BÀI TẬP SO SÁNH NÂNG CAO TIẾNG ANH 10
PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
I. CÁC CẤU TRÚC SO SÁNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH CĂN BẢN
1. So sánh hơn và So sánh nhất
- So sánh hơn dùng để so sánh giữa 2 người, sự vật về một đặc điểm, đặc tính nào đó
- So sánh nhất dùng khi bạn muốn so sánh giữa 3 người, sự vật về một đặc điểm, đặc tính nào đó trở lên
a. Tính/ trạng từ ngắn: Chỉ có 1 âm tiết
- So sánh hơn
| S + V + Short Adj/Adv – er + (than) + N/Pronoun |
Ví dụ:
Anna is taller than Mary but Mary is older. (Anna cao hơn Mary nhưng Mary lại lớn tuổi hơn)
Emma is much slimmer than when I last saw her. (Emma mảnh mai hơn rất nhiều so với lần trước tôi nhìn thấy cô ấy
- So sánh nhất
| S + V + the + Short Adj/Adv – est |
Ví dụ:
That is the smallest camera I have ever seen. (Đó là chiếc máy ảnh nhỏ nhất tôi từng nhìn thấy)
I’ll have whichever is (the) ripest. (Tôi sẽ ăn trái nào chín nhất)
* Một số lưu ý khi áp dụng cấu trúc so sánh hơn/so sánh nhất với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn:
- Một số trường hợp đặc biệt khi thêm đuôi -er vào tận cùng tính từ/trạng từ ngắn:
– Tính/ trạng từ kết thúc bằng chữ “e” thì chỉ thêm “r” (với so sánh hơn) hoặc “st” (với so sánh nhất)
- – Tính/ trạng từ kết thúc bằng 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm thì phải nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm -er/-est
- – Tính từ kết thúc bằng “y” thì phải chuyển “y” thành “i” rồi thêm “er” hoặc “est“
Ví dụ:
Large → larger → largest
Ví dụ:
Big → bigger → biggest
Hot → hotter → hottest
Ví dụ:
Pretty → Prettier → Prettiest
Weary → Wearier → Weariest
– Với tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng “y, ow, er, et, el” vẫn áp dụng công thức so sánh của tính từ ngắn
Ví dụ:
Narrow → narrower → narrowest
Happy → happier → happiest
Quiet → quieter → quietest
Clever → cleverer → cleverest
– Đặc biệt có một số trạng từ chỉ có một âm tiết (đa số trạng từ có hai âm tiết) thì vẫn chia các từ này theo công thức so sánh hơn / so sánh nhất đối với trạng từ ngắn.
Ví dụ:
Fast (Adv) Nhanh → Faster/Fastest
Hard (Adv) hết sức, cứng rắn → Harder/Fastest
b. Tính từ/trạng từ dài: 2 âm tiết trở lên
- So sánh hơn
| S + V + the more + Long Adj/Adv + (than) + N/Pronoun |
Ví dụ:
I’m more interested in music than sport. (Tôi thích âm nhạc hơn là thể thao)
Big cars that use a lot of petrol are less popular now than twenty years ago. (Ngày nay Xe lớn sử dụng nhiều xăng ít phổ biến hơn so với 20 năm trước)
- So sánh nhất
| S + V + the most + Long Adj/Adv |
Ví dụ:
The most frightening film I’ve ever seen was Alfred Hitchcock’s ‘Psycho’. (Bộ phim đáng sợ nhất tôi từng xem là Alfred Hitchcock’s ‘Psycho’)
What is the least expensive way of travelling in Japan? (Đâu là cách du lịch Nhật bản tiết kiệm nhất (ít đắt đỏ nhất)?)
