TỔNG HỢP NGỮ PHÁP GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
A. LÝ THUYẾT
| Giới từ | Thời gian | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| In (trong, vào) | Tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên, thập kỉ, các buổi trong ngày (trừ at night), cụm từ cố định. | – in January: vào tháng 1 – in 2010: vào năm 2010 – in summer: vào mùa hè – in the 1960s: vòa những năm 1960. – in the morning: vào buổi sáng. – in time: đúng lúc, kịp lúc – in the end: cuối cùng |
| On (vào) | Các ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng, ngày tháng năm và các ngày cụ thể, cụm từ cố định. | – on Monday: Vào ngày thứ 2 – on 10 March: vào ngày 10 tháng 3 – on 10 March 2019: vào ngày 10 tháng 3 năm 2019 – on Christmas Day: vào ngày lễ giáng sinh. – on time: đúng giờ, chính xác. |
| At (vào lúc) | Thời gian trong ngày, các dịp lễ, cụm từ cố định. | – at 10 o’clock: lúc 10 giờ đúng – at midnight: vào giữa đêm – at Christmas: vào dịp giáng sinh – at the same time: cùng lúc – at the end of this year: cuối năm nay – at the beginning of this year: đầu năm nay – at the moment = at the present: ngày bây giờ |
| Before (trước khi) | Các cụm từ chỉ thời gian | – before 10am: trước 10 giờ sáng – before 2015: trước năm 2015 – before Christmas: trước giáng sinh. |
| After (sau khi) | Các cụm từ chỉ thời gian. | – After breakfast: sau bữa điểm tâm – After school: sau giờ học. |
| During (trong suốt) | Khoảng thời gian. | – During my holiday: suốt kỳ nghỉ – During September: suốt tháng 9. |
| By (trước) | Thời điểm | – By 9 o’clock: trước 9 giờ – By Monday: trước thứ 2. |
| For (trong khoảng thời gian) | Khoảng thời gian. | – For 3 years: trong 3 năm – For a long time = for ages: trong một thời gian dài. |
| Since (từ khi) | Mốc thời gian | – since 2008: từ năm 2008 – since yesterday: từ ngày hôm qua. |
| Till/ until (cho đến khi) | Mốc thời gian | – till/ until 2 o’clock: cho đến 2 giờ – until tomorrow: cho đến ngày mai. |
| Between (giữa) | Giữa hai khoảng thời gian | – between 2pm and 5 pm: từ 2 giờ đến 5 giờ – between September to October: từ tháng 9 đến tháng 10. |
| Up to/ to (cho đến) | Mốc/ khoảng thời gian | – up to now: cho đến bây giờ – up to 3 hours per day: cho đến 3 giờ một ngày. |
| From …. To/ till/ until… (từ… đến…) | Mốc thời gian | – form Monday to Sunday: từ thứ 2 đến chủ nhật – from 8am to 11am: từ 8 giờ sáng đến 11 giờ. |
| Within (trong vòng) | Khoảng thời gian | – within 2 minutes: trong vòng 2 phút – within 2 months: trong vòng 2 tháng. |
| Ago (cách đây) | Khoảng thời gian | – 5 years ago: cách đây 5 năm. |
Lưu ý: Một số từ sau đây không đi kèm với giới từ: tomorrow, yesterday, today, now, right now, every, last, next, this, that.
Ví dụ:
I will visit you tomorrow. (Tôi sẽ thăm bạn vào ngày mai.)
Bài thơ về giới từ
“ IN ” năm, “ IN ” tháng, “ IN ” mùa
Sáng, chiều, và tối thì vừa ba “ IN ”
Đổi giờ lấy “ AT ” làm tin
Tính ngày, tính thứ phải rinh đến “ ON ”
Chính trưa, đêm tối hỏi dồn
Xin thưa “ AT ” đúng hoàn toàn cả hai
Còn như ngày tháng thêm dài
Thì “ ON ” đặt trước không sai chỗ nào
B. VÍ DỤ
Exercise 1: Điền những giới từ sau vào chỗ trống:
In On At X
1. Let’s meet _____ Tuesday.
2. Let’s meet ______ two hours.
3. I saw him ______ 3:00 PM.
4. Do you want to go there ________ the morning?
5. Let’s do it _______ the weekend.
6. I can’t work _______ night.
7. I’ll be there _______ 10 minutes.
8. Let’s meet at the park _______ noon.
9. I saw her ________ my birthday.
10. I like going to the beach _______ the summer.
11. I’ll see you _________ next week.
12. He was born __________ 1991.
13. Did you see her _________ today.
14. It starts ________ tomorrow.
15. It was sunny ________ my birthday.
16. The bus collected us ________ 5 o’clock early ________ the morning.
17. What’s on the TV __________ midnight.
18. The factory closed _________ June.
19. _________ the winter, it usually snows.
20. ________ Friday, she spoke to me.
21. What are you doing _________ the weekend.
22. They saw that car_________ half past ten.
23. The anniversary is __________ May 10th.
24. Where did you go _________ last summer.
25. The movie starts _________ 20 minutes.
26. _________ the moment, I’m busy.
