MỆNH ĐỀ DANH TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
(NOUN CLAUSE)
A. LÝ THUYẾT
1. Định nghĩa
- Mệnh đề danh từ là mệnh đề đóng vai trò như một danh từ trong câu. Nó có vai trò như một danh từ
- Câu chứa mệnh đề thường là những câu phức
- Mệnh đề danh từ thường bắt đầu bằng if, whether hoặc các từ để hỏi như when, what, whom, who, where, which, why, how, whose hoặc that.
2. Cấu trúc và chức năng
Vì nó đóng vai trò như là danh từ trong câu nên danh từ có những chức năng nào thì mệnh đề danh từ cũng có những chức năng đó.
2.1 Mệnh đề danh từ làm chủ ngữ trong câu
- Cấu trúc:
Where/ when/ why/ what/ that…+ S+ V + V/to be
- Ví dụ: Where I will travel is very peaceful and beautiful.
(Nơi tôi sắp đi du lịch rất yên bình và đẹp).
What she bought was cheap.
(Cái mà cô ấy mua thì rẻ).
2.2 Mệnh đề danh từ làm tân ngữ sau động từ
- Cấu trúc:
S + V + what/ where/ when/ why/ that……+ S+ V/ to be
- Ví dụ: I did what I thought.
(Tôi đã làm cái mà tôi nghĩ).
I don’t know why he break up me.
(Tôi không hiểu tại sao anh ấy lại chia tay tôi).
2.3 Mệnh đề danh từ làm tân ngữ sau giới từ
- Cấu trúc:
S + V/to be (+ adj)+ preposition + where/ what/ when/ why/ that….+ S + V
- Ví dụ: Don’t give up what you want to do.
(Đừng bỏ cái mà mà bạn muốn làm).
I will pick up who will be my boss.
(Tôi sẽ đến đón người sẽ là sếp của tôi).
2.4 Mệnh đề đóng vai trò bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ
- Cấu trúc:
S + to be + what/ where/ when/ why/ that….+ S + V
- Ví dụ: My home is where I love the most.
(Nhà là nơi tôi yêu thích nhất).
Happiness is when I have you.
(Hạnh phúc là khi tôi có bạn).
2.5 Mệnh đề đóng vai trò bổ nghĩa cho tính từ
- Cấu trúc:
S + to be + adj + that + S + V
- Ví dụ: I’m happy that you don’t forget me.
(Tôi hạnh phúc vì bạn không quên tôi).
3. Cách thành lập mệnh đề danh từ
- Chuyển câu trần thuật sang mệnh đề danh từ, dùng “that”.
Ví dụ: That he talks to you doesn’t mean he love you.
(Việc anh ấy nói chuyện với bạn không có nghĩa là anh ấy yêu bạn).
- Chuyển câu hỏi nghi vấn (Yes/ No) sang mệnh đề danh từ thì cần dùng if hoặc whether.
Ví dụ: Whether I leave or stay doesn’t involve you.
(Việc tôi đi hay ở lại không liên quan đến bạn).
- Chuyển câu hỏi dùng từ để hỏi sang câu trần thuật.
Ví dụ: She asked me how I drive.
(Cô ấy hỏi tôi rằng tôi đã lái xe như thế nào).
4. Rút gọn mệnh đề danh từ
Mệnh đề danh từ có thể được rút gọn khi:
- Mệnh đề danh từ đứng ở vị trí tân ngữ
- Mệnh đề danh từ và mệnh đề chính có chung chủ ngữ. Khi đó, mệnh đề danh ngữ được rút gọn thành dạng:
S + V +what/ where/ when… + to V
Ví dụ: I don’t think where I travel is Hoi An.
=> I don’t think where to travel is Hoi An.
(Tôi không nghĩ nơi mình đi du lịch là Hội An).
B. VÍ DỤ
Chọn đáp án đúng:
1. _____ becoming extinct is of great concern to zoologists.
a. that giant pandas are b. are giant pandas c. giant pandas are d. giant panda's
2. "I'm looking for the mail. Do you know_____?"
"Usually it comes by 4:00"
a. when it will arrive b. when it does arrive c. when does it arrive d. when will it arrive
3. "Could you help me for a while?"
"Sure. Tell me what_____ me to do"
a. you want b. want c. do you want d. you do want
4. _____is a question scientists have yet to answer.
a. How many moons does Pluto have b. How many moons Pluto has
c. Pluto has how many moons d. Pluto's moons number
5. Because of the rain, people are calling to ask_____ take place.
a. whether the parade will b. if or not the parade will
c. the parade will d. will the parade
6. Scientists are attempting to find out_____ there is life on other planets.
a. if or not b. whether if c. whether or not d. whether not
7. "Look at the new dress I bought".