c. Bảng tính từ so sánh bất quy tắc
| Tính/ Trạng từ | So sánh hơn | Nghĩa | So sánh nhất | Nghĩa |
| Good/ well | Better | Tốt hơn | The best | Tốt nhất |
| Bad/ badly | Worse | Tệ hơn | The worst | Tệ nhất |
| Little | Less | Ít hơn | The least | Ít nhất |
| Much/ many | More | Nhiều hơn | The most | Nhiều nhất |
| Far | Farther/ Further | Xa hơn | The farthest/ the furthest | Xa nhất |
2. So sánh bằng
- So sánh bằng dùng để so sánh giữa 2 người, sự vật khi họ có sự tương đồng ở một đặc điểm, đặc tính nào đó
a. So sánh bằng với tính từ/trạng từ
| S + V + as + Adj/Adv + as + N/Pronoun/Clause |
Ví dụ:
He’s grown so much. He’s as tall as his father now. (adj + noun phrase) (Anh ấy lớn lên nhiều. Giờ anh ấy cao như bố anh ấy vậy)
The company is not performing as successfully as it did when Arthur Carling was the President. (adv + clause) (Công ty vận hành không thành công như thời Arthur Carling là chủ tịch)
The team is still as good as it was five years ago. (adj + clause) (Nhóm vẫn tốt như 5 năm về trước)
b. So sánh bằng với danh từ
| S + V + as many + Plural noun + as + Noun/ Pronoun/Clause |
Ví dụ:
She had as much work as she needed and did not want to take on any more.
There are as many students in Class 2A as there are in 2B.
II. CÁC CẤU TRÚC SO SÁNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH ĐẶC BIỆT
1. So sánh kém
a. So sánh kém hơn với tính từ/trạng từ
| S + V + less + Adj/Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun = S + V + not as + Adj/Adv + as + noun/pronoun |
Ví dụ:
The second method was less complicated than the first one. (Phương án thứ 2 ít phức tạp hơn phương án đầu tiên)
This new laptop is not as fast as my old one. I’m sorry I bought it now. (preferred to is less fast than my old one.) (Chiếc máy tính xách tay mới này không nhanh như cái cũ của tôi).
b. So sánh kém hơn với danh từ
- Danh từ đếm được (Countable noun):
| S + V + fewer + Plural noun + than + Noun/Pronoun |
Ví dụ:
She has fewer pairs of shoes than her sister (Cô ấy có ít đôi giày hơn chị cô ấy)
- Danh từ không đếm được (Uncountable noun):
| S + V + less + Uncountable noun + than + Noun/Pronoun/Clause |
Ví dụ:
This motorbike comsumes less petrol than your car (Chiếc xe máy này dùng ít dầu hơn xe ô tô của bạn)
c. So sánh kém nhất
| S + V + the least + Adj/Adv + Noun/ Pronoun/ Clause |
Ví dụ:
Alan was the one who had the least trees in the competition. (Alan là người có ít cây nhất trong cuộc thi)
2. So sánh kép
a. So sánh kép trong câu đơn
| Adj/adv-er + and + Adj/Adv-er S + V or S + V more and more Adj/Adv |
Ví dụ:
The office is getting hotter and hotter
More and more people complain about the quality of the water system
b. So sánh kép trong câu kép
- Với tính từ ngắn
| The + Adj/adv-er + S + V, The + Adj/adv-er + S + V |
Ví dụ: The fatter he gets, the shorter he is
- Với tính từ dài
3. Các từ bổ trợ cho so sánh
| Much | Far |
| A bit/ a little | A lot |
Ví dụ:
This program is far more attractive than the previous year’s one.
So sánh bội số
| S + V + Twice, three times… + as + much/ many/ Adj/ Adv + as + Noun |
Ví dụ: This building has twice as many floors as my building.
