VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVISION FOR UNIT 9 TIẾNG ANH 11
UNIT 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE
PHẦN I: TỔNG KẾT TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP
VOCABULARY
1. city dweller /ˈsɪti - ˈdwelə(r)/ (n) người sống ờ đô thị, cư dân thành thị
2. detect /dɪˈtekt/(v) dò tìm, phát hiện ra
3. infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/(n) cơ sở hạ tầng
4. inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/(n) cư dân, người cư trú
5. liveable /ˈlɪvəbl/ đáng sống
6. optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/(adj) lạc quan
7. overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj) chật ních, đông nghẹt
8. pessimistic /ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) bi quan
9. quality of life /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ɒv/ /laɪf/ chất lượng sống
10. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/(adj) có thể tái tạo lại
11. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/(adj) không gây hại cho môi trường, có tính bển vữngc
12. upgrade /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/(v) nâng cấp
13. urban /ˈɜːbən/ thuộc về đô thị
14. urban planner /ˈɜːbən/ /ˈplænə/ người / chuyên gia quy hoạch đô thị
15. urban sprawl /ˈɜrbən/ /sprɔl/ sự mở rộng đô thị, đô thị hóa
GRAMMAR
Question tags & Conditional type 0
A. Tag Questions (Câu hỏi đuôi):
Câu hỏi đuôi là dạng câu hỏi ngắn được thêm vào cuối 1 câu nói trong khi đàm thoại. Câu hỏi đuôi thường được dùng để xác nhận lại thông tin (lên giọng) hoặc tìm kiếm sự đồng thuận (xuống giọng).
Vd:
- It’s hot today, isn’t it? (Hôm nay trời nóng, phải không?)
- You live near here, don’t you? (Bạn sống ở đây, phải không?)
- You were at home last night, weren’t you? ( Tối qua bạn ở nhà, đúng không?)
I. CẤU TRÚC CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI
Công thức
Câu khẳng định + đuôi phủ định
Câu phủ định + đuôi khẳng định
Vd:
You drink tea every day, don’t you? (Bạn uống trà mỗi ngày, phải không?)
Mr. Paine has arrived, hasn’t he? ( Ông Paine đã đến, phải không?)
Peter can swim, can’t he? ( Peter có thể bơi, đúng không?)
You don’t drink wine, do you? ( Bạn không uống rượu, đúng không?)
Mrs. Lora hasn’t retired, has she? ( Bà Lora vẫn chưa nghỉ hưu, đúng không?)
Peter won’t come, will he? ( Peter sẽ không đến, đúng không?)
*Lưu ý:
- Chỉ dùng trợ động từ hoặc động từ khuyết thiếu trong câu hỏi đuôi.
- Không dùng tên riêng hoặc danh từ trong câu hỏi đuôi, mà chỉ dùng đại từ như “I, you, we, they, he, she, it”.
- Khi câu hỏi đuôi ở dạng phủ định, dùng hình thức rút gọn của “not”.
Vd:
Jill wrote this report, wrote she? → Jill wrote this report, didn’t she?
The boss was angry, wasn’t the boss? → The boss was angry, wasn’t he?
They’re working outside, are not they? → They’re working outside, aren’t they?
| Thì | Cấu trúc |
| Hiện tại đơn | Clause, is/ am/are (+not) + S? They aren’t students, are they? (Họ không phải là sinh viên đúng không?) |
| Clause, do/ doees (+not) + S? He comes to school, doesn’t he? (Anh ấy đi học rồi nhỉ?) | |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn | Clause, is/ am/are (+not) + S? He is playing the guitar in his room, isn’t he? (Anh ấy đang chơi ghi-ta trong phòng à?) |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành | Clause, has/ have (+not) + S? The dog hasn’t come back home yet, has it? (Con chó vẫn chưa chạy về nhà à?) |
| Quá khứ đơn | Clause, was/ were (+not) + S? She was a teacher in your school, wasn’t she? (Cô ấy từng là giáo viên trường bạn à?) |
| Clause, did (+not) + S? They didn’t remember doing homework, did they? (Họ không nhớ làm bài tp về nhà đúng không?) | |
| Thì tương lai/ Model Verb | Clause, will/ can/ should (+ not) + S? You will come to my birthday party, won’t you? (Cậu sẽ đến dự tiệc sinh nhật của tớ phải không?) They shouldn’t meet her, should they? (Họ không nên gặp cô ta, phải không?) |
II. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
1. Let’s + V, shall we? (câu mời, rủ rê)
Vd: Let’s play tennis, shall we?
