive players who play when the team has possession of the ball and defensive players who play when the other team has the possession of the ball. Because of the body contact players have during the game, helmets are worn to protect their head and face area, whereas pads are worn to protect the shoulders, arms, and legs. Also, there are officials carrying whistles and flags to make certain that the rules of the game are followed during the game. The football is made of leather and is brown in colour. It is shaped much like an oval and has white rings near each end of the football. These rings help the players see the ball when it is thrown or someone is running with it. The eight stitches on the top of the football help the players to grip the ball when throwing or passing. The most famous game of the year is Super Bowl that is played in January or February. It is televised around the world and is watched by millions of people each year.

Question 1: What do officials do during the game of football?

A. build up excitement among the fans

B. supervise the game

C. take up tickets

D. spectate the game

Question 2: As mentioned in the text, who are the most active when their team has the ball?

A. offensive players

B. defensive players

C. the officials

D. the fans

Question 3: Playing American football is the most similar to playing

A. rugby football

B. basketball

C. baseball

D. volleyball

Question 4: What do pads help the players to protect?

A. their legs and arms

B. their heads

C. the whole body

D. their faces

Question 5: When is the most famous football game held annually?

A. in the fall

B. January

C. February

D. January or February

Question 6: Why are there white rings on each end of the football?

A. to mark off the distances to the end zone

B. to help players run

C. to help players score

D. to help players see the ball

Question 7: The word "grip" in the passage means to

A. avoid something

B. take something away

C. hold something tightly

D. detect something

Question 8: Which is the most popular sport in the US?

A. Rugby football

B. Soccer

C. American football

D. It's not mentioned

Question 9: How many people watch the match every year?

A. millions

B. billions

C. a million

D. a billion

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Who talks more - men or women? Most people believe that women talk more. However, linguist Deborah Tannen, who has the studied the communication style of men and women, says that this is a stereotype. According to Tannen, women are more verbal - talk more - in private situations, where they use conversation as the “glue’ to hold relationships together. But, she says, men talk more in public situations, where they use conversation to exchange information and gain status. Tannen points out that we can see these difference even in children. Little girls often play with one ‘best friend’ and their play includes a lot of conversation. Little boys often play games in groups, their play usually involves more doing than talking. In school, girls are often better at verbal skills, while boys are often better at mathematics.

A recent study at Emory University helps to shed light on the roots of this difference. Researchers studied conversation between children aged 3-6 and their parents. They found evidence that parents talk very differently to their sons than they do to their daughters. The startling conclusion was that parents use more language with their girls. Specifically, when parents talk with their daughters, they use more descriptive language and more details. There is also far more talk about emotions, especially with daughters than with sons.

Question 1: Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. Women talk more than men on the whole

B. Women’s talking is a stereotype

C. Women talk more in private, and men talk more in public

D. Little boys and little girls have different ways of playing

Question 2: Which word is similar in meaning to the word “glue” ?

A. games

B. sticky substance

C. rope

D. means

Question 3: Which of the following phrases best explains the meaning of the word “verbal”?

A. Deriving from verbs

B. Connected with use of spoken language

C. Using very loud noise

D. Being very talkative

Question 4: The word “they” refers to___________.

A. Situations

B. Men

C. Men and women

D. Women

Question 5: Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?

A. Researchers have studied the conversations of children and their parents.

B. Parents do not talk much about sadness with their sons.

C. Study at Emory University can help to explain the differences between communication styles of boys and girls.

D. An Emory University study found than parents talk more with their daughters than with their sons.

Question 6: Which of the following statement is TRUE about the passage?

A. Parents give more love to their daughters than to their sons.

B. Boys don’t like to be with their parents as much as girls do.

C. Parents use more language to talk with their daughters.

D. Boys don’t like showing emotions.

Bài 3. Read the passage and fill the blanks.