PHẦN B: VÍ DỤ
I. Điền vào chỗ trống dạng so sánh đúng của từ trong ngoặc.
1. He is (clever) ……………………. student in my group.
2. She can’t stay (long) …………………….than 30 minutes.
3. It’s (good) ……………………. holiday I’ve had.
4. Well, the place looks (clean) …………………….now.
5. The red shirt is better but it’s (expensive) ……………………. than the white one.
6. I’ll try to finish the job (quick).…………………….
7. Being a firefighter is (dangerous) ……………………. than being a builder.
8. Lan sings ( sweet ) ………………..than Hoa
9. This is (exciting) ……………………. film I’ve ever seen.
10. He runs ( fast )………………….of all.
11. My Tam is one of (popular) ……………………. singers in my country.
12. Which planet is (close) ……………………. to the Sun?
13. Carol sings as (beautiful) …………………….as Mary, but Cindy sings the (beautiful) …………………….
14. The weather this summer is even (hot) ……………………. than last summer.
15. Your accent is ( bad ) …………………..than mine.
16. Hot dogs are (good) …………………….than hamburgers.
17. They live in a (big) ……………………. house, but Fred lives in a (big) ……………………. one.
18. French is considered to be (difficult) …………………….than English, but Chinese is the (difficult) …………………….language.
19. It’s the (large)……………………. company in the country.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. the cleverest; 2. longer; 3. the best
4. cleaner; 5. more expensive; 6. more quickly; 7. more dangerous
8. more sweetly; 9. the most exciting; 10. the fastest; 11. the most popular
12. the closest' 13. beautifully – most beautifully; 14. hotter; 15. worse
16. better; 17. big - bigger; 18. more difficult - the most difficult; 19. largest
II. Hoàn thành các câu so sánh sau:
1. So sánh ngang bằng.
a. Mary/ tall/ her brother.
_______________________________________________
b. A lemon/ not sweet/ an orange.
_______________________________________________
c. A donkey/ not big/ a horse.
_______________________________________________
d. This dress/ pretty/ that one.
_______________________________________________
e. the weather/ not cold/ yesterday.
_______________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
a - Mary is as tall as her brother.
b - A lemon is not as sweet as an orange.
c - A donkey is not as big as a horse.
d - This dress is as pretty as that one.
e - The weather is not as cold as yesterday.
2. So sánh hơn:
a. A rose/ beautiful/ a weed.
_______________________________________________
b. A dog/ intelligent/ a chicken.
_______________________________________________
c. Ba/ friendly/ Nam.
_______________________________________________
d.Your house/ far/ from school / my house.
_______________________________________________
e. A horse/ strong/ a person.
_______________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
a - A rose is more beautiful than a weed.
b - A dog is more intelligent than a chicken.
c - Ba is more friendly than Nam.
d - Your house is further from school than my house.
e - A horse is stronger than a person.
3. So sánh nhất:
a. The Nile/ long/ river/ in the world.
_______________________________________________
b. Lan/ tall/ student / in my class.
_______________________________________________
c. English coffee/ bad/ of all.
_______________________________________________
d. Australia/ small/ continent in the world.
_______________________________________________
e. That/ high/ mountain in the world.
_______________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
a - The Nile is the longest river in the world.
b - Lan is the tallest student in my class.
c - English coffee is the worst of all.
d - Australia is the smallest continent in the world.
e - That is the highest mountain in the world.
Bài tập bổ sung
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu bằng dạng so sánh đúng của từ trong ngoặc:
1. Her daughter is................her (beautiful).
2. Summer is....................season of the year (hot)
3. That dog isn't....................it looks (dangerous)
4. In the past, people were....................than today (polite)
5. It is...........today than it was yesterday (cold)
6. Our hotel was..............than all the others in the town (cheap)
7. What's....................river in the world (long)
8. It was an awful day. It was.............day of my life (bad)
9. Everest is...............mountain in the world. It is.........than any other mountain (high)
10. I prefer this chair to the other one. It's.................. (comfortable)
ĐÁP ÁN
1. Her daughter is as beautiful as her.
2. Summer is the hottest season of the year.
3. That dog isn't as dangerous as it looks.
4. In the past, people were more polite than today.
5. It is colder today than it was yesterday.
6. Our hotel was cheaper than all the others in the town.
7. What's the longest river in the world.
8. It was an awful day. It was the worst day of my life.
9. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It is higher than any other mountain.