27. They were very popular __________ the 1980s.
28. My appointment is __________ Thursday morning.
29. We had the meeting _________ last week.
30. Are you staying at home ________ Christmas Day.
31. I was born ________ September 15th
32. _________ 8 o’clock, I must leave.
33. I have English classes ______ Tuesdays.
34. Where were you ________Monday evening?
35. The children like to go to the park ________ the morning.
36. Henry’s birthday is ___________ November.
37. Miss White gets up early, She has breakfast________6.00, then she goes to work________half past six
38. Justin Bieber was born __________ March 1, 1994.
39. Leaves turn red, gold and brown _________ autumn.
40. My friends like to go the movies __________ Saturdays.
41. The pilgrims arrived in America _______ 1620.
42. My sister likes to watch TV ___________ the evening.
43. _______Tuesday morning, there is a meeting_______8.00
44. I like to watch the parade ___________ Independence Day.
45. Hippies protested against the war _________ the 1960s.
46. We finished the marathon ________ the same time.
47. I have no time _____ the moment.
48. I shall see her _____ the beginning of the week.
49. Goodbye! See you _____ Monday.
50. We are going to the theatre_____ this evening
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1. I arrive at work _____ nine o’clock.
A. at B. in C. to D. for
2. April comes _____ March.
A. after B. before C. during D. with
3. I get up ____ seven o’clock every morning.
A. till B. in C. for D. at
4. I had only a sandwich_______ lunch.
A. for B. to C. at D. by
5. They will come here ______11:30 AM.
A. between B. at C. for D. in
6. She has come here _____ yesterday.
A. since B. for C. on D. X
7. There is a meeting_____9:00 AM and 2:00 PM.
A. till B. at C. on D. between
8. He was born_____15th, January.
A. on B. at C. in D. of
9. We have lived in Hanoi_____ 4 years.
A. since B. for C. at D. in
10. We will be there _____ 5:00 o’clock early_____ the morning.
A. on / in B. at / in C. in /on D. in / at
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1: Điền những giới từ sau vào chỗ trống:
1. on
2. in
3. at
4. in
5. at
6. at
7. in
8. at
9. in
10. in
11. X
12. in
13. X
14. X
15. in
16. at/ in
17. at
18. in
19. in
20. on
21. at
22. at
23. on
24. X
25. in
26. at.
27. in
28. on
29. X
30. on
31. on
32. at
33. I on
34. on
35. in
36. in
37. at/ at
38. on
39. in
40. on
41. in
42. in
43. on/ at
44. on
45. in
46. at
47. at
48. at
49. on
50. X
Exercise 2 : Choose the best answer:
1. A. at
2. A. after
3. D. at
4. A. for
5. B. at
6. D. X
7. D. between
8. A. on
9. B. for
10. B. at / in
C. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Bài 1: Sử dụng các giới từ phù hợp để điền vào chỗ trống ở những câu dưới đây
1. Aurora’s birthday is …………. May, but I don’t know which date.
2. Steve is 65. He’ll be retiring from his job ………….. two years.
3. I don’t like dark. I try to avoid going out ………. night
4. My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready ……… two hours.
5. Helen and David always go out for dinner …… their wedding anniversary.
6. My class ends…….2 pm.
7. …….Christmas day, I go to the church with my family.
8. I’m cooking…….the moment.
9. I haven’t seen him…….2000.
10. There is snow…….winter. I love this season.
11. I fell asleep……..the film.
12. Columbus discovered America……..the 15th century.
13. Jack’s gone away. He’ll be back……a week.
14. He was plating the trees…….that time.
15. We always decorate our room………Christmas.
16. She hasn’t seen Kate for a few days. She said that she had last seen her ………. Tuesday.
17. Same isn’t here…….. the moment, but he’ll be there this afternoon.
18. It rained very hard …… the night. Did you hear it?
19. The bus station was busy. A lot of buses were leaving……….. the same time.
20. It was short book and essay to read. I read it ………. a day.
21. My parents will go on a vacation …….few weeks.
22. My birthday is………September 18.
23. My brother likes to play game……the evening.
24. This band was very well-known……the 1920s.
25. It has rained…….3 days without stopping.
26. I was tired this morning, so I stayed in bed…….half past ten.
27. …….Sunday morning, I usually go to the park with my father.
28. I bought this dress 2 days…….
29. “Shall we go now?” “No, let’s wait………it stops raining.”