MY HOBBY

I (1)_________ learning the guitar when I (2)_________ ten years old. My first guitar was a present from my uncle. It was very old and needed repairing, but I loved it and used to play it until my fingers hurt. On my twelfth birthday, my father (3)_________ me a new brand one, and I (4)_________ going on with private guitar lessons. My teacher teaches classical guitar, which I like, but I really want to play rock music. Sometimes I (5)_________ an electric guitar. It is very loud and my mother always (6)_________ it. Unfortunately it is not mine, it is my friend’s. My ambition (7)_________ to play in a rock band and make records; I would like to travel around the world, playing in different countries. My friend is a good singer, so we are going to form a band together. All we need to do is finding a drummer and a bass player. I (8)_________ some songs in the future. And then, we (9)_________ in my bedroom. I’m sure my mother (10)_________.

1. A. started	B. start	C. has started	D. had started
2. A. am	B. was	C. will be	D. had been
3. A. buys	B. had bought	C. bought	D. will buy
4. A. will start	B. start	C. has started	D. started
5. A. am playing	B. play	C. has played	D. had played
6. A. hates	B. hate	C. will hate	D. hated
7. A. is being	B. was	C. is	D. had been
8. A. write	B. will write	C. has written	D. had written
9. A. has practised	B. practised	C. practise	D. will practise
10. A. won’t mind	B. doesn’t mind	C. aren’t minding	D. hadn’t minded

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

1. B

2. A

3. A

4. A

5. D

6. D

7. C

8. D

9. A

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

1. C

2. B

3. B

4. B

5. D

6. C

Bài 3. Read the passage and fill the blanks.

1 - A; 2 - B; 3 - C; 4 - D; 5 - B;

6 - A; 7 - C; 8 - B; 9 - D; 10 - A;

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The increase in urbanization causes different problems. Air and water pollution are amongst the major issue we have to tackle.

In the first place, cars, factories and burning waste emit dangerous gases that change the air quality in our cities and pose threats to our health. Dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause respiratory diseases, for instant, bronchitis and asthma. Those are also proved to have long-term effects on the environment.

Furthermore, with the increased population, it becomes difficult to manage the waste generated in cities. Most of the waste is discharged or dumped into rivers or onto streets. The waste pollutes water and makes it unfit for human consumption. Subsequently, it becomes more and more difficult for city dwellers to get clean water. Some cities in Africa are unable to provide adequate water supply because most of the water is lost in pipe leakages. In fact, most city dwellers in developing countries are forced to boil their water or to buy bottled water, which is very expensive.

There are several actions that could be taken to eradicate the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be joining community efforts to address problems affecting your city. Ask your parents, friends and relatives to join in as well. These efforts might include clean-up campaigns, recycling projects and a signature campaign to ask the government to do something about the situation. A second measure would be encouraging your teacher to talk about these problems and to discuss how young people can help to solve them. Finally, writing to local organizations working on these issues for ideas on how you can contribute to solve them.

Question 1: The word tackle in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. deal with

B. make up

C. try on

D. turn down

Question 2: The word those in paragraph 2 refers to ____.

A. bronchitis and asthma

B. carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides

C. dangerous gases

D. respiratory diseases

Question 3: According to the passage, in some cities in Africa ____.

A. people are allowed to dump waste into rivers and on streets

B. people aren't provided enough water due to leaking pipes

C. people have found some solutions to the problems

D. people would rather use boiling water and bottled water

Question 4: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. City problems should be taught and be topic for students to discuss at school.

B. Children must ask for their parent's permission before joining community efforts.

C. Participators might take part in different kinds of projects and campaigns.

D. People can contribute in solving the problems by writing to local organizations working on these issues.

Question 5: Which of the following would serve as the best title for the passage?

A. Environment degradation: Air and water pollution

B. Environmental pollution: Problems and actions

C. Increasing urbanization: Causes and effects

D. Increasing urbanization: Effects and solutions

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

American folk music originated with (1)________ people at a time when the rural population was isolated and music was not (2)________ spread by radio, records, or music video. It was (3)_______ by oral traditional and is noted for its energy, humor, and emotional impact. The major source of early American folk songs was music from the British Isles, but songs from Africa as songs of the American Indians have significant part in its heritage. Later settler from other countries also contributed songs. In the nineteenth century, composer Steven Foster wrote some of the most enduringly popular of all American songs, (4)_________ soon became part of the folk tradition. Beginning in the 1930s, Woody Guthrie gained great popularity by adapting melodies and lyrics and supplying new ones as well. In the 1950s and 1960s, singer – composers such as Peter Seeger, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez continued this tradition by urban’ folk music. Many of these songs deal (5)________ important social issue, such as racial integration and the war in Vietnam.