2. Let O (me/him…) + V, will you? (câu chỉ sự xin phép, cho phép)
Vd:
Let him buy it, will you?
Let us use the phone, will you?
3. Let me + V, may I (câu đề nghị giúp người khác)
Vd: Let me help you do it, may I?
4. I am…., aren’t I?
Vd: I am older than you, aren’t I?
5. I used to + V, didn’t I?
Vd: They used to work here, didn’t they?
6. Please + V, will/won’t you?
Vd: Please help me, will/won’t you?
7. Don’t + V, will you?
Vd: Don’t do that again, will you?
8. There is/are…., isn’t/aren’t there?
Vd: There are some seats left, aren’t there?
9. This/That is…., isn’t it?
Vd: That pen is Mary’s, isn’t it?
10. These/Those are…, aren’t they?
Vd: Those are beautiful, aren’t they?
11. Everyone/someone/anyone/no one, none of, neither of,…, TĐT + they?
Vd: Somebody should help her, shouldn’t they?
12. Nothing..., TĐT + it? (đuôi khẳng định)
Vd: Nothing is wrong, is it?
13. S + have/has got…, haven’t/has’t….?
Vd: He has got a nice house, hasn’t he?
14. Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarely, rarely, barely hoặc từ phủ định như: nowhere, nothing thì câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định với phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định
Vd:
He seldom goes swimming, does he?
He went nowhere else, did he?
They did nothing, did they?
15. had better
had better thường được viết ngắn gọn thành 'd better, nên dễ khiến ta lúng túng khi phải lập câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng. Khi thấy 'd better, chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ Had để lập câu hỏi đuôi.
Vd: He'd better apologize, hadn't he?
16. would rather
would rather thường được viết gọn là 'd rather nên cũng dễ gây lúng túng cho bạn. Chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ Would cho trường hợp này để lập câu hỏi đuôi.
Vd: She'd rather go to the doctor, wouldn't she?
17. Câu cảm thán, lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, [ ] dùng is, am, are
Vd:
What a beautiful dress, isn’t it?
What a stupid boy, isn’t he?
How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
18. Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel + mệnh đề phụ, lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg: I think he will come here, won’t he?
I don’t believe Mary can do it, can she?
(lưu ý MĐ chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở MĐ phụ)
Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg: She thinks he will come, doesn’t she?
19. Chủ ngữ là ONE, dùng you hoặc one trong câu hỏi đuôi
Vd: One can be one’s master, can’t you/one?
20. Câu có little, a little, few, a few
Vd:
1/ Very little progress has been made, has it?
2/ A little progress has been made, hasn’t it?
3/ Few people knew the answer, did they?
4/ A few people knew the answer, didn’t they?
21. Girls may go out at night, may they not?( “May not” không rút gọn)
22. It seems that + mệnh đề
Lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Vd: It seems that you are right, aren't you?
23. Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ → dùng it
Vd:
What you have said is wrong, isn't it?
Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn't it?
24. Vế đầu là I WISH:
Dùng MAY trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Vd: I wish to study English, may I?
25. Mệnh đề chính có MUST:
Must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ có câu hỏi đuôi khác nhau
- Must chỉ sự cần thiết → dùng needn't
Ví dụ: They must study hard, needn't they?
- Must chỉ sự cấm đoán → dùng must
Ví dụ: You mustn't come late, must you?
- Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại → dựa vào động từ theo sau must
Vd:
He must be a very intelligent student, isn't he? (Anh ta ắt hẳn là 1 học sinh rất thông minh, phải không?)
Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở quá khứ (trong công thức must +have+ p.p): => dùng TĐT have/has
Ví dụ: You must have stolen my bike, haven't you? (Bạn chắc hẳn là đã lấy cắp xe của tôi, phải không?)
B. Conditional sentence type 0 (Câu điều kiện loại 0)
1. Công thức:
If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh
2. Cách dùng: Câu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra.
3. Lưu ý
Tất cả động từ trong câu (mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề điều kiện) đều được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn.
