PHÂN BIỆT THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH VÀ THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
A. LÝ THUYẾT
I. Phân biệt thì thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Present Perfect) và quá khứ đơn (Past Simple)
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành | Thì quá khứ đơn |
| - Diễn tả hành động gần đây đã diễn ra tại thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ. Eg: I have bought a new computer (We don’t know when he bought it => không xác định được thời điểm) - Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và tiếp tục kéo dài đến hiện tại. | - Diễn tả hành động đã kết thúc tại thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Eg: I bought the computer two years ago (Two year ago => thời điểm đã được xác định) - Diễn tả hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ. |
| Dấu hiệu: ever, never, just, already, yet, so far, since, for, recently,… | Dấu hiệu: yesterday, last night/ week/ month/ year, ago, then, when, in 2019,…. |
II. Chuyển từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn và ngược lại
Dạng này có các mẫu sau đây:
Dạng 1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta)
=> I have never seen him before. (tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây)
Mẫu này có dạng:
Đây là lần đầu tiên ... làm chuyện đó
=> ...chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đó trước đây.
The first time: lần đầu tiên
Never ...before : chưa bao giờ trước đây
Dạng 2. I started / begun studying English 3 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học Tiếng Anh cách đây 3 năm)
=> I have studied English for 3 years. ( tôi học Tiếng Anh được 3 năm )
Mẫu này có dạng:
...bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian
=> .. đã làm chuyện đó for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giử nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since thôi
Dạng 3. I last saw him when I was a student. (lần cuồi cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là sinh viên)
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student. (tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là sinh viên)
Mẫu này có dạng:
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi ....
=> ..không làm chuyện đó từ khi ....
Last : lần cuối
Since : từ khi
Dạng 4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago. (lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm)
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay)
Tương tự mẫu 3 nhưng khác phần sau thôi
Dạng 5. It's ten years since I last met him. (đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối)
=> I haven't met him for ten years. (tôi đã không gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi)
Mẫu này có dạng:
Đã ..khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối
=> ..không làm việc đó được + khoảng thời gian
Dạng 6. When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nó khi nào ?
=> How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nó được bao lâu ? )
Mẫu này có dạng:
when: thì dùng quá khứ đơn
How long: thì dùng hiện tại hoàn thành
B. VÍ DỤ
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer
1. I _______ a new dress yesterday.
A. buy
B. bought
C. have bought
2. They _____ their homework yet
A. have finished
B. haven’t finished
C. finished
3. I ________ TV last night.
A. didn’t watch
B. haven’t watched
C. hasn’t watched
4. She ____ married in 2018
A. have got
B. has got
C. got
5. He ______ to school last week. He was ill
A. hasn’t gone
B. went
C. didn’t go
6. We ____ the children’s toys yesterday.
A. found
B. find
C. have found
7. Helen has already ____ lunch.
A. have
B. has
C. had
8. I didn’t ______ breakfast yesterday.
A. have
B. had
C. has
9. Ben has just _____ a vase
A. break
B. broke
C. broken
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in bracket into the past simple or the present perfect
1. I ______ (not/play) tennis since I was at school but I _____ (be) very good at it back then.
2. A: ______ you ________ (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I ______ (buy) one yesterday.
3. I think our teacher ______ (forget) about the test! He ___________ (not/ say) anything about it in the last season!
4. A: ____________ (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, some people _______ (see) it last month and ________ (buy) it.
5. They __________ (lose) their cat. It ___________ (run) away last week.
Exercise 3: Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since”
1. My father went to Italy five days ______.
2. He has known her _______ 2001.
3. Have you _________ seen an elephant?
4. She hasn’t finished her work ________.
5. He has lived in Madrid _______ ten years.
6. We went to bed at 11 o’clock ________.
Exercise 4: Circle the correct item
1. Has Jack gone to school then/ yet?
2. Tonia has sent twenty invitations yesterday/ so far.
3. Tina took a test already/ three days ago.
4. I sent you an email two days already/ ago but you haven’t replied.
5. Helen has already/ yet had her breakfast.
Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
I (1) _____________ (be) a ski instructor for many years now. I (2) _______ (take up) the sport when I (3) _________ (be) at school. I still remember the first time I (4) ______ (try) to ski. I (5) _________ (slip) on the ice and (6) ________ (break) my ankle. Thankfully, I (7) _______ (not/ have) a serious accident since then. Last year, I (8) ______ (try) ice-skating for the very first time. I (9) ________ (slip) on the ice rink a couple of times since then but I (10) ________ (not/ break) anything. Two years ago, I (11) _______ (take) snowboarding lessons. I (12) _______ (not/ like) it because I (13) ____ (find) it a little dangerous. I (14) ________ (not/ play) ice - hockey yet. There’s a game tomorrow. I can’t wait to go!
Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
1.A: __________ (you/ ever/ meet) anyone famous?
B: Yes, last summer I __________ (sit) next to Brad Pit on a plane to LA.
2.A: How long ago __________ (you/ start) painting?
B: Ten years ago. I __________(recently/ complete) a painting that the National Gallery __________ (ask) me to do a year ago.
3. A: Last night, I __________(see) the latest James Bond film.
B: Oh, I__________(already/ see) it twice.
4. A: Do you know that Mrs Janet __________(work) here for sixteen years?
B: I thought she__________(start) working here ten years ago.
5. I (invite) __________them to my birthday party yesterday, however, they (not come) _________.
6. My brother (begin) __________ looking for a job in January.
7. Timson (make) __________13 films and I think her latest is the best.
8. She (be) ____________ extremely quiet since her husband died.
9. Jane (leave)____________ just a few minutes ago.
-The end-
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. C
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in bracket into the past simple or the present perfect
1.I __haven’t played____ (not/play) tennis since I was at school but I _was____ (be) very good at it back then.
2.A: __Have__ you __chosen______ (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I __bought____ (buy) one yesterday.
3.I think our teacher __has forgotten____ (forget) about the test! He _____didn’t say____ (not/ say) anything about it in the last season!
4.A: __Have you sold_____ (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, some people ___saw____ (see) it last month and ___bought_____ (buy) it.
5.They ____have lost______ (lose) their cat. It ____ran_____ (run) away last week.
Exercise 3: Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since”
1.My father went to Italy five days __ago____.
2.He has known her ___since____ 2001.
3.Have you ____ever_____ seen an elephant?
4.She hasn’t finished her work ___yet_____.
5.He has lived in Madrid ___for____ ten years.
6.We went to bed at 11 o’clock ___last night_____.
Exercise 4: Circle the correct item
1. Has Jack gone to school yet?
2. Tonia has sent twenty invitations so far.
3. Tina took a test three days ago.
4. I sent you an email two days ago but you haven’t replied.
5. Helen has already had her breakfast.
Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
1. have been
2. took up
3. was
4. tried
5. slipped
6. broke
7. haven’t had
8. tried
9. have slipped
10. haven’t broken
11. took
12. didn’t like
13. found
14. haven’t played
Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
1.A: ____Have you ever met______ (you/ ever/ meet) anyone famous?
B: Yes, last summer I ______sat____ (sit) next to Brad Pit on a plane to LA.
2.A: How long ago ____did you start______ (you/ start) painting?
B: Ten years ago. I ____have recently completed______(recently/ complete) a painting that the National Gallery _____asked_____ (ask) me to do a year ago.
3. A: Last night, I ____saw______(see) the latest James Bond film.
B: Oh, I____have already seen______(already/ see) it twice.
4. A: Do you know that Mrs Janet ____have worked______(work) here for sixteen years?
B: I thought she_____started_____(start) working here ten years ago.
5. I (invite) ______invited____them to my birthday party yesterday, however, they (not come) _____didn’t______.
6. My brother (begin) _____began_____ looking for a job in January.
7. Timson (make) ______has made____13 films and I think her latest is the best.
8. She (be) ____________ extremely quiet since her husband died.
9. Jane (leave)____________ just a few minutes ago.
C. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
I. Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) This is the first time he went abroad.
=> He hasn't.................................................................................................
2) She started driving 1 month ago.
=> She has....................................................................................................
3) We began eating when it started to rain.
=> We have...................................................................................................
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven't....................................................................................................
5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
=> She hasn't.................................................................................................
6) It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven't................................................................................................
7) When did you have it ?
=> How long .................................................................................................?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal .
=> I haven't..................................................................................................
9) I haven't seen him for 8 days.
=> The last ..................................................................................................
10) I haven't taken a bath since Monday.
=> It is .........................................................................................................
11) Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997
Samuel has ___________________________________
12)We started learning English fìve years ago.
We have ___________________________________
13) I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was 8.