Question 6: A. ordinary B. popular C. common D. typical

Question 7: A. even B. still C. until D. yet

Question 8: A. transferred B. transformed C. transmitted D. transited

Question 9: A. which B. this C. who D. that

Question 10: A. in B. by C. with D. at

Bài 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (1)________. Many species of animals are threatened, and could easily become (2)________ if we do not make an effort to protect them. In some cases, animals are hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies. Some birds, such as parrots, are caught (3)________and sold as pets. For many animals and birds the problem is that their habitat - the place where they live - is disappearing. More land is used for farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open spaces than there once were. Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them to grow better crops, but these chemicals pollute the environment and (4)________ wildlife. The most successful animals on earth - human beings - will soon be the only ones (5)________, unless we can solve this problem.

Question 11: A. threat B. problem C. danger D. vanishing

Question 12: A. disappeared B. vanished C. extinct D. empty

Question 13: A. for life B. alive C. lively D. for living

Question 14: A. spoil B. wound C. wrong D. harm

Question 15: A. left B. over C. staying D. survive

ĐÁP ÁN

1. A	2. C	3. B	4. B	5. D	6. A	7. D	8. C
9. A	10. C	11. C	12. C	13. B	14. D	15. A

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25 countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 100,000 in the last decade. (A)

The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2013, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.

They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.

The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable. (C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 15 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.

Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.

“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.

Question 1: The overall profit that the continent lost a year can be estimated to ____.

A. 25 million USD

B. 100,000 USD

C. 26 million USD

D. 9 million USD

Question 2: Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. To get to the conclusion, scientists compared the changes in number of tourists and number of elephants in 2009.

B. The only reason why illegal poaching is so difficult to stop is corruption.

C. Protecting elephants is for the both the practical and immaterial reasons.

D. There is an argument over the differences in the balance between the loss and the cost to protect the elephants.

Question 3: Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Across the continent, the amount of money spent on protecting the elephant is smaller than the loss tourist industry is suffering from.

B. The number of tourists reduces because now it is more difficult for them to see the elephants in the wild.

C. One reason why elephants are killed in mass volume is from the increasing market of ivory in South East Asia.

D. Relating poaching to financial benefits can be considered as one of the solutions to the problem.

Question 4: Which of the positions marked in the passage does the phrase "but the financial argument did not stack up in all areas,” best fit?

A. (A)

B. (B)

C. (C)

D. (D)

Question 5: The word plummet in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. fall B. fluctuate

C. rise D. Stabilize

Question 6: The word sophisticated in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. simple

B. outdated

C. advanced

D. basic

Question 7: The word motivate in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. change

B. design

C. form

D. inspire

Question 8: Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Elephant poaching costs African millions in tourism revenue

B. Elephant poaching does more good than harm

C. Elephant poaching brings an opportunity for Africa to change

D. Elephant poaching reduces the number of elephants in Africa

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frame of an object, each slightly different than the proceeding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator.

In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequences of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that defines the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques from three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures.

High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen.

A camera can be used to film directly from the computer’s display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer computers the positions and colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is replaced for the next frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. If the entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded. This approach can be very expensive and time – consuming. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images.

Question 9: Which of the following statement is supported by the passage?

A. Computers have reduced the costs of animation.

B. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed.

C. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.

D. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.

Question 10: The word “they” in the second paragraph refers to ______.

A. formulas B. objects

C. numbers D. database

Question 11: According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third paragraph are used to ______

A. add color to the images

B. expose several frames at the same time

C. store individual images

D. create new frames

Question 12: According to the passage, the positions and colors of the figures in high-tech animation are determined by _________

A. drawing several versions

B. enlarging one frame at a lime

C. analyzing the sequence from different angles

D. using computer calculations

Question 13: The word “captures” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.

A. separates

B. registers

C. describes

D. numbers

Question 14: The word “Once” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A. before

B. since

C. after

D. while

Question 15: According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion?

A. They experiment with computer-generated line drawings.

B. They hand-draw successive frames.

C. They calculate high-resolutions images.

D. They develop extensive mathematical formulas.

Bài 3. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành bài khóa dưới đây.

