Bộ 5 đề ôn tập hè Tiếng Anh 12 năm 2021 Trường THPT Trưng Vương

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ĐỀ ÔN TẬP HÈ NĂM HỌC 2020-2021 MÔN: TIẾNG ANH 12 (Thời gian làm bài: 45 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề)

Exercise 1: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A. candy	B. sandy	C. many	D. handy
2. A. distinguished	B. result	C. generosity	D. respectable
3. A. prosthetic	B. reputation	C. dedication	D. respectable

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

1. A. generosity	B. hospitality	C. encyclopedia	D. creativity
2. A. capital	B. construction	C. announcement	D. eventful

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. Her range of media enterprises has made Oprah one of the richest ____ women.

A. ready-made

B. self-made

C. tailor-made

D. independent-made

2. Tran Hung Dao was a great ____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them.

A. strategy

B. strategist

C. soldier

D. king

3. Bill Gates was ____ middle child of William H. Gates II, ____ prominent Seattle Lawyer, and Mary Gates, who worked as teacher before she had children.

A. the / a / a

B. a / a / a

C. the / the / a

D. the / the / the

4. Michael Porter has ____ as the strategic adviser to many successful U.S. companies and other international companies.

A. served

B. employed

C. described

D. appointed

5. Gia Long had to ____ many difficulties in his early life, as he became the target of rival groups attempting to wipe out the Nguyen clan completely

A. deal

B. cope

C. encounter

D. surpass

6. George VI ____ royal duties such as representing his father at coalmines, factories, and rail yards.

A. paid off

B. got over

C. gave in

D. took up

7. Peter is an artist himself and has some of his own very interesting ____ on sale in the shop.

A. create

B. creators

C. creations

D. creativity

8. We must continually evaluate the ____ of each change on the product as a whole.

A. performing

B. possibility

C. impact

D. affect

9. She is a ____ example of what people with disabilities can achieve.

A. shining

B. brightening

C. glamorous

D. gloomy

10. A year into his presidency, Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2009) ____ his promise to promote world peace.

A. about

B. for

C. with

D. on

Exercise 4: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. She idolizes her artist mother, Ingrid, who is as strong and dangerous as she is beautiful.

A. impresses

B. detests

C. worships

D. hates

2. He was by nature a reserved man but not a cold one.

A. shy

B. easygoing

C. sociable

D. lavish

3. They all encouraged my creativity and inspired me in many ways.

A. overlooked

B. motivated

C. rejected

D. disappointed

Exercise 5: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. Jose had a hard time comparing the iPhone to the Samsung phone because to him they were apples and oranges.

A. containing too many technical details

B. very similar

C. completely different

D. very complicated

2. Rich, worldly and sophisticated, he could have been the ideal husband for Gwendolyn but feels compelled to crush her independent spirit and mold her into his perfect wife.

A. elegant

B. naive

C. knowledgeable

D. worldly-wise

Exercise 6: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question

Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant physicist Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter, energy and gravity. Einstein's work led to such scientific advances as the control of atomic energy, even television as a practical application of Einstein's work.

In 1902 Einstein became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five major research papers. The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension. The second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper contained the "special theory of relativity" which showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe. The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E = m(cc), known as the energy mass equivalence. In 1916, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space-time continuum, created by the presence of mass.

Einstein spoke out frequently against nationalism, the exalting of one nation above all others. He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they denounced his ideas. He then moved to the United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to President Franklind. Roosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb. He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research.