"How_____ such an expensive dress?".
a. did you afford b. you afforded c. afforded you d. did afford you
8. "I haven’t seen you for a long time".
"How_____ such an expensive dress?"
a. that your name was b. what was your name
c. who your name was d. what your name was
9. _____ in large quantities is not necessarily an indication of its quality.
a. A product is sold b. It is a product sold
c. That a product is sold d. A product sells
10. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware_____ she had gone.
a. where that b. of where c. of the place d. the place
ĐÁP ÁN
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. C
10.B
C. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
PHẦN 1
Bài 1: Rút gọn mệnh đề danh ngữ
1. Do you agree that you will be in charge of this project?
2. I hope that I get this job so I can start making some money.
3. I’m tired today, so in class, I’m going to pretend that I am doing my assignment.
4. Jane asked me if I could help her with her homework.
5. Megan thought that she could attend the concert without buying a ticket in advance.
6. My boss suggests that I take some Spanish classes to prepare me for my business trip.
7. My doctor recommended that I stay in bed and drink lots of water.
8. My mom didn’t mention that she was mad at me for coming home late.
9. Ralph admits that I am a better driver than he is.
10. We don’t know what we think about your decision to move to France.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. Do you agree to be in charge of this project?
2. I hope to get this job so I can start making some money.
3. I’m tired today, so in class, I’m going to pretend to be doing my assignment.
4. Jane asked me to help her with her homework.
5. Megan thought to attend the concert without buying a ticket in advance.
6. My boss told me to take some Spanish classes to prepare me for my business trip.
7. My doctor told me to stay in bed and drink lots of water.
8. My mom didn’t mention being mad at me for coming home late.
9. Ralph admits being a worse driver than I am.
10. We don’t know what to think about your decision to move to France.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu đã rút gọn mệnh đề danh ngữ thành câu đầy đủ
1. Jenny didn’t know what to do about her expired driver’s license.
2. Lisa mentioned going to the beach after lunch.
3. Mom asked me to clean my room.
4. My doctor recommends eating less fat and salt.
5. She pretended to be happy about the news.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. Jenny didn’t know what she should do about her expired driver’s license.
2. Lisa mentioned that she went to the beach after lunch.
3. Mom told me that I should clean my room.
4. My doctor recommends that I should eat less fat and salt.
5. She pretended that she was happy about the news.
PHẦN 2
Bài tập 1:
1. My friend,Jack,(that, who, whose) parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.
2. Here’s the computer program (that, whom, whose) I told you about.
3. I don’t believe the story (that, who, whom) she told us.
4. Peter comes from Witney,(that, who, which) is near Oxford.
5. This is the gun with (that, whom, which) the murder was committed.
6. Is this the person ( who, which, whose) you asked me about.
7. Have you received the parcel (whom, whose, which) we sent you?
8. I don’t like people (who, whom, whose) never stops talking.
9. The meal,(that, which, whose) wasn’t very tasty, was expensive.
10. We didn’t enjoy the play ( that, who, whose) we went to see.
Bài tập 2: A That-clause is frequently used with “the fact”. Combine the sentences using “the fact that” to introduce a noun clause.
1. Ann was late. That didn’t surprise me.
=> The fact that Ann was late didn’t surprise me.
2. Rosa didn’t come. That made me angry.
=> ———————————————————————–
3. I’m a little tired. I feel fine except for that.
=> ———————————————————————–
4. Natasha didn’t pass the entrance examination. She was not admitted to the university due to that.
=> ———————————————————————–
5. Many people in the world live in intolerable poverty. That must concern all of us.
=> ———————————————————————–
6. Sarasuk is frequently absent from class. That indicates his lack of interest in school.
=> ———————————————————————–
7. I was supposed to bring my passport to the examination for identification. I was not aware of that.
=> ———————————————————————–
8. The people of the town were given no warning of the approaching tornado. Due to that, there were many casualties.
=> ———————————————————————–
Bài tập 3: Create sentences with the same meaning by using infinitives.
1. He told me when I should come.
=> ———————————————————————–
2. The plumber told me how I could fix the leak in the sink.
=> ———————————————————————–
3. Please tell me where I should meet you.
=> ———————————————————————–
4. Don had an elaborate excuse for being late for their date, but Sandy didn’t know whether she should believe him or not.