10. I prefer this chair to the other one. It's more comfortable.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại các câu sau bắt đầu bằng từ cho trước sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. This is the most delicious cake I've ever tasted.
=> I've................................
2. I've never met any more dependable person than George.
=> George is..............................
3. There isn't anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.
=> Your mother is........................
4. There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John.
=> Mr John is...................................
5. Have you got any bigger than that one?
=> Is this.......................................?
ĐÁP ÁN
1. This is the most delicious cake I've ever tasted.
=> I've never tasted a more delicious cake than this one.
2. I've never met any more dependable person than George.
=> George is the most dependable person I've ever met.
3. There isn't anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.
=> Your mother is more kind-hearted than anyone.
4. There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John.
=> Mr John is the best teacher in this school.
5. Have you got any bigger hat than that one?
=> Is this the smallest hat you've got?
II. Rewrite these sentences, keeping the original meaning:
1. My house is bigger than your house.
=> Your house is......................
2. The black car is cheaper than the red car.
=> The red car_____________
3. This film is more interesting than that one.
=> That film is_____________
4. My kitchen is smaller than yours.
=> Your kitchen________________
5. My grandmother is older than every one in my family.
=> My grandmother is the________
6. No one in my class is as tall as Tam.
=> Tam is the____________________
7. I can't cook as well as my mother.
=> My mother can cook____________
8. He does not play tennis as well as Jack.
=> Jack can___________________
9. I did not spend as much money as you.
=> You spent___________________
10. I don't think this book is expensive as it is.
=> This book is____________
11. He is the tallest boy in his class.
=> No one in_______________
12. This is the most interesting film of all.
=> No other films are_____________
13. No cars in the world are more expensive than Japanese ones.
=> Japanese cars _____
14. This exercise is easier than that one.
=> That exercise is not_________
15. He drives more carefully than Jack does.
=> Jack_____________
16. No one in the group plays better than he.
=> He can___________________
17. No hotel in the city is as comfortable as this.
=> This hotel is the _______
18. Other oceans in the world aren't as large as the Pacific one.
=> The Pacific Ocean is ______
ĐÁP ÁN
1 - Your house is not as big as my house.
2 - The red car is more expensive than the black car.
3 - That film is not as interesting as this one.
4 - Your kitchen is bigger than mine.
5 - My grandmother is the oldest in my family
6 - Tam is the tallest student in my class.
7 - My mother can cook better than me.
8 - Jack can play tennis better than he.
9 - You spent more money than than me.
10 - This book is more expensive than I think.
11 - No one in his class is taller than him.
12 - No other films are more interesting than this one.
13 - Japanese cars are the most expensive car in the world.
14 - That exercise is not as easy as this one.
15 - Jack drives not as carefully as he does.
16 - He can play better than all in the group.
17 - This hotel is the most comfortable one in the city.