1. According to the passage I, Einstein's primary work was in the area of ____.

A. chemistry

B. biology

C. physics

D. math

2. Which of the following inventions is mentioned in the passage as a practical application of Einstein's discoveries?

A. Radio

B. Television

C. Automobiles

D. Computer

3. According to the passage, Einstein supported all of the following except ____.

A. nationalism

B. the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine

C. atomic bomb research in the United States

D. the defeat of the Nazis

4. According to the passage in which country did Einstein live in 1930s?

A. Switzerland

B. the United States

C. Germany

D. Israel

5. The word "exalting" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.

A. criticism

B. elimination

C. support

D. elevation

6. It is clear from the tone of the passage that the author feels ____.

A. Einstein's work in physics was somewhat tarnished by his conservative political views.

B. Einstein's work in physics, though theoretically impressive, led to few practical applications.

C. Albert Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history.

D. Einstein's theories have been consistently proven incorrect.

7. According to Einstein, light is composed of separate packets of energy called ____.

A. electrons

B. photoelectrons

C. gamma rays

D. quanta

Exercise 7: Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

1. Only their own mother can tell Simon and Mike apart.

A. No one other than their own mother can separate Simon and Mike.

B. Simon and Mike bear some resemblance to each other.

C. It's very difficult to distinguish Simon and Mike.

D. Except for their own mother, no one can talk to Simon and Mike.

2. We have been friends for years. It is quite easy to share secrets between us.

A. Being friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets.

B. We find it quite easy to share secrets, being friends for years.

C. We have been friends so that it is quite easy to share secrets between us.

D. Having been friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets between us.

3. Those who are riding a motorbike are not allowed to take off their helmet.

A. People must never take their helmet off while they are riding a motorbike.

B. Those who are wearing a helmet are not allowed to ride a motorbike.

C. It is the helmet that one needn't wear when he is riding a motorbike.

D. You should not wear a helmet when you are riding a motorbike

-The end-

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. C

2. B

3. D

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

1. C

2. A

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. B	2. B	3. A	4. A	5. C
6. D	7. C	8. C	9. A	10. B

Exercise 4: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. C

2. A

3. B

Exercise 5: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. B

2. B

Exercise 6: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question

1. C	2. B	3. A	4. B
5. D	6. C	7. D

Exercise 7: Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

1. C

2. D

3. A

Exercise 1: Choose the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A. prestige	B. connect	C. harvest	D. congestion
2. A. navigate	B. necessitate	C. inadequate	D. debate
3. A. bargain	B. campaign	C. ascertain	D. complain

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. transformation	B. urbanization	C. revolution	D. population
2. A. miserable	B. infrastructure	C. amenity	D. necessary

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1. He insisted that the new baby (name) ______________ after grandfather.

2. The student requested that the test (postpone) ______________, but the instructor is opposed to a postponement.

3. It is essential that pollution (control) ______________ and eventually (eliminate) ______________ .

4. The film director insisted that everything about his production (be) ______________ authentic.

5. The govern proposed that a new highway (build) ______________ .

Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences

1. There has been a rapid ______________ of rural people to urban areas for jobs and better living. MIGRATE

2. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk for poverty and ________. STABLE

3. Some people worry that the city has become ________. POPULATE

4. The disease is common in developing countries lacking adequate sewage and sanitation __________. FACILITATE

5. Urban _________ must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production. DWELL

Exercise 5: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. I requested that first-year students ____ to change their courses in the first two weeks.

A. would be permitted

B. be permitted

C. were permitted

D. are permitted

2. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government is planning entire new cities in ____ of large new urban populations.

A. expectation

B. anticipation

C. danger

D. view

3. The rapid ____ of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places.

A. increase

B. rushes

C. inflows

D. poverty

4. Slums are urban areas that are ____ populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions.

A. thinly

B. thickly

C. crowdedly

D. heavily

5. Access to education, health, social services and cultural activities is more ____ available to people in cities than in villages.

A. readily

B. willingly

C. extremely

D. comparatively

6. It's important that they ____ to take her medicine twice a day.

A. remember

B. remembering

C. to remember

D. remembers

7. The monk insisted that the tourists ____ the temple until they had removed their shoes.

A. not entering

B. not to enter

C. not enter

D. don't enter

8. Overpopulation in urban areas tends to create unfavorable conditions, which may result in ____ of food in developing countries,

A. damages

B. failures

C. shortage

D. supplies

Exercise 6: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

1. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly exacerbated by a huge volume of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater.

A. added

B. decreased

C. reduced

D. aggravated

2. A smart sustainable city will meet the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects.

A. in addition to

B. according to

C. with regard to

D. with a view to

Exercise 7: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

1. Urbanization has many adverse effects on the structure of society as gigantic concentrations of people compete for limited resources.

A. favorable

B. disadvantageous

C. unlucky

D. unpropitious

2. Most of the world's largest cities are considerably smaller by the year 2000 than had been expected.

A. substantially

B. slightly

C. significantly

D. greatly

Exercise 8: Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges

1. Mrs. Smith and her students are visiting the zoo.

Mike. "Can I feed the gorilla, Mrs. Smith?" – Mrs. Smith. “____. The sign says 'No feeding the animals'.”

