TỔNG HỢP KIẾN THỨC VỀ LIÊN TỪ TƯƠNG QUAN
A. LÝ THUYẾT
1. Định nghĩa
Liên từ tương quan là liên từ luôn luôn xuất hiện theo cặp, nhằm mô tả mối quan hệ giữa những ý tưởng được thể hiện trong những thành phần câu khác nhau.
Sau các liên từ tương quan là các thành phần đồng cấp bậc (có vai vế như nhau).
2. Các liên từ tương quan thường dùng
2.1. Both … and … (vừa … vừa …/cả …)
Ví dụ: Both Tom and Mary are intelligent.
(Cả Tom và Mary đều thông minh).
She is both beautiful and helpful.
(Cô ấy vừa đẹp vừa tốt bụng).
2.2. Either … or … (hoặc … hoặc …)
Ví dụ: We will either go to cinema or stay at home.
(Chúng hoặc sẽ đi xem phim hoặc ở nhà).
She wants to read either comic or novel.
(Cô ấy muốn đọc hoặc là truyện tranh hoặc là tiểu thuyết).
2.3. Neither … nor … (không … cũng không …)
Ví dụ: He is neither rich nor handsome.
(Anh ấy không giàu cũng không đẹp trai).
Neither I nor my family want to live in this house.
(Cả tôi và gia đình tôi đều không muốn sống ở căn nhà kia).
2.4. Not only … but also … (không những … mà còn …)
Ví dụ: He is not only handsome but also clever.
(Anh ấy không những đẹp trai mà còn thông minh).
2.5. Would rather … than … (Thà … còn hơn …)
Ví dụ: I would rather buy this dress than go to restaurant.
(Tôi thà mua chiếc váy này còn hơn đi ăn nhà hàng).
2.6. No sooner … than … (Ngay khi … thì …)
(Mệnh đề luôn đi với thì quá khứ hoàn thành và câu văn phải đảo ngữ)
Ví dụ: No sooner had I arrived, than he came.
(Ngay khi tôi vừa đi thì anh ấy đến).
2.7. Whether … or … (Liệu … hay …)
Ví dụ: Have you decided whether you will break up or not?
(Liệu bạn đã quyết định chia tay hay chưa chưa?)
2.8. Hardly … when … (Khó lòng … khi …)
Ví dụ: She had hardly started to cook, when she was shock.
(Cô ấy khó lòng bắt đầu nấu ăn lại, khi cô ấy vừa bị sốc).
3. Một số lưu ý
Tất cả các vị trí dấu ba chấm (..) trong cấu trúc trên đều phải cùng loại từ với nhau (2 danh từ, 2 tính từ, 2 cụm từ, 2 mệnh đề chứ không thể nối 1 danh từ với 1 cụm từ hay 1 mệnh đề được)
Khi gặp both…and, thì động từ luôn chia số nhiều
Khi gặp either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also thì động từ chia theo danh từ nào đứng gần động từ nhất
Liên từ tương quan luôn đi thành đôi và không thể tách rời.
B. VÍ DỤ
Bài tập 1: Nối các câu sau lại với nhau để ghép thành một câu hoàn chỉnh
1. Both peter …
a. …but we also have enough money.
2. Not only do we want to go …
b. …neither true nor realistic.
3. Either jack will have to work more hours ...
c. …not only wise to listen to your parents but also interesting.
4. That story was …
d. … and I are coming next week.
5. Students who do well not only study hard …
e. …either his career or his hobby.
6. In the end he had to choose …
f. … both my laptop and my cell phone on holiday.
7. Sometimes it is …
g. …but also use their instincts if they do not know the answer.
8. I would love to take …
h. … or we will have to hire somebody new.
Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. She is neither polite _______ funny.
a. or
b. nor
c. not
d. yet
2. _______ that is the case, _______ I’m not surprised about what’s happening.
a. If/ then
b. Scarcely/ when
c. Whether/ or
3. Have you made a decision about _______ to go to the movies _______ not?
a. If/ then
b. Either/ or
c. Whether/ or
d. What with/ and
4. _______ had I put my umbrella away, _______ it started raining.