=> ———————————————————————–
5. Jim found two shirts he liked but he had trouble deciding which one he should buy.
=> ———————————————————————–
6. I’ve done everything I can think of to help Andy get his life straighten out. I don’t know what else I can do.
=> ———————————————————————–
Bài 4: Phần gạch chân đóng vai trò là:
1. How governments are fighting economic crisis is being scrutinized by the media.
a. Chủ ngữ b. Tân ngữ cho động từ
c. Tân ngữ cho giới từ d. Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ
2. Most people believe that obesity cannot be reduced just by reducing calorie intake.
a. Tân ngữ cho động từ b. Tân ngữ cho giới từ
c. Bổ ngữ cho tính từ d. Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ
3. It is important that the individuals do everything they can to help educate their children.
a. Bổ ngữ cho động từ b. Tân ngữ cho giới từ
c. Bổ ngữ cho tính từ d. Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ
4. You should consider the question of when to submit your application.
a. Tân ngữ cho động từ b. Tân ngữ cho giới từ
c. Bổ ngữ cho tính từ d. Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ
5. The main point of the speech is why people should do the morning exercise.
a. Chủ ngữ b. Tân ngữ cho giới từ
c. Bổ ngữ cho tính từ d. Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ
Lựa chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống:
6. I do not believe___ it is necessary to exploit animals for our own satisfaction.
a. that b. when
c. why d. which
7. It ____ that the effects of global warning will cause significant changes in sea levels.
a. were believed b. is believed
c. believes d. is believing
8. I’m not sure if it’s true, but people are saying___ Tom is going to transfer to anther school next term.
a. what b. that
c. where d. how
9. Julie didn’t know what____ about her poor grades.
a. to do b. she could
c. could do d. do
10. It is important____ to elect a leader immediately.
a. for b. you are
c. you d. for you
11. The problem was that I ___ the requirements, so I wasn’t able to help you
until I found them.
a. didn’t know b. don’t know
c. won’t know d. to know
12. She couldn’t be sure____ us at home.
a. when to visit b. when to might visit
c. when visit d. when she visit
13. I don’t know_____.
a. how myself stand out
b. how to make myself stand out
c. how make myself stand out
d. how to be stand out
14. ___was important.
a. That the peace treaty signed
b. The peace treaty signed
c. The signed of the peace treaty
d. The signing of the peace treaty
Bài 5: Change the question in parentheses to a noun clause
1. (how old is he?)
I don’t know —————————————-
2. (What was he talking about?)
—————————————- was interesting.
3. (Where do you live?)
Please tell me —————————————-
4. (What did he say)
—————————————- wasn’t true.
5. (When are they coming?)
Do you know —————————————-
6. (How much does it cost?)
I can’t remember —————————————-
7. (Which one does he want?)
Let’s ask him —————————————-
8. (Who is coming to the party?)
I don’t know —————————————-
9. (Why did they leave the country?)
—————————————- is a secret.
10. (Where did she go?)
—————————————- is not your business.
11. (how many letters are there in the English alphabet?)
I don’t remember —————————————-
12. (Who is the mayor of New York city?)
I don’t know —————————————-
13. (How old does a person have to be to get a driver’s license?)
I need to find out —————————————-
14. (who opened the door?)
I don’t know —————————————-
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1
1. whose
2. that
3. that
4. which
5. which
6. who
7. which
8. who
9. which
10. that
Bài 2
1. the fact that rosa didn’t come made me angry.
2. I feel fine except for the fact that i’m a little tired.
3. Natasha was not admitted to the university due to the fact that she didn’t pass the entrance examination.
4. The fact that many people in the world live in intolerable poverty must concern all of us.
5. The fact that sarasuk is frequently absent from class indicates his lack of interest in school.
6. I was not aware of the fact that i was supposed to bring my passport to the examination for identification.
7. Due to the fact that the people of the town were given no warning o the approaching tornado, there were many casualties
Bài 3
1. He told me when to come.
2. The plumber told me how to fix the leak in the sink.
3. Please tell me where to meet you.
4. Sandy didn’t know whether to believe don or not.
5. Jim found two shirts he liked but he had trouble deciding which one to buy.
6. I don’t know what else to do to help andy get his life straighten out.
Bài 4
| 1 | a | 6 | a | 11 | a |
| 2 | a | 7 | b | 12 | a |
| 3 | c | 8 | b | 13 | b |
| 4 | b | 9 | a | 14 | d |
| 5 | d | 10 | d |
Bài 5
1. I don’t know how old he is.
2. what he was talking about was interesting.
3. Please tell me where you live.
4. what he said wasn’t true.
5. Do you know when they are coming?
6. I can’t remember how much it costs)
7. Let’s ask him which one he wants?
8. I don’t know who is coming to the party.
9. why they left the country is a secret.
10. where she went is not your business.
11. I don’t remember how many letters there are in the english alphabet.
12. I don’t know who is the mayor of new york city.
13. I need to find out how old a person has to be to get a driver’s license
14. I don’t know who opened the door.
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