A. Of course you can

B. I don't think it works.

C. I'm sure about that.

D. I'm afraid not

2. Tom: "I'm sorry, I won't be able to come". - Mary: “____.”

A. Great!

B. Oh, that's annoying

C. Well, never mind

D. Sounds likes fun

3. Tom: "Can you make it at 3 p.m on Friday for our meeting?" - Tony: “____”

A. OK, that's fine.

B. That's not true. I met him three days ago.

C. Very well, thanks.

D. You have a point there, but I don't think so.

Exercise 9: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question

Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from high population density, or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources. Only a certain number of people can be supported on a given area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can provide. In countries where people live primarily by means of simple farming, gardening, herding, hunting and gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labor-intensive subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food.

In developed countries such as the United States, Japan and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally is not considered a major cause of poverty. These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized farming, which depends on commercial fertilizers, large-scale irrigation and agricultural machinery. This form of production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas.

A country's level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity. Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world's highest population densities, with 1,147 persons per sq. km. A large majority of the people of Bangladesh engage in low-productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country's extremely high level of poverty. Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, have high population densities as well. These countries practice mechanized farming and are involved in high-tech industries, however, and therefore have high standards of living.

At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have population densities of less than 30 persons per sq. km. Many people in these countries practice manual subsistence farming; these countries also have infertile land, and lack the economic resources and technology to boost productivity. As a consequence, these nations are very poor. The United States has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity, it is one of the world's wealthiest nations.

High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries. Children are assets to many poor families because they provide labor, usually for farming. Cultural norms in traditionally rural societies commonly sanction the value of large families. Also, the governments of developing countries often provide little or no support, financial or political, for family planning; even people who wish to keep their families small have difficulty doing so. For all these reasons, developing countries tend to have high rates of population growth.

1. Which of the following is given a definition in paragraph 1?

A. Poverty

B. Simple farming

C. Overpopulation

D. Population density

2. What will suffer when there are excessively high population densities?

A. Farming methods

B. Skilled labor

C. Land area

D. Available resources

3. The phrase "that number" in paragraph 1 refers to the number of ____.

A. densities

B. countries

C. people

D. resources

4. In certain countries, large areas of land can only yield small amounts of food because ____.

A. there is an abundance of resources

B. there is no shortage of skilled labor

C. there is lack of mechanization

D. there are small numbers of laborers

5. Bangladesh is a country where the level of poverty depends greatly on ____.

A. population density in metropolitan areas

B. its population density only

C. its high agricultural productivity

D. both population density and agricultural productivity

6. The phrase "engage in" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. look into

B. give up

C. escape from

D. participate in

7. The word "infertile" in paragraph 4 probably means ____.

A. impossible

B. unproductive

C. inaccessible

D. disused

8. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. All small countries in Western Europe have high population densities.

B. In certain developed countries, mechanized farming is applied.

C. In sub-Saharan African countries, productivity is boosted by technology.

D. There is no connection between a country's culture and overpopulation.

9. Which of the following is a contributor to overpopulation in many developing countries?

A. High birth rates

B. High-tech facilities

C. Sufficient financial support

D. Economic resources

10. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A. Overpopulation: A Worldwide Problem

B. High Birth Rate and its Consequences

C. Poverty in Developing countries

D. Overpopulation: A Cause of Poverty

Exercise 10: Rewrite the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences

1. While I don't like her mean manners at times, I will still help her out this time.

_____________________________________________________________

2. You'll have to get your car serviced before you go on that long trip to the South

_____________________________________________________________

3. I spent the whole evening trying to figure out what he meant in the talk earlier that morning.

_____________________________________________________________

-The end-

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1: Choose the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. C

2. C

3. A

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. B

2. C

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1. He insisted that the new baby (name) ______be named________ after grandfather.

2. The student requested that the test (postpone) ______be postponed________, but the instructor is opposed to a postponement.

3. It is essential that pollution (control) _______be controlled_______ and eventually (eliminate) ______be eliminated________.

4. The film director insisted that everything about his production (be) ______be________ authentic.

5. The govern proposed that a new highway (build) ______be built________ .

Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences

1. There has been a rapid _______migration_______ of rural people to urban areas for jobs and better living. MIGRATE

2. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk for poverty and ____instability____. STABLE

3. Some people worry that the city has become ____overpopulated____. POPULATE

4. The disease is common in developing countries lacking adequate sewage and sanitation ____facilities______. FACILITATE

5. Urban ____dwellers___ must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production. DWELL

Exercise 5: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. B	2. B	3. C	4. D
5. A	6. A	7. C	8. C