* If + Mệnh đề 1 (thì hiện tại đơn giản), Mệnh đề 2 (thì hiện tại đơn giản)
=> Khi muốn nhắn nhủ ai đó:
E.g : If you see Nam, you tell him I’m in Vietnam.
(Nếu bạn gặp Nam, hãy nhắn anh ấy rằng tôi đang ở Việt Nam nhé.)
* If + Mệnh đề 1 (thì hiện tại đơn giản), Mệnh đề 2 (mệnh lệnh thức/ câu mệnh lệnh)
=> Dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh
E.g: If you have any trouble, please telephone me though 115.
(Nếu bạn có bất kỳ rắc rối nào, xin hẫy gọi cho tôi qua số điện thoại 115.)
* Nếu diễn tả thói quen, trong mệnh đề chính thường xuất hiện thêm: often, usually, or always.
E.g: If water is frozen, it expands. (Nếu nước bị đông đặc nó nở ra.)
I usually walk to school if I have enough time. (Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường nếu tôi có thời gian.)
If you heat ice, it turns to water. (Nếu bạn làm nóng nước đá, nó sẽ chảy ra.)
If we are cold, we shiver. (Nếu bị lạnh, chúng ta sẽ run lên.)
PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP
Part I. PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
| 1. A. dweller | B. overcrowded | C. network | D. waste |
| 2. A. commercial | B. electricity | C. advanced | D. Processing |
| 3. A. inhabitant | B. geography | C. radiation | D. available |
| 4. A. upgrade | B. presentation | C. description | D. consumption |
| 5. A. disposal | B. optimistic | C. population | D. occupy |
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
| 6. A. organiser | B. comfortable | C. technology | D. populated |
| 7. A. presentation | B. pessimistic | C. residential | D. innovative |
| 8. A. renewable | B. sustainable | C. insfrastructure | D. environment |
| 9. A. familiar | B. generate | C. assignment | D. pollutant |
| 10. A. overcrowded | B. inhabitant | C. geography | D. convenient |
ĐÁP ÁN
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A
6. C 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
Part II. VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
11. Local authorities should fínd ways to limit the use of private cars and encourage city ________ to use public transport.
A. Commuters B. planners C. dwellers D. people
12. To get ready for the presentation, we can start preparing the slides while Jeremy will do the ________ .
A. speaking B. telling C. talking D. speech
13. Located about 60 km southwest of Seoul, this eco city has been planned around a Central park and designed so that every resident can walk to work in the business______ .
A. District B. area C. location D. organisation
14. The waste ______ system here is also innovative. There are no rubbish trucks or waste bins in the Street.
A. Dump B. disposal C. landfill D. throwaway
15. London is a/an ________ city. It’s a melting pot for people from all parts of the world.
A. Intemational B. national C. metropolitan D. cosmopolitan
16. Cities in poorer countries often lack basic _______ . Without it, they are unable to function properly as cities.
A. Structure B. construction C. infrastructure D. condition
17. The _______ of living m some places can be very high. Prices in London are particularly exorbitant.
A. Value B. price C. worth D. cost
18. Urban ______ is prevalent in most cities. Everywhere you go there are building
sites, pedestrian precincts, blocks of flats, and housing estates spreading into the countryside.
A. Sprawl B. expansion C. widening D. spread
19. This safe, _____ friendly city is like a paradise for its inhabitants who can enjoy the highest quality of life.
A. Environment B. Environmental
C. Environmentally D. environmentalist
20. _____ waste is putting city dweller’s health at a real risk.
A. Treatment B. Untreated C. Non-treatment D. Non-treated
21. Every month, scientists invent new gadgets and _______ to help us with our daily
lives, and discover ways to make existing technology faster and better.
A. Experiments B. effects C. laboratories D. equipment
22. Unlike the country where the day often ends quite early in the evening, the city offers its people exciting_________ .
A. Activities B. performances C. nightlife D. night clubs
23. The roads are terrible. I’m always getting __________ in traffic.
A. Stuck B. lost C. exhausted D. late
24. A pedestrian ______ is a specified place on the road where people can cross.
A. Crossroads B. Crossing C. junction D. T-junction
25. Everything’ s bit more expensive here and property prices are extremely high.
A lot of people have no choice but to live in the _________ and commute in to work.
A. Outskirt B. suburbs