I have ___________________________________
14) She has taught the children in this remote village for five months
She started ___________________________________
15) He has written to me since April.
The last time __________________________________
16) She hasn’t had a swim for five years
She last __________________________________
17) They last talked to each other two months ago
They haven’t __________________________________
18) The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999
She hasn’t __________________________________
19) She hasn’t written to me for years
It’s years __________________________________
20) Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years.
It’s ten years __________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
1. He hasn’t never gone abroad before.
2. She has driven for 1 month.
3. We have eaten since it started raining.
4. I haven’t cut my hair since I left her.
5. She has kissed me for 5 months.
6. We haven’t met (each other) for a long time.
7. How long have you had it?
8. I haven’t never eaten such a delicious meal before.
9. The last time I saw him was 8 days.
10. It is …. days since I last took a bath.
11. Samuel has kept a diary since 1997.
12. We have learned English for five years
13. I have lived in Ho Chi Minh City since I was 8.
14. She started to teach the children in this remote village five months ago.
15. The last time he wrote to me was in April.
16. She last had a swim was five years ago
17. They haven’t talked to each other for two months.
18. She hasn’t seen her elder sister since 1999
19. It’s years since she wrote to me.
20. It’s ten years since Robert and Catherine were married.
II. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn
1) The police.........two people early this morning. (to arrest)
2) She.........to Japan but now she.........back. (to go - to come)
3) Dan.........two tablets this year. (already/to buy)
4) How many games.........so far this season? (your team/to win)
5).........the CN Tower when you.........in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)
6).........your homework yet? – Yes, I.........it an hour ago. (you/to do - to finish)
7) There.........an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school. (to be)
8) I.........Peter since I.........last Tuesday. (not/to see - to arrive)
9) Frank.........his bike last May. So he.........it for 4 months. (to get - to have)
10) I'm sorry, I.........earlier, but I.........a lot lately. (not/to write - to work)
ĐÁP ÁN
| 1 - arrested | 2 - went - has come | 3 - has already bought | 4 - has your team won | 5 - Did - visit |
| 6 - have you done - finished | 7 - has been | 8 - haven't ... met - arrived | 9 - got - has had | 10 - haven't written - have worked |
III. Circle the mistake and then correct it
1. Frank has done(A) his homework and then listened(B) to music.
2. The children have put(A) away their toys but they didn’t make(B) their beds yet.
3. Jim learned(A) a lot since he started(B) the language course.
4. Helen has finished(A) her lunch and she went(B) out to play.
5. They haven’t seen(A) each other since September when they have met(B) at Mary's party.
6. Peter has bought(A) a new MP3 player yesterday but I haven’t seen(B) it yet.
7. The hockey player hit(A) his head on Friday and he was(B) in hospital since then.
ĐÁP ÁN
| 1. A (did) | 2. B (haven’t made) | 3. A (has learned) | 4. A (finished) |
| 5. B (met) | 6. A (bought) | 7. B (has been) |
IV. Rewrite the sentences using the words given
1. Dorothy has just watered the flowers. (two minutes ago)
_______________________________________________
2. We didn’t get ready for the party. (yet)
_______________________________________________
3. She has already done the washing up. (an hour ago)
_______________________________________________
4. Have you ever visited an orphanage? (last year)
_______________________________________________
5. Uncle Tom took me to the school today. (already)
_______________________________________________
6. Haven't you put on your jacket yet? (in the morning)
_______________________________________________
7. Susan didn't spend her summer in Italy last year. (never)
_______________________________________________
8. The children didn't return back from the school. (yet)
_______________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
1. Dorothy watered the flowers two minutes ago
2. We haven’t get ready for the party yet
3. She finished washing up an hour ago
4. Did you visit an orphanage last year?
5. Uncle Tom has already take me to the school
6. Didn't you put your jacket in the morning?
7. Susan has never spent her summer in Italy
8. The children haven't return from the school yet.
V/ Put in the present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets.
1. Martin (be) ________ to Greek five times. He loves the place.
2. I (work) ________ for a computer company for a year. That was after college.
3. We (move) ________here in 1993. We (be) ________ here a long time now.
4. It isn’t a very good party. Most people (already/ go) ________ home.
5. It was so hot today that I (wear) ________ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
6. My wife and I (move) ________ three times since we (get) married.
7. So far this week there (be) ________ three burglaries in our street.
8. When I was younger I (play) ________ badminton for my local team.
9. In the past few years, it (become) ________ more and more difficult to get into university.
10. I (enjoy) ________ skiing ever since I (live) ________ in Switzerland.
11. I (not see) ________ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ________ us since July.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. Martin (be) ____has been____ to Greek five times. He loves the place.