Exercise 6: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

1. D

2. C

Exercise 7: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

1. A

2. B

Exercise 8: Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges

1. D

2. C

3. A

Exercise 9: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question

1. C	2. D	3. C	4. C	5. D
6. D	7. B	8. B	9. A	10. D

Exercise 10: Rewrite the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences

1. Despite my not liking her mean manners at times, I will still help her out this time.

2. Your car will need servicing before you go on that long trip to the South.

3. It took me the whole evening to try to figure out what he meant in the talk earlier that morning.

Exercise 1: Choose the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. illegal	B. climatic	C. benefit	D. bioclimatic
2. A. arrested	B. estimated	C. claimed	D. penetrated
3. A. revolution	B. election	C. interrogation	D. question

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. attitude	B. infamously	C. geneticist	D. socialist
2. A. difficult	B. simplicity	C. discovery	D. commodity
3. A. interview	B. essential	C. comfortable	D. industry

Exercise 3: Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences

Contaminants

derived

energy

hydrogen

survival

1. The sun is a powerful ________ source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels.

2. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human _________.

3. ______ are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume reduction and storage.

4. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of __________ as an alternative energy source.

5. The term "plastic" is ________ from the Greek word "plastikos", meaning fit for moulding.

Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences

1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can ________ reduce cooling bills. SIGNIFICANT

2. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees for many years in their native ________ in Africa. HABITATION

3. Do you know the oldest type of ________ energy is the biomass that is derived from plant matter? SUSTAIN

4. Nick left the house and strolled down the ______ to the garden. PATH

5. We buy _______ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think it's better for our health. ORGAN

Exercise 5: Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank.

1. Without action, the impacts of climate change _______________ (threaten) to catastrophically damage our world.

2. The importance of individual energy sources and options for power generation are changing, as are the ways in which electricity is ________________ (transmit) and distributed.

3. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal ecosystems, and that the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth ____________ (take).

4. Many key economic sectors - from ______________ (fish) to energy to water utilities - will feel long-term impacts of climate change.

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer

1. Too many products come in ____ packaging, and it's so wasteful!

A. disposed

B. disposing

C. disposable

D. disposal

2. China, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other nations of Asia and the Pacific are making substantial commitments to ____ their natural resources.

A. replace

B. conserving

C. conservation

D. be conserved

3. ____ any ice, there is nowhere for the bears to stalk their prey.

A. Despite

B. Without

C. In addition to

D. Apart from

4. Many native plants have been seriously ____ by the introduction of exotic plants which are taking over.

A. depleted

B. caused

C. disposed

D. fulfill

5. ____ these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned.

A. Both of

B. Neither of

C. Because of

D. On account of

6. Mammals, ____ are warm-blooded, meaning that they generate their own body heat and are thus more tolerant of temperature extremes.

A. On the other hand

B. In contrast

C. In short

D. In conclusion

7. Water ______ is essential during the summer months

A. depletion

B. conservation

C. purification

D. pathway

8. There was no food in the refrigerator, so she had to visit the grocery store to ________ their supply.

A. replace

B. make full

C. fulfill

D. replenish

9. You should _________ your car with petrol before starting on a journey.

A. deal

B. supply

C. replenish

D. offer

10. The continued _____________ of our ozone may cause terrible destruction to our planet

A. redundancy

B. removal

C. change

D. depletion

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer to complete the passage.

INTERFERING WITH NATURE

Climate change is caused by the (1) ____ high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. It is estimated that average global temperatures will rise (2) ____ between two and six degrees by the end of this century. We all know the effects could be catastrophic, but are we (3) ____ of the possible solutions?

Crazy as it sounds, a group of academics from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, that would pump (4) ____ quantities of toxic chemicals, such as Sulphur dioxide, into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, there is good science behind the idea. The chemicals would form a (5) ____ layer around the Earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption.

1. A. absolutely	B. extremely	C. interestingly	D. repeatedly
2. A. by	B. with	C. for	D. in
3. A. able	B. capable	C. aware	D. fond
4. A. great	B. enormous	C. extreme	D. absolute
5. A. protecting	B. protected	C. protective	D. protection

Exercise 8: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

DESERTIFICATION

Desertification is the degradation of once-productive land into unproductive or poorly productive land. Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000 years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual desertification in virtually every area of the world.

It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts. Although drought does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, even in arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges of deserts. In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor land management is practiced. Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones between deserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these fragile marginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable.

Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands by depleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil. Grazing is especially destructive to land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammals also trample the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion. It takes about 500 years for the earth to build up 3 centimeters of topsoil. However, cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as 2 to 3 centimeters of topsoil every 25 years - 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature.

Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the same content of the soil. This usually occurs as a result of improper irrigation practices. The greatest Mesopotamian empires-Sumer, Akkad and Babylon- were built on the surplus of the enormously productive soil of the ancient Tigris- Euphrates alluvial plain. After nearly a thousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was in evident decline. In response, around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris Euphrates canal system to irrigate the exhausted soil. A temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over-irrigation was to have serious and unforeseen consequences. From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumerian documents referring to salinization as a soil problem. It is believed that the fall of the Akkadian Empire around 2150 BC may have been due to a catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soil was literally turned into salt. Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hard fields of snow.

Soil erosion is another form of desertification. It is a self-reinforcing process, once the cycle of degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration. As the vegetative cover begins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact. Water runs off instead of soaking in to provide moisture for plans. This further diminishes plan cover by leaching away nutrients from the soil. As soil quality declines and runoff is increased, floods become more frequent and more severe. Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich, uppermost layer of the earth's soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to wind erosion. Topsoil contains the earth's greatest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms, and is where most of the earth's land-based biological activity occurs. Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist. An extreme case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African rain forests, home to some 56 million people. Overpopulation and overgrazing have opened the hyperarid land to wind erosion, which is stripping away the protective margin of the Sahel, and causing the desert to grow at an alarming rate. Between 1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100 kilometers southward through the Sahel.

1. Which of the following statement is true about desertification?

A. It has a history as long as that of civilization

B. It was just as serious in the past as it is today.

C. It is a fairy recent problem.

D. Ancient societies managed the problem well.

2. The word "arable" in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ____.

A. cultivate B. dry C. settled D. populated

3. According to the passage, many people's understanding of desertification is incorrect because ____.

A. they do not think of it as a serious problem

B. they see it as being reversible

C. they do not see it as being caused by human activity

D. they think of it as a very slow process

4. According to the passage, agriculture further desertification through which the following activities ____.

A. The repetitive planting of the same crop B. Irrigation

C. The stripping away of native vegetation D. Over fertilization

5. Paragraph 4 of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following ____.

A Show the progress of desertification down through history

B. Propose a method for dealing with the desertification problem

C. Describe one progress that leads to desertification

D. Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area

Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. Alex is very hard-working, yet he will never get promoted by his mean boss.

________________________________________________________________

2. If Ivan comes home late from the party tonight, give him a pair of keys.

________________________________________________________________

3. I dislike it when Carlos keeps going at me for such trivial mistakes.

________________________________________________________________

4. I am going to the Chinese class this morning, come rain or shine.

________________________________________________________________

5. The realization that he had been lying to me about his job all along came much later.

________________________________________________________________

-The end-

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1: Choose the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. B

2. C

3. D

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A

2. A

3. B

Exercise 3: Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences

1. The sun is a powerful ____energy____ source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels.

2. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human _____ survival ____.

3. ___ Contaminants ___ are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume reduction and storage.

4. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of _____hydrogen_____ as an alternative energy source.

5. The term "plastic" is _____ derived ___ from the Greek word "plastikos", meaning fit for moulding.

Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences

1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can ____significantly____ reduce cooling bills. SIGNIFICANT

2. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees for many years in their native ____habitat____ in Africa. HABITATION

3. Do you know the oldest type of ____sustainable____ energy is the biomass that is derived from plant matter? SUSTAIN

4. Nick left the house and strolled down the ___pathway___ to the garden. PATH

5. We buy ____organic___ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think it's better for our health. ORGAN

Exercise 5: Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank.

1. Without action, the impacts of climate change _________ threaten ______ (threaten) to catastrophically damage our world.

2. The importance of individual energy sources and options for power generation are changing, as are the ways in which electricity is _______ transmitted_________ (transmit) and distributed.

3. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal ecosystems, and that the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth ______taking______ (take).

4. Many key economic sectors - from _______fishing_______ (fish) to energy to water utilities - will feel long-term impacts of climate change.

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer

1. C	2. B	3. B	4. A	5. B
6. A	7. B	8. D	9. C	10. D

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer to complete the passage.

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. C

Exercise 8: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

1. A

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. C

Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. Hard-working as Alex is, he will never get promoted by his mean boss.