Computers have become (1) _________ of our daily lives. We visit shops, offices and places of scenic (2) _________ with the help of computers. We pay bills prepared (3) _________ computers. We read newspapers and magazines (4) _________ contents have been produced on computers. We receive letters from and send letters to (5) _________ every part of the world with the help (6) _________ computers. In addition, we can (7) _________ learn foreign languages on computers.

What makes computers (8) _________ a miraculous device? Each time you turn a computer on, with (9) _________ hardware and software, it is (10) _________ of doing almost anything you ask it (11) _________. It is considered a (12) _________ machine that speeds up calculations (13) _________ it can add, subtract, multiply, and (14) _________ with lightning speed and perfect (15) _________.

A computers is also an electronic (16) _________ device which can manage large collections of (17) _________. What is more, it is a (18) _________ typewriter which allows us (19) _________ and print any kind of document. (20) _________ all, it is a personal communicator which helps us to interact with each other very quickly and effectively.

1. A. part	B. a part	C. parts	D. apart
2. A. beauties	B. beautiful	C. beauty	D. beautified
3. A. with	B. by	C. for	D. in
4. A. who	B. whom	C. whose	D. which
5. A. almost	B. most	C. almost all	D. the most
6. A. on	B. by	C. at	D. of
7. A. even	B. rarely	C. event	C. nearly
8. A. so	B. that	C. such	D. then
9. A. unsuitable	B. appropriate	C. different	D. various
10. A. capable	B. improbable	C. incapable	D. probable
11. A. doing	B. to doing	C. for doing	D. to do
12. A. calculated	B. calculate	C. calculating	D. calculator
13. A. due to	B. because	C. thanks to	D. because of
14. A. divide	B. dilate	C. dignify	D. diffuse
15. A. accurate	B. accreted	C. acutance	D. accuracy
16. A. storage	B. stored	C. stores	D. store
17. A. data	B. datum	C. data	D. datum
18. A. magical	B. magnified	C. magic	D. magnetic
19. A. to input	B. inputting	C. to input	D. input
20. A. under	B. among	C. over	D. above

ĐÁP ÁN

1. C	2. C	3. A	4. C	5. A	6. C	7. D	8. A
9. D	10. B	11. C	12. D	13. A	14. C	15. A

Bài 3. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành bài khóa dưới đây.

1 - B; 2 - C; 3 - B; 4 - C; 5 - A; 6 - D; 7 - A; 8 - C; 9 - B; 10 - A;

11 - D; 12 - C; 13 - B; 14 - A; 15 - D; 16 - A; 17 - A; 18 - A; 19 - C; 20 - C;

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets cam take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.

Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

Question 1: According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

A. has the fewest variables to consider

B. uses the most decision worksheet

C. has the most points assigned to it

D. is agreed to by the greatest number of people

Question 2: Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?

A. Proponents (paragraph 1)

B. Optimal (paragraph 1)

C. Variables (paragraph 3)

D. Long-range goals (paragraph 4)

Question 3: The word "essential" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A. introductory

B. fundamental

C. changeable

D. Beneficial

Question 4: The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once" (paragraph 3) to explain that

A. people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

B. most decisions involve seven steps.

C. human mental capacity has limitations.

D. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions.

Question 5: The word "it" in paragraph 4 refers to

A. worksheet

B. problem

C. distinction

D. decision

Question 6: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.

B. Research on how people make decisions.

C. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.

Question 7: Of the following steps, which occurs BEFORE the others in making a decision worksheet?

A. Listing the consequences of each solution.

B. Writing down all possible solutions.

C. Deciding which consequences are most important.

D. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.

Đáp án:

1. C

2. B

3. B

4. B

5. B

6. C

7. A

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

“When a snow leopard stalks its prey among the mountain walls, it moves softly, slowly,” explains Indian biologist Raghunandan Singh Chundawat, who has studied the animal for years. “If it knocks a stone loose, it will reach out a foot to stop it from falling and making noise.” One might be moving right now, perfectly silent, maybe close by. But where? And how many are left to see?