2. I (work) ___worked_____ for a computer company for a year. That was after college.
3. We (move) ___moved_____here in 1993. We (be) ___have been_____ here a long time now.
4. It isn’t a very good party. Most people (already/ go) ___have already gone_____ home.
5. It was so hot today that I (wear) ___wore_____ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
6. My wife and I (move) ____have moved____ three times since we (get) __got___married.
7. So far this week there (be) ____have been____ three burglaries in our street.
8. When I was younger I (play) ___played_____ badminton for my local team.
9. In the past few years, it (become) ___has become_____ more and more difficult to get into university.
10. I (enjoy) ___have enjoyed_____ skiing ever since I (live) ____lived____ in Switzerland.
11. I (not see) ___haven't seen_____ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ____hasn't visited____ us since July.
V. Viết lại câu từ quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành không làm thay đổi nghĩa.
1/ The last time I cooked was 3 years ago.
->
2/ When did you bought that bag?
->
3/ I last saw him 2 days ago.
->
4/ I started writing blog 2 months ago
->
5/ She began living in Danang when she was a child.
->
6/ It is 5 years since I last visit my grandparents.
->
7/ When did you start loving him?
->
8/ The last time I went to bar was 6 years ago.
->
9/ It’s years since she wrote to me.
->
10/ I last took a bath 2 days ago.
->
ĐÁP ÁN
1/ The last time I cooked was 3 years ago.
-> I haven’t cooked for 3 years
2/ When did you buy that bag?
-> How long have you bought that bag?
3/ I last saw him 2 days ago.
-> I haven’t seen him for 2 days.
4/ I started writing blog 2 months ago
-> I have written blog for 2 months.
5/ She began living in Danang when she was a child.
-> She has lived in Danang since she was a child.
6/ It is 5 years since I last visited my grandparents.
-> I haven’t visited my grandparents for 5 years.
7/ When did you start loving him?
-> How long have you loved him?
8/ The last time I went to bar was 6 years ago.
-> I haven’t gone to bar for 6 years.
9/ It’s years since she wrote to me.
-> She hasn’t written to me for years.
10/ I last took a bath 2 days ago.
-> I haven’t taken a bath for 2 days.
VI. Bài tập chuyển đổi thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn
1/ How long have you been here?
->
2/ This is the first time I have seen such a beautiful girl.
->
3/ I haven’t gone to school for 4 months because of covid-19.
->
->
->
4/ I have never visited Halong Bay before.
->
5/ I haven’t cheated in exam for years.
->
->
->
6/ I have married for 10 years.
->
7/ How long have she lived in Danang?
8/ He hasn’t smoked for 2 years.
->
->
->
9/ I have learnt French for 3 years.
->
10/ I haven’t met her for 5 days.
->
->
->
ĐÁP ÁN
1/ How long have you been here?
-> When did you go here?
2/ This is the first time I have seen such a beautiful girl.
-> I have never seen such a beautiful girl before.
3/ I haven’t gone to school for 4 months because of covid-19.
-> The last time I went to school was 4 months ago…
-> I last went to school 4 months ago.
-> It is 4 months since I last went to school
4/ I have never visited Halong Bay before.
-> This is the first time I have visited Halong Bay.
5/ I haven’t cheated in exam for years.
-> It is years since I last cheated in exam
-> The last time I cheated in exam was years.
-> I last cheated in exam years ago.
6/ I have married for 10 years.
-> I started marrying 10 years ago.
7/ How long have she lived in Danang?
-> When did she start living in Danang?
8/ He hasn’t smoked for 2 years.
-> He last smoked 2 years ago.
-> The last time he smoked was 2 years ago.
-> It is 2 years since he last smoked.
9/ I have learnt French for 3 years.
-> I began learning French 3 years ago.
10/ I haven’t met her for 5 days.
-> I last met her 5 days ago.
-> It is 5 days since I last met her.
-> The last time I met her was 5 days ago.
Trên đây là toàn bộ nội dung Phân biệt Present Perfect Tense và Simple Past Tense. Để xem thêm nhiều tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích khác các em chọn chức năng xem online hoặc đăng nhập vào trang Chúng tôi để tải tài liệu về máy tính.
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