2. In case Ivan comes home late from the party tonight, give him a pair of keys.

3. I object to Carlos keeping going at me for such trivial mistakes.

4. Whether it rains or shines, I am going to the Chinese class this morning.

5. Only much later did I realize that he had been lying to me about his job all along.

Exercise 1: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A. wanted	B. booked	C. stopped	D. laughed
2. A. attitude	B. advent	C. advantage	D. mass
3. A. media	B. network	C. website	D. connect

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

1. A. headache	B. present	C. nation	D. planet
2. A. dominant	B. Internet	C. attitude	D. entertain

Exercise 3: Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences

censore

refer

download

broadcast

show

1. I ___________ a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy?

2. They _________ the film before showing it on TV.

3. The BBC World Service ___________throughout the world.

4. The term the mass media in English ________ basically to TV, radio and newspapers.

5. They're ___________ a good film on TV tonight.

Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. The lessons provides by Duolingo are designed to increase in difficulty as the user __________.

A. continues

B. moves forward

C. progresses

D. goes forward

2. Have you any comment to ____ about the cause of the disaster?

A. make

B. complain

C. show

D. demonstrate

3. The ____ of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.

A. total

B. sum

C. amount

D. average

4. Are you ____ trouble again?

A. doing

B. causing

C. creating

D. bringing

5. I had dinner with Sue ____.

A. last night

B. already

C. so far

D. lately

6. After you ____, it automatically connects you to all the people in your address book who also are using WhatsApp.

A. log out

B. sign up

C. start

D. access

7. Similar to the way they use Facebook, teens may ____ the "success" of their photos - even their self-worth - by the number of likes or comments they receive.

A. value

B. indicate

C. weigh

D. measure

8. I'm phoning about your advertisement for a bicycle for sale, which ____ in the local paper. ____it? Or is it still available?

A. Saw - Have you sold

B. have seen - did you sell

C. saw - did you sell

D. have seen - have you sold

Exercise 5: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. Media plays a significant role in keeping everyone updated about the various events around the world.

A. informed

B. disinterested

C. indifferent

D. reluctant

2. Cyber-bullying is commonplace online, causes emotional trauma, and sometimes even leads to suicide.

A. stimulation

B. motivation

C. disorder

D. excitement

3. Children addicted to computers are being sent on camping holidays designed to help them kick the habit.

A. dependent on

B. hooked on

C. indifferent to

D. exhausted by

Exercise 6: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. Excessive amounts of time at a computer can contribute to obesity, undeveloped social skills and a form of addictive behavior.

A. over the top

B. a bit much

C. unrestrained

D. limited

2. Newspapers enjoyed the position of the most preferred medium to reach a wider audience until electronic communication emerged on the media scene.

A. turned up

B. came into view

C. came out

D. disappeared

3. Studies show that bullying can greatly impact a child's life and have long-lasting negative effects.

A. durable

B. short-lived

C. permanent

D. lifelong

Exercise 7: Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

worth	sources	physical	delivered	contents
information	publications	drawbacks	convey	subscriptions

As printed media begin to lose their dominance as a way to (1) _________ information to the world, electronic media have stepped up and taken their place. Many people no longer read newspapers or magazines in their traditional paper forms, but they still do read. The (2) ________ delivery system is what has happened, may people are reading newspapers or magazines off of their smartphones, tablets, or on their computer screens. The (3) _________ of the newspapers and magazines strive to be the same, but the new way it is presented has some (4) ________ as well as benefits.

One of the biggest drawbacks about electronic newspapers and magazines is that they are often read without a subscription. As electronic media are (5) ________ instantly over the Internet, the only way that money can be made is through advertisements, as most people don't want to pay for electronic (6) ______. This has left many of the news outlets on the Internet scrambling to find (7) _________ of revenue.

Probably the greatest criticism of online newspapers and magazines is that there often isn't very much invested in the stories as they come out. Rather than serious investigative journalism, the main point of many online (8) ________ is merely to attract page views so that the advertisers on those pages must pay a small fee. In the age of (9) ____ information ____, finding the information (10) ________ learning becomes the hardest task of all.

Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. I am determined to put in for that certificate for all that volunteer work I've done for this event though it seems hard.