18 - The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
PHẦN C: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
I. Chia đúng từ trong ngoặc:
1. It's..................... than mine. (small)
2. Yours is....................... than mine. (big)
3. It cost...................... than I thought. (little)
4. He's...................... than he looks. (intelligent)
5. The road is....................... than the motorway. (narrow)
6. She talks...................... than I do. (quickly)
7. It's....................... than it looks. (bad)
8. It's...................... than it was. (good)
9. It was...................... than I thought it would be. (quick)
10. I'd like some...................... information about your courses. (far)
ĐÁP ÁN
1. It's..........smaller............. than mine. (small)
2. Yours is.........bigger.............. than mine. (big)
3. It cost.........less.............. than I thought. (little)
4. He's.........more intelligent.............. than he looks. (intelligent)
5. The road is........more narrow............... than the motorway. (narrow)
6. She talks.......quicker................ than I do. (quickly)
7. It's.........worse.............. than it looks. (bad)
8. It's..........better............. than it was. (good)
9. It was........quicker............... than I thought it would be. (quick)
10. I'd like some..........farther............. information about your courses. (far)
II. Dùng các hình thức so sánh với tính từ trong ngoặc:
1. Mary is 10 years old. Julie is 8 years old. Mary is (old)............................Julie.
2. The Alps are very high. They are (high)..........................mountains in Europe.
3. An ocean is (large)................................ a sea.
4. A Rolls Royce costs a lot of money. A Twingo costs less money.
A Rolls Royce is (expensive)...............................a Twingo.
5. John's results were good. Fred's results were very poor. Fred's results were (bad)................................John's.
6. This exercise is not difficult. It's (easy)...............................I expected.
7. The weather is not good today - it's raining. I hope the weather will be (good)........................next week.
8. People are not friendly in big cities. They are usually (friendly)......................in small towns.
9. In the government of a country, the President is (important).....................person.
10. People say that Chinese is (difficult)...................to learn than English.
11. This test is not (difficult).....................as it was last month.
12. The winter is coming. It is getting (cold)..................and (cold)...................
13. The problem seems to be (serious)..........and............
ĐÁP ÁN
1. older than 2. higher than
3. larger than 4. more expensive
5. worse than 6. easier than
7. better 8. Friendlier
9. the most important 10. more difficult
11. as difficult 12. colder - colder
13. more - more serious
III. Chia dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc:
1. The movie was (interesting)................than the one on TV.
2. We've got (little)............................time than I thought.
3. This shirt is too small. I need a ( large).................one.
4. Lan is (clever).................and (pretty)...................than Lien.
5. She is (nice)...........................than I expected.
6. This was the (big)......................farm I've ever visited.
7. Who between the two workers is the (good).......................?
8. This old machine is (powerful)................than we thought.
9. The farmers have never had a (rich)............ harvest than that.
10. Which is (difficult)........................, English or Math?
11. It is the (expensive).....................of the two cars.
12. Which is the (expensive).....................of these two coats?
13. What is the (long)...................river in Vietnam.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. more interesting
2. less
3. larger
4. cleverer - prettier
5. nicer
6. biggest
7. best
8. more powerful
9. richer
10. more difficult
11. most expensive
12. most expensive
13. longest
IV. Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi:
1. Her old house is bigger than her new one.
=> Her new house...................................................
2. No one in my class is taller than Peter.
=> Peter.......................................................
3. The black dress is more expensive than the white one.
=> The white dress...................................................
4. According to me, English is easier than Maths.
=> According to me, Maths........................................
5. No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary.
=> Mary................................................................
6. No river in the world is longer than the Nile.
=> The Nile...........................................................
7. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
=> No mountain......................................................
8. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.
=> She is..............................................................
9. He works much. He feels tired.
=> The more.........................................................
10. This computer works better than that one.
=> That computer.....................................................
11. The apartment is big. The rent is high.
=> The bigger..........................................................
12. We set off soon. We will arrive soon.
=> The sooner............................................................
13. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.
=> The better...............................................................
14. She gets fat. She feels tired.
=> The fatter................................................................
15. As he gets older, he wants to travel less.
=> The older................................................................
16. The children are excited with the difficult games.
=> The more................................................................
17. People dive fast. Many accidents happen.
=> The faster................................................................
18. I meet him much. I hate him much
=> The more................................................................
19. My boss works better when he is pressed for time,
=> The less...................................................................
20. As he has much money, he wants to spend much.
=> The more...................................................................
21. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge.
=> The more.....................................................................
22. He speaks too much and people feel bored.
=> The more.....................................................................
23. The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better.
=> The more.......................................................................
24. People learn a lot of things as they travel far.
=> The farther......................................................................