30. Don’t worry! I’ll send you this file……….2 minutes.
ĐÁP ÁN
| 1. in | 6. at | 11. during | 16. on | 21. in | 26. till / untill |
| 2. in | 7. on | 12. in | 17. at | 22. on | 27. on |
| 3. at | 8. at | 13. in | 18. in | 23. in | 28. ago |
| 4. in | 9. since | 14. at | 19. at | 24. in | 29. till / untill |
| 5. on | 10. in | 15. at | 20. in | 25. for | 30. within |
Bài 2: Sử dụng các giới từ in, on, at điền vào chỗ trống ở những Bài tập giới từ chỉ thời gian dưới đây cho phù hợp nhất
1. There was a long queue of people ……………..the bus stop.
2. There was a security guard standing ………………… the entrance to the building.
3. There are plenty of shops and restaurants………… the town centre.
4. The headquarters of the company are………….. California.
5. The man the police are looking for has a scar…………. his right cheek.
6. Sign your name ……………………..the top of the page.
7. They live in a small house ……………… the bottom of the hill.
8. There was a list of names, but my name wasn’t ………. the list.
9. I love to look up at the stars………….. the sky at night.
10. I live in a very small village. You probably won’t find it………….. your map.
11. Is your brother……….. this photo? I don’t recognise him.
12. We had to wait……… a queue for an hour to check in at the airport.
13. Is there anything interesting………. today’s newspaper?
14. When I’m a passenger in a car, I prefer to sit the front.
15. Joe works…………. the furniture department of a large store.
16. Nicola was wearing a silver ring …………… her little finger.
17. I wasn’t sure whether I had come to the right office.There was no name………… the door.
18. You’ll find the weather forecast ……………. the back page of the newspaper.
19. I wouldn’t like an office job. I couldn’t spend the whole day sitting ……………a desk.
20. Have you ever been camping? Have you ever slept …………..a tent?
ĐÁP ÁN
| 1. at | 5. on | 9. in | 13. in | 17. on |
| 2. at | 6. at | 10. on | 14. in | 18. on |
| 3. in | 7. at | 11. in | 15. in | 19. at |
| 4. in | 8. on | 12. in | 16. on | 20. in |
Bài 3: Điền các giới từ In – On – At – X phù hợp vào chỗ trống
1. Let’s meet ______ two hours.
2. I can’t work _______ night.
3. Let’s do it _______ the weekend.
4. I saw her ________ my birthday.
5. Do you want to go there ________ the morning?
6. I like going to the beach _______ the summer.
7. Did you see her _________ today.
8. The bus collected us ________ 5 o’clock early ________ the morning.
9. The factory closed _________ June.
10. They saw that car_________ half past ten.
11. The movie starts _________ 20 minutes.
12. They were very popular __________ the 1980s.
13. Are you staying at home ________ Christmas Day.
14. I have English classes ______ Tuesdays.
15. The children like to go to the park ________ the morning.
16. Justin Bieber was born __________ March 1, 1994.
17. The pilgrims arrived in America _______ 1620.
18. I like to watch the parade ___________ Independence Day.
19. I shall see her _____ the beginning of the week.
20. Hippies protested against the war _________ the 1960s.
21. Goodbye! See you _____ Monday.
22. We finished the marathon ________ the same time.
23. We are going to the theatre_____ this evening
24. Let’s meet _____ Tuesday.
25. I’ll be there _______ 10 minutes.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. in
2. at
3. at
4. in
5. in
6. in
7. X
8. at/ in
9. in
10. at
11. in
12. in
13. on
14. on
15. in
16. on
17. in
18. on
19. at
20. in
21. on
22. at
23. X
24. on
25. in
Bài 4: Sử dụng các giới từ in / on / at cùng với các cụm từ cho sẵn điền vào chỗ trống để được câu hoàn chỉnh, phù hợp nhất
the Middle Ages the evening 21 July 1969 Saturdays about 20 minutes
1492 the 1920s the same time the moment night 11 seconds
1. After working hard during the day, I like to relax ……
2. It’s difficult to listen if everyone is speaking ……
3. I’m just going out to the shop. I’ll be back ……
4. Many of Europe’s great cathedrals were built ……
5. Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America ……….
6. If the sky is clear, you can see the stars …..
7. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ……
8. Jazz became popular in the United States ……
9. (on the phone) “Can I speak to Dan?” “I’m afraid he’s not here ……”
10. Ben is a very fast runner. He can run 100 metres ……
ĐÁP ÁN
1. in the evening
2. at the same time
3. in about 20 minutes
4. in the Middle Ages
5. in 1492.
6. at night
7. on 21 July 1969
8. in the 1920s
9. at the moment
10. in 11 seconds
Bài 5: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất
1. I arrive at work _____ nine o’clock.
A. at
B. in
C. to
D. for
2. I get up ____ seven o’clock every morning.
A. till
B. in
C. for
D. at
3. They will come here ______11:30 AM.
A. between
B. at
C. for
D. in
4. There is a meeting_____9:00 AM and 2:00 PM.
A. till
B. at
C. on
D. between
5. We have lived in Hanoi_____ 4 years.
A. since
B. for
C. at
D. in
6. April comes _____ March.
A. after
B. before
C. during
D. with
7. I had only a sandwich_______ lunch.
A. for
B. to
C. at
D. by
8. She has come here _____ yesterday.
A. since
B. for
C. on
D. X
9. He was born_____15th, January.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. of
10. We will be there _____ 5:00 o’clock early_____ the morning.
A. on / in
B. at / in
C. in /on
D. in / at
ĐÁP ÁN
1. A. at
2. D. at
3. B. at
4. D. between
5. B. for
6. A. after
7. A. for
8. D. X
9. A. on
10. B. at / in
---------------- Hết ----------------
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