Best known for its spotted coat and long distinctive tail, the snow leopard is one of the world’s most secretive animals. These elusive cats can only be found high in the remote, mountainous regions of central Asia. For this reason, and because they hunt primarily at night, they are very rarely seen.

Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult. Many continue to be killed for their fur and body parts, which are worth a fortune on the black market. In recent years, though, conflict with local herders has also led to a number of snow leopard deaths. This is because the big cats kill the herders’ animals, and drag the bodies away to eat high up in the mountains.

As a result of these pressures, the current snow leopard population is estimated at only 4,000 to 7,000, and some fear that the actual number may already have dropped below 3,500. The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction, say conservationists, is to make them more valuable alive than dead.

Because farming is difficult in Central Asia’s cold, dry landscape, traditional cultures depend mostly on livestock (mainly sheep and goats) to survive in these mountainous regions. At night, when snow leopards hunt, herders’ animals are in danger of snow leopard attacks. Losing only a few animals can push a family into desperate poverty. “The wolf comes and kills, eats, and goes somewhere else,” said one herder, “but snow leopards are always around. They have killed one or two animals many time. Everybody wanted to finish this leopard.”

To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully. They’ve also tried to convince people that the leopards are quite rare and thus it is important to protect them. Financial incentives are also helping to slow snow leopard killings. The organization Snow Leopard Conservancy–India has established Himalayan Homestays, a program that sends visitors to the region to herders’ houses. For a clean room and bed, meals with the family, and an introduction to their culture, visitors pay about ten U.S. dollars a night. Having guests once every two weeks through the tourist season provides the herders with enough income to replace the animals lost to snow leopards. In addition, Homestays helps herders build protective fences that keep out snow leopards. The organization also conducts environmental classes at village schools and trains Homestays members as nature guides, available for hire. In exchange, the herders agree not to kill snow leopards.

In Mongolia, a project called Snow Leopard Enterprises (SLE) helps herder communities earn extra money in exchange for their promise to protect the endangered cat. Women in Mongolian herder communities make a variety of products—yarn for making clothes, decorative floor rugs, and toys—using the wool from their herds. SLE buys these items from herding families and sells them abroad. Herders must agree to protect the snow leopards and to encourage neighbors to do the same.

The arrangement increases herders’ incomes by 10 to 15 percent and “elevates” the status of the women. If no one in the community kills the protected animals over the course of a year, the program members are rewarded with a 20 percent bonus in addition to the money they’ve already made. An independent review in 2006 found no snow leopard killings in areas where SLE operates. Today the organization continues to add more communities.

Projects like the Homestays program in India and SLE’s business in Mongolia are doing well, though they cover only a small part of the snow leopard’s homeland, they make the leopards more valuable to more people each year. If these programs continue to do well, the snow leopard may just have a figting chance.

Question 1: Which of these is NOT true about the Himalayan Homestays program?

A. The organization helps herders to build fences.

B. Herders provide accommodation to guests.

C. Some herders work as nature guides.

D. Visitors pay $10 a week to stay at a herder’s house.

Question 2: The purpose of the projects mentioned is

A. to persuade herders to live on eco-tourism not raising animals

B. to elevate the status of the women in the communities

C. to increase the population of snow leopards in wildlife reserves

D. to make local people have a sustainable life to protect snow leopards

Question 3: The phrase “this trend” in paragraph 4 refers to

A. the fall in the snow leopard population

B. the pressures caused by the black market

C. increasing conflict with the herders

D. the opinions of conservationists

Question 4: What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. Local herders are uncooperative in attempts to save snow leopards.

B. The snow leopard’s endangerment is due to in part to the black market.

C. Snow leopards are killed for their fur and body parts.

D. It is difficult to enforce the laws made to protect the snow leopard.

Question 5: The word “address” in in paragraph 6 can be replaced by

A. solve

B. locate

C. discuss

D. Change

Question 6: Why is the Mongolian women's status in the community “elevated”?

A. They can encourage their neighbours.

B. They are saving money for the snow leopards.

C. They are earning money for the community.

D. They are living higher up in the mountain.

Question 7: According to conservationists, what is the best way to save the snow leopard?