a. No sooner/ than
b. If/ then
c. What with/ and
d. Neither/ nor
5. This salad is _______ delicious _______ healthy.
a. Whether/ or
b. Both/ and
c. Scarcely/ when
d. Rather/ than
6. _________husband ____________ wife loved going to the cinema
a. both/ and
b. either/ or
c. neither/ nor
d. whether/ or
7. What is her name? It’s _____________ Ann _______ Annalisa.
a. both/ and
b. either/ or
c. neither/ nor
d. whether/ or
8. I’m vegan, I eat ___________ dairy __________ eggs
a. both/ and
b. either/ or
c. neither/ nor
d. whether/ or
9. Andrew wasn’t sure __________ to go on holiday ____________ stay at home
a. both/ and
b. either/ or
c. neither/ nor
d. whether/ or
10. It snowed ___________ in Barcelona, ____________ in neighboring cities
a. both/ and
b. either/ or
c. neither/ nor
d. not only/ but also
11. Summer school is __________ easy _____________ difficult.
a. both/ and
b. neither/ nor
c. not/ but
d. not only/ but also
12. ________________ trees ______________ flowers grow colorfully during summer.
a. both/ and
b. neither/ nor
c. not/ but
d. not only/ but also
13. Summer camp offers ___________ swimming ___________ camping instruction.
a. either/ or
b. neither/ nor
c. not/ but
d. not only/ but also
14. I'll take my vacation __________ in July ____________ in August.
a. either/ or
b. neither/ nor
c. not/ but
d. not only/ but also
15. Most students are ___________ below ____________ above national academic standards.
a. either/ or
b. neither/ nor
c. not/ but
d. not only/ but also
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài tập 1:
1. d
2. a
3. h
4. b
5. g
6. e
7. c
8. f
Bài tập 2:
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D
10.D
11.C
12.A
13.D
14.A
15.B
C. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
PHẦN 1:
BÀI 1: Dùng too hay either để điền vào chỗ trống.
1. We often go swimming in the summer, and they ............................
2. She can speak English very well. I ..................................................
3. Nam didn’t come to the party last night, and Minh .........................
4. Hoa will buy some oranges and pineapples. I .................................
5. They don’t want to go out tonight, and we ......................................
6. The pineapples aren’t ripe, and the bananas....................................
7. Nam is hungry and his friends.........................................................
8. Jane won’t come. Peter....................................................................
9. Hoa had a medical check-up yesterday morning. We .....................
10. He can’t swim and his brother.........................................................
BÀI 2: Dùng so hay neither để điền vào chỗ trống.
1. I ate bread and eggs for breakfast. ....................I
2. Hoa doesn’t like pork, and.......................her aunt.
3. Milk is good for your health. ......................fruit juice.
4. I didn’t see her at the party last night. ....................we.
5. These boys like playing soccer, and.......................those boys.
6. My father won’t go to Ha Noi, and....................my mother.
7. Nam can swim. ........................Ba.
8. The spinach isn’t fresh. .......................the cabbages.
9. You should drink a lot of milk, and........................your brother.
10. I don’t know how to cook. .........................my sister.
BÀI 3: Điền vào chỗ trống các từ: a few, a little, much, many:
1. There is only ............... milk in the refrigerator. Let’s buy some more.
2. He drank too ............... beer last night.
3. There were too ............... people in front of the theater.
4. She has a lot of books, but only ............... books are interesting.
5. You made so ............... mistakes in your writing.
6. He never spends too ............ money on his vacation.
7. I only have ............ beefsteak in my plate. Please give me more.
8. Please wait a minute. I want to ask you ............... questions.
BÀI 4: Hoàn thành các câu với do, don’t, does, doesn’t, did, didn’t
1. Her friends bought picture books, but she .................................
2. My mother didn’t watch the movie, but I..................................
3. Hoa likes carrots, but her uncle .................................................
4. I don’t eat plenty vegetables, but my sister ...............................
5. We know how to use a computer, but they................................
6. My father doesn’t dink coffee, but my uncles...........................
7. His parents didn’t eat spinach, but he ........................................
8. Ba does exercises every morning, but Nam...............................
BÀI 5: Nối câu sử dụng các từ sau “so, too, either, neither”
1. They can play volleyball. We can play volleyball.
....................................................................................................................................
2. Mr. Tam won’t come to the party tonight. His wife won’t come to the party tonight.
....................................................................................................................................
3. My father didn’t drink beer. My uncle didn’t drink beer.
....................................................................................................................................
4. She is learning English. I am learning English.
....................................................................................................................................
5. I’m not a doctor. They aren’t doctors.
....................................................................................................................................
BÀI 6: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1. Yesterday, Hoa and her aunt (go)............ to the market.
2. I would like (tell)............ you about my family.
3. Vegetables often (have)............ dirt from the farm on them.
4. Be careful! The children (cross)............ the street.
5. I (be) ............ 14 years old next week, and so will she.
6. My father (not watch) ............ TV last night. He (read) ............ newspapers.
7. You should (add) ............ a little salt to the spinach when you boil it.
8. When............ you (buy) ............ this dress? -Two days ago.
ĐÁP ÁN
I. Dùng too hay either để điền vào chỗ trống.
1 - do, too; 2 - can, too; 3 - didn’t, either; 4 - will, too; 5 - don’t, either;
6 - aren’t, too; 7 - are, too; 8 - won’t, either; 9 - did, too; 10 - can’t, either.