ĐÁP ÁN
1. Her new house isn't so/ as big as her old one.
2. Peter is the tallest in my class.
3. The white dress isn't so/ as expensive as the black one.
4. According to me, Maths isn't so/ as easy as English.
5. Mary is the most intelligent in my group.
6. The Nile is the longest river in the world.
7. No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest.
8. She is the prettiest girl I have ever met.
9. The more he works, the more tired he feels.
10. That computer doesn't work so/ as well as that one.
11. The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is.
12.The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is.
14. The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels.
15. The older he gets, the less he want to travel.
16. The more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are.
17. The faster people drive, the more accidents happen.
18.The more I meet him, the more I hate him.
19. The less time my boss has, the better he works.
20. The more money he has, the more he wants to spend.
21. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have.
22.The more he speaks, the more bored people feel.
23.The more the economy grows, the better people's living condition is.
24. The farther people travel, the more the learn.
Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Of the four dresses, which is ………………..expensive?
A. the best
B. the most
C. the more
D. the greater
2. The larger the apartment, the................... the rent.
A. expensive
B. more expensive
C. expensively
D. most expensive
3. The faster we walk,………….. we will get there.
A. the soonest
B. the soon
C. the more soon
D. the sooner
4. “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….….. I could find. ”
A. cheapest
B. cheapest ones
C. the cheapest ones
D. the most cheapest
5. She plays the piano …………… as she sings.
A. as beautifully
B. more beautifully
C. as beautiful
D. the most beautifully
6. The streets are getting more and …………… these days.
A. crowded
B. less crowded
C. more crowded
D. most crowded
7. The larger the city, …………… the crime rate.
A. highest
B. higher
C. the highest
D. the higher
8. You must explain your problems …………....
A. as clear as you can
B. as clearly as you can
C. as clear than you are
D. as clearly as you are
9. Pil is ……………… person we know.
A. the happier
B. the happiest
C. happier
D. happiest
10. Which woman are you going to vote for? –I’m not sure. Everyone says that Joan is………….
A. smarter
B. the smarter
C. more smarter
D.more smart
11. Bill is ………………
A. lazier and lazier
B. more and more lazy
C. lazier and more lazy
D. more lazy and lazier
12. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………?
A. noisier
B. more quiet
C. more noisy
D. quieter
13. ………………..the time passes, …………….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I have just finished half of it.
A. The faster / the nervous
B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous
D. The faster / the more nervous
14. China is the country with…………………..population.
A. the larger
B. the more large
C. the largest
D. the most large
15. She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting…………….Finally she exploded.
A. more and more angry
B. the more angry
C. angrier and angrier
D. the most angry
16. For ……………….., it is certain that in the future some things will be very different.
A. the better or the worse
B. the good or the bad
C. good or bad
D. better or worse
17. Her grandfather’s illness was…………………..we thought at first.
A. more seriously as
B. as seriously as
C. more serious than
D. as serious than
18. My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed…………..usual.
A. more early than
B. as early as
C. more earlier as
D. earlier than
19._______ you study for these exams, _______ you will do.
A. The harder / the better
B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best
D. The more hard / the more good
20. His house is _______ mine.
A. twice as big as
B. as twice big as
C. as two times big as
D. as big as twice
21. Nobody is happy than Miss Snow is.
22. He needs many more sugar than I do.
23. Does Mary feel weller today than she did yesterday?
24. It’s becoming hard and harder to find a job.
25. The more you have, the most you want.
ĐÁP ÁN
1 - B; 2 - B; 3 - D; 4 - C; 5 - A;
6 - C; 7 - D; 8 - B; 9 - B; 10 - B;
11 - A; 12 - D; 13 - D; 14 - C; 15 - C;
16 - D; 17 - C; 18 - D; 19 - A; 20 - A;
21 - happy thành happier;
22 - many thành much;
23 - weller thành better;
24 - hard thành harder;
25 - most thành more;
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