A. Create a nature park where they can be free

B. Move herders away from where the snow leopard lives

C. Pass laws to punish people who kill snow leopards for their fur

D. Make people recognize the value of living snow leopards.

Question 8: The word “bodies” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A. the big cats

B. snow leopards

C. local herders

D. the herders’ animals

Đáp án

1. D

2. D

3. A

4. D

5. A

6. C

7. D

8. D

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and, therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a byproduct of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it.

Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is, therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection. Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased.

Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily, and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other.

Question 1: Which of the following is the author's main point?

A. Hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem.

B. Loud noises signal danger.

C. Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and psychological health.

D. The ear is not like the eye.

Question 2: According to the passage, what is noise?

A. byproduct of technology.

B. Physical and psychological harm

C. Congestion.

D. Unwanted sound.

Question 3: Why is noise difficult to measure?

A. All people do not respond to it in the same way

B. It causes hearing loss.

C. It is unwanted.

D. People become accustomed to it.

Question 4: The word ‘congested’ in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by ___.

A. hazardous

B. crowded

C. polluted

D. rushed

Question 5: The word it in the first paragraph refers to ___.

A. the quality of life

B. advancing technology

C. the noise

D. physical and psychological harm

Question 6: According to the passage, people respond to loud noises in the same way that they respond to ___.

A. annoyance

B. danger

C. damage

D. disease

Question 7: Look at the verb accelerate in paragraph 3. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to _____.

A. decrease

B. alter

C. increase

D. release

Question 8: The phrase ‘as well as’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ___.

A. after all

B. instead

C. also

D. regardless

Question 9: It can be inferred from the passage that the eye ___.

A. responds to fear

B. enjoys greater protection than the ear

C. increases functions

D. is damaged by noise

Đáp án

1. C	2. D	3. A	4. B	5. C
6. B	7. C	8. C	9. B

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In the Native American Navajo nation which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying. Most of its speakers are middle-age or elderly. Although many students take classes in Navajo, the schools are run in English. Street sign, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years' time.

Navajo is far from alone. Half the world's 6,800 languages are likely to vanish within two generations - that's one language lost every ten days. Never before has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. Isolation breeds linguistic diversity as a result, the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people. Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have fewer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. What makes a language endangered is not that the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children it is relatively safe. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly, according to Michael Krauss, director of the Alaska Native Language Center, in Fairbanks.

Why do people reject the language of their parent? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, says Nicholas Ostler of Britain's Foundation for Endangered Languages, in Bath. “People lose faith in their culture” he says. "When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old tradition.” The change is not always voluntary. Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in school, all to promote national unity. The former US policy of running Indian reservation in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. But Salikoko Mufwene, who chairs the Linguistics Department at the University of Chicago, argues that the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalisation. "Native Americans have not lost pride in their language, but they have had to adapt to socio-economic pressures" he says. “They cannot refuse to speak English if most commercial activity is in English."

However, a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direct predictions from coming true. ‘The key to fostering diversity is for people to learn their ancestral tongue, as well as the dominant language' says Doug Whalen, founder and president of the Endangered Language Fund in New Haven, Connecticut. “Most of these will live without a large degree of bilingualism” he says.

Question 1: It is stated in the passage that the number of endangered languages is ____.

A. about 3,200

B. about 6,800

C. at least 3,000

D. fewer than 2,500

Question 2: The word peppered in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. randomly separated

B. slowly attacked

C. sparsely distributed

D. unintentionally controlled

Question 3: According to the passage, endangered languages cannot be saved unless people

A. avoid speaking their dominant language

B. grow interest in cultural identities

C. know more than one language

D. write in their mother tongue

Question 4: Who thinks that a change of language may mean a loss of traditional culture?

A. Doug Whalen

B. Michael Krauss

C. Nicholas Ostler

D. Salikoko Mufwene

Question 5: The word these in paragraph 5 refers to ____.

A. ancestral tongue

B. dominant language

C. growing interest in cultural identity

D. the key to fostering diversity

Question 6: Navajo language is considered being endangered language because ____.

A. it currently has too few speakers

B. it is spoken by too many elderly and middle-aged speakers

C. it was banned in publicity by the former US policy

D. many young people refuse to learn to speak it

Đáp án:

1. A

2. C

3. C

4. D

5. A

6. A

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