________________________________________________________

2. It's more than 2 years since anyone heard of Julia.

________________________________________________________

3. We were taken aback by her incredible memory, we couldn't give her the first prize.

________________________________________________________

4. The last time Peter came here was in 2000.

________________________________________________________

5. I haven't been to an Australian restaurant for ages.

________________________________________________________

-The end-

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A

2. C

3. A

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

1. B

2. D

Exercise 3: Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences

1. I _____ downloaded______ a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy?

2. They ____ censored_____ the film before showing it on TV.

3. The BBC World Service ______ broadcasts _____throughout the world.

4. The term the mass media in English _____ refers ___ basically to TV, radio and newspapers.

5. They're _____ showing______ a good film on TV tonight.

Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. C	2. A	3. D	4. B
5. A	6. B	7. D	8. A

Exercise 5: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. A

2. C

3. B

Exercise 6: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. D

2. D

3. B

Exercise 7: Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

As printed media begin to lose their dominance as a way to (1) ____ convey _____ information to the world, electronic media have stepped up and taken their place. Many people no longer read newspapers or magazines in their traditional paper forms, but they still do read. The (2) ____ physical ____ delivery system is what has happened, may people are reading newspapers or magazines off of their smartphones, tablets, or on their computer screens. The (3) ____ contents _____ of the newspapers and magazines strive to be the same, but the new way it is presented has some (4) ____ drawbacks ____ as well as benefits.

One of the biggest drawbacks about electronic newspapers and magazines is that they are often read without a subscription. As electronic media are (5) ____ delivered ____ instantly over the Internet, the only way that money can be made is through advertisements, as most people don't want to pay for electronic (6) ___ subscriptions ___. This has left many of the news outlets on the Internet scrambling to find (7) _____ sources ____ of revenue.

Probably the greatest criticism of online newspapers and magazines is that there often isn't very much invested in the stories as they come out. Rather than serious investigative journalism, the main point of many online (8) ____ publications ____ is merely to attract page views so that the advertisers on those pages must pay a small fee. In the age of (9) ____ information ____, finding the information (10) ____ worth ____ learning becomes the hardest task of all.

Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. Hard as it seems, I am determined to put in for that certificate for all that volunteer work I've done for this event.

2. Julia was last heard of 2 years ago.

3. Taken aback as we were by her incredible memory, we couldn't give her the first prize.

4. Peter hasn't been here since 2000.

5. It's ages since I went to an Australian restaurant.

Exercise 1: Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern

1. A. pressure	B. whiteboard	C. diverse	D. present
2. A. computer	B. socialize	C. diversity	D. facility
3. A. drastically	B. distinction	C. enjoyable	D. dependent

Exercise 2: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A. housework	B. vision	C. hospital	D. classroom
2. A. evaluation	B. facilitator	C. guidance	D. female
3. A. burden	B. curtain	C. turtle	D. curriculum

Exercise 3: The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank.

1. My sister works hard to ________ close friendships with the students she studied with in London. (Maintainance)

2. A nation's culture resides in the ________ and in the soul of its people. (Mahatma Gandhi). (Heart)

3. A people without the _________ of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. (Marcus garvey) (Know)

4. Many of the different ___________ groups in North America speak their own unique language. (Aborigin)

5. Jane had to _________ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job. (Assimilation)

Exercise 4: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change.

A. less

B. fewer

C. tiny

D. small

2. Match the word in A with its appropriate definition in B.

A. indirect

B. illegal

C. improper

D. unreal

3. We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being.

A. lively

B. frequented

C. accessible

D. revealed

Exercise 5: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

1. The President escaped through a secret passage underneath the parliament building.

A. answer

B. hidden

C. confidence

D. basis

2. What types of the media are the most and the least important to you?

A. successful

B. significant

C. wonderful

D. attractive

3. Television also interferes with family life and communication.

A. conflicts

B. comes

C. goes

D. chats

Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer

1. The cuisine of France is ____.

A. more famous than that of England

B. famous than the cuisine of England

C. more famous than which of England

D. as famous than that of England

2. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. ____ he becomes, he is ____.

A. The more rich/ the more happy

B. The richest/ the happiest

C. The richer/ the happier

D. Richer and richer/ happier and happier

3. Of all athletes, Alex is ____.

A. the less qualified

B. the less and less qualified

C. the more and more qualified

D. the least qualified

4. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got ____.

A. more panicked

B. the more panicked

C. more than panicked

D. more and more panicked

5. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ____.

A. more and more good

B. better and better

C. the more and more good

D. gooder and gooder

6. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ____ than usual.

A. crowded

B. more and more crowed

C. a bit crowded

D. the most crowded

7. Studies show that children who are exposed to a more ____ community are more creative and tolerant of differences, because these students learn how to resolve conflict more easily.