II. Dùng so hay neither để điền vào chỗ trống.
1. 1 - so did; 2 - neither does; 3 - So is; 4 - Neither did; 5 - so do;
2. 6 - neither will; 7 - So can; 8 - Neither are; 9 - so should; 10 - Neither does;
III. Điền vào chỗ trống các từ: a few, a little, much, many:
1 - a little; 2 - much; 3 - many; 4 - a few;
5 - many; 6 - much; 7 - a little; 8 - a few;
IV. Hoàn thành các câu với do, don’t, does, doesn’t, did, didn’t
1 - didn’t; 2 - did; 3 - doesn’t; 4 - does;
5 - don’t; 6 - do; 7 - did; 8 - doesn’t.
V. Nối câu sử dụng các từ sau “so, too, either, neither”
1 - They can play volleyball and we can, too/ so can we
2 - Mr. Tam won’t come to the party tonight and neither will his wife/ his wife won’t, either.
3 - My father didn’t drink beer and my uncle didn’t, either/ neither did my uncle.
4 - She is learning English and I am, too/ so am I.
5 - I’m not a doctor and they aren’t, either/ neither are they.
VI. Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1 - went; 2 - to tell; 3 - have; 4 - are crossing;
5 - will be; 6 - did not watch - read; 7 - add; 8 - did you buy;
PHẦN 2
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống "either, neither, so,too" với các trợ động từ thích hợp
1.We should do our homework now and they ____
2. The pineapples aren't ripe and _____ bananas.
3. Peter can sing and dance well, and ____ his brother.
4. My father doesn't drink coffee and my uncle _____
5. Hoa likes carrots, and her sister _____
6. My parents do exercises every morning and I ______
7. Milk is good for your health and ______ fruit juice.
8. These boys like playing football and ____ those boys.
9. I don't feel cold in the winter and _____ he.
10. Lan didn't go to the concert last night and _____ I.
11. Peter doesn't have homework today and _____ I.
12. Mai will go to Ha Noi next week and ____ Hoa.
13. He is planting some trees and I _____.
14. Mr Nam doesn't like to eat fish and ______ his wife.
15. Trang came to the party last night and ____ her friends.
Bài 2: Viết lại các câu sau với nghĩa tương đương
1.Jane doesn't like cats. I don't like cats either.
=> Neither
2. Lisa and play badminton very well. I can, too.
=> Both
3. We could have lunch at home. We could also go out to eat. (either)
=>
4. She doesn't like hip hop or heavy mental music. (neither)
=>
5. We can go to the cinema on Sunday. We can also go there on Saturday. ( Both)
=>
6. I'm going to buy one of these shirts. One is red, the other is blue . (either)
=>
Bài 3: Chọn đáp án thích hợp nhất điền vào chỗ trống
1. I don't like chinese food very much.
A. A. Neither don't I
B. I don't, too.
C. I don't, either
2. I love chocolate desserts.
A. Neither do I
B. I do, either.
C. I do, too.
3. I don't often eat fruits and vegetables.
A. So do I
B. I do, too.
C. I don't, either
4. I didn't watch horror films last night.
A. I don't, either
C. B. Neither did I
So did i
5. Hoa will be 15 on her next birthday.
A. So will Lan
B. Lan is, too.
C. So does Lan
6. Nam is doing his homework at the moment.
A. So does Minh
B. Neither is Minh
C. Minh is, too.
7. I had a cold last Tuesday.
A. Neither did I
B. So did I
C. I didn't, too.
8. Paul can't type well.
A. I will, either.
B. Neither could I
C. I can't, either
9. Cathy doesn't like dogs.
A. I don't, either
B. I am not, either
C. Neither am I
10. I don't go to work every day.
A. Neither do I
B. Neither am I
C. And I am, either
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
1. should, too.
2. neither are
3. so can
4. doesn't, either
5. does, too
6. do,too
7. so is
8. so do
9. neither does
10. neither did
11. neither do
12. so will
13. am, too
14. neither does
15. so did
Bài 2:
1.Neither Jane nor I like cats.
2. Both Lisa and I can play badminton well.
3. We could either have lunch at home or go out to eat.
4. She doesn't like neither hip hop nor heavy mental music.
5. We can go to the cinema on both Saturday and Sunday.
6. I'm going to buy either the red shirt or the blue shirt
Bài 3:
1C
2C
3C
4B
5A
6C
7B
8C
9A
10A
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