ÔN TẬP KIẾN THỨC CÂU PHỨC TIẾNG ANH 9
I. LÝ THUYẾT
A complex sentence (câu phức) bao gồm 1 mệnh đề chính (independent clause) và 1 hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (dependent clause) (nhưng thường là 1 mệnh đề phụ). Hai mệnh đề thường được nối với nhau bởi dấu phẩy hoặc các liên từ phụ thuộc.
Ví dụ: While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.
(Trong khi chờ ở ga tàu, Joe nhận ra tàu đã bị trễ)
- Mệnh đề chính tức là mệnh đề không phụ thuộc có nghĩa là dù nó có tách ra làm 1 câu đơn thì nó vẫn có nghĩa.
- Trái ngược với nó là mệnh đề phụ, tức là mệnh đề này bắt buộc phải đi kèm với mệnh đề chính thì mới có nghĩa
- Thông thường liên từ phụ thuộc sẽ nằm ở mệnh đề phụ.
Ví dụ:
- When I came, they were watching TV. (Khi tôi đến, họ đang xem TV.)
when: liên từ phụ thuộc
when I came: mệnh đề phụ
they were watching TV: mệnh đề chính.
- We'll go out if the rain stops. (Chúng tôi sẽ ra ngoài nếu trời ngừng mưa)
if the rain stops: mệnh đề phụ
We’ll go out: mệnh đề chính
Một số liên từ phụ thuộc:
1. Mệnh đề phụ chỉ mục đích thường bắt đầu với liên từ so that hoặc in order that. Nó chỉ mục đích của hành động trong mệnh đề chính
Ví dụ: The artisan moulded the clay so that he could make a mask.
2. Mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do bắt đầu với liên từ because, since hoặc as. Nó trả lời cho câu hỏi why?
Ví dụ: Since it was raining, they cancelled the trip to Trang An.
(Bởi vì trời đang mưa nên họ hoãn chuyến đi đến Tràng An)
3. Mệnh đề phụ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu với liên từ when, while, before, after, as soon as, whenever etc. nói về khi những hành động được miêu tả trong mệnh đề chính được đặt thời gian.
Ví dụ: When I have free time, I usually go to the museum.
(Khi tôi có thời gian rảnh, tôi thường đến thăm bảo tàng)
4. Một số liên từ khác
As if, as long as
Even if, even though, if, incase
Unless, until, whereas, where, wherever...
II. BÀI TẬP
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer
1. I almost missed my flight ___________ there was a long queue in the duty-free shop.
A. although
B. since
C. despite
D. because of
2. They decided not to go out for a meal _____________ they were too tired
A. so
B. because
C. but
D. if
3. They were driving to Dallas _____________ they caught an accident.
A. when
B. while
C. before
D. as soon as
4. I want to be well-groomed ______other people think nice things about me.
A. in order to
B. so as not to
C. so that
D. as soon as
5. ___________I met the Gills, I had been gardening for nearly ten years.
A. As soon as
B. Although
C. After
D. Before
6. In spite of his hard work, he could not finish the job.
A. As hard as he work
B. Though he worked hard
C. Despite he worked hard
D. Although hard work
7. ________ she was asleep, thieves broke in and stole her handbag.
A. In order that
B. Although
C. Because of
D. While
8. All people should join hand in protecting the environment ___________ we can gain better health.
A. in order that
B. when
C. because
D. even though
9. ____________ her poverty, she feels happy
A. Although
B. Because
C. If
D. In spite of
10. Tony went to work although he didn’t feel very well.
A. that he did not feel very well
B. despite of the fact not feeling well
C. because he did not feel very well
D. despite not feeling very well
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences
1. Hoa was born in Doc So craft village. She knows the process of making pottery. (BECAUSE)
__________________________________________________
2. I was not enjoying the party. I wanted to leave early. (AS)
__________________________________________________
3. I attended a knitting workshop last Sunday. I don’t know how to knit a scarf. (ALTHOUGH)
__________________________________________________
4. The artisan moulded the cooper to make a bronze drum. (SO THAT)
__________________________________________________
5. You want to knit a hat for your friend. You should watch tutorials on YouTube. (BEFORE)
__________________________________________________
6. I was cleaning out my cupboards. I found these photos. (WHILE)
__________________________________________________
7. I told the absolute truth. No one would believe me ( BUT)
__________________________________________________
8. I’m learning Japanese. I like learning Japanese.
__________________________________________________
Exercise 3: Mark the letter a, b, c or d to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
1. Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend. The train arrived.
A. Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend as soon as the train arrived.
B. After the train arrived, Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend.
C. The train arrived while Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend.
D. Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend whenever the train arrived.
2. The water is very cold in January. We go swimming anyway.
A. When the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway.
B. As the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway.
C. The water is very cold in January if we go swimming anyway.
D. Although the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway.
3. The water was very rough. The lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water.
A. Since the water was very rough, the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water.
B. The water was very rough so that the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water.
C. The water was very rough because the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave
D. The lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water though the water was very rough.
4. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning. Then he gets ready for work.
A. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning after he gets ready for work.
B. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning before he gets ready for work.
C. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning as soon as he gets ready for work.
D. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning when he gets ready for work.
5. Ticket prices might be more expensive. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert.
A. Ticket prices might be more expensive then going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert.
B. Ticket prices might be more expensive that going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert.
C. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert since ticket prices might be more expensive.
D. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert although ticket prices might be more expensive.
6. We went to Dong Xuan Market. We flew back to Ho Chi Mirth City at 7pm.
A. We went to Dong Xuan Market while we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm.
B. Before we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm, we went to Dong Xuan Market.
C. We went to Dong Xuan Market in order that we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm.
D. As we went to Dong Xuan Market, we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm.
7. You need to plan your trip to South America carefully. You don’t spend all your money too quickly.
A. You need to plan your trip to America carefully so that you don’t spend all your money too quickly.
B. You need to plan your trip to America carefully although you don’t spend all your money too quickly.
C. You need to plan your trip to America carefully as you don’t spend all your money too quickly.
D. Even though you need to plan your trip to America carefully, you don’t spend all your money too quickly.
8. Richard is very wealthy. He can afford to buy almost anything he wants.
A. Although Richard is very wealthy, he can afford to buy almost anything he wants.
B. Richard is so wealthy that he can afford to buy almost anything he wants.
C. Richard is very wealthy so that he can afford to buy almost anything he wants.
D. Richard can afford to buy almost anything he wants, but he is very wealthy.
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. D
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences
1. Because Hoa was born in Doc So craft village, she knows the process of making pottery.
2. I wanted to leave early as I wasn’t enjoying the party.
3. Although I attended a knitting workshop last Sunday, I don’t know how to knit a scarf.
4. The artisan moulded the cooper so that I could make a bronze drum
5. Before you want to knit a hat for your friend, you should watch tutorials on YouTube
6. While I was cleaning out my cupboards, I found these photos.
7. I told the absolute truth, but no one would believe me
8. I’m learning Japanese and I like it.
Exercise 3: Mark the letter a, b, c or d to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B
........
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