A. various

B. similar

C. differently

D. diverse

8. Cutting back on red meat consumption can reduce your intake of fat, sodium and sugar ____ can cause obesity, heart disease, and cancer.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. who

Exercise 7: Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank

Heritage is traditional (1) ____, customs, and culture. We sue the world "heritage" in many different ways. People talk about their family's heritage, their city's heritage, and their country's heritage.

Here are some examples of heritage. During Chinese New Year, people in Taiwan give red envelopes. That is part of Taiwanese (2) ____. Every year in the American city New Orleans, there is a huge party called Mardi Gras. That is a part of New Orleans' heritage. Heritages can also be more (3) ____ and personal. If your family has a big dinner every Sunday night, that's part of your family's heritage.

Today, heritage is changing. The Internet connects people around the world. In many ways, this is a good thing, (4) ____ we can learn about the heritage of other countries, and we can show our own heritage to the world. However, some people worry that traditional heritage is (5) ____. Think about it. In many ways, countries are becoming more and more (6) ____. In just about every country around the world, you can find MacDonald's, Nike shoes, Starbucks coffee, and American films. Some people think it is a good thing. However, almost everyone wants to protect (7) ____ traditional heritage, and sometimes this is hard. for example, when a new MacDonald's opens in your town, a traditional restaurant might have to close.

This is why heritage (8) ____ is so important. Heritage protection is a simple idea. It means (9) ____

your country's or your city's heritage alive. People do this in many ways. The biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving old buildings. (10) ____ other examples of heritage protection are making sure your children speak your traditional language, and teaching your heritage to children

The world is changing very fast. This change brings a lot of good things. But as the world is changing, it is important to remember the heritage of our parents and our grandparents.

1. A. diversities	A. celebrations	B. beliefs	C. bases
2. A. cause	B. heritage	C. origin	D. celebration
3. A. private	B. own	C. common	D. public
4. A. so	B. therefore	C. although	D. because
5. A. disappearing	B. accepting	C. requesting	D. putting
6. A. lively	B. live	C. alike	D. living
7. A. our	B. its	C. whose	D. their
8. A. instruction	B. protection	C. position	D. management
9. A. rejecting	B. taking	C. keeping	D. turning
10. A. a little	B. a few	C. many	D. some

Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. "Could I help you with the washing up?" Sophia said to her boyfriend.

__________________________________________________________

2. "I won't ever go and live in that haunted house with him." said Lana.

__________________________________________________________

3. "Don't let the child stay near the water, she might drown." Janet told me

__________________________________________________________

4. His optimism in his illness went beyond his family's expectation.

__________________________________________________________

5. "Where did you go last night? I was looking for you." said Lan to Nam.

__________________________________________________________

Exercise 9: Use double comparative to complete these following sentences.

1. She is mature, she becomes beautiful.

__________________________________________________________

2. He drinks much water, he becomes thirsty.

__________________________________________________________

3. You speak English much, your English will be good.

__________________________________________________________

4. We make much paper, it becomes cheap.

__________________________________________________________

5. Petrol becomes expensive, people drive little.

__________________________________________________________

-The end-

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1: Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern

1. C

2. B

3. A

Exercise 2: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. B

2. C

3. D

Exercise 3: The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank.

1. My sister works hard to ____maintain____ close friendships with the students she studied with in London. (Maintainance)

2. A nation's culture resides in the ____hearts____ and in the soul of its people. (Mahatma Gandhi). (Heart)

3. A people without the _____knowledge____ of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. (Marcus garvey) (Know)

4. Many of the different _____aboriginal______ groups in North America speak their own unique language. (Aborigin)

5. Jane had to _____assimilate____ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job. (Assimilation)

Exercise 4: Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. A

2. C

3. D

Exercise 5: Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

1. B

2. B

3. A

Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer

1. A	2. C	3. D	4. D
5. B	6. B	7. D	8. B

Exercise 7: Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank

1. C	2. B	3. A	4. D	5. A
6. C	7. D	8. B	9. C	10. B

Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. Sophia offered to help her boyfriend with the washing up.

2. Lana refused to go and live in that/ the haunted house with him.

3. Janet warned me not to let the child stay near the water as she might drown.

4. Never had his family expected he was so optimism in his illness/ such optimism in his illness.

5. Lan asked Nam where he had gone the night before and that she had been looking for him.

Exercise 9: Use double comparative to complete these following sentences.

1. The more mature she is, the more beautiful she becomes.

2. The more water he drinks, the thirstier he becomes.

3. The more you speak English, the better your English will be.

4. The paper we make, the cheaper it becomes.

5. The more expensive petrol becomes, the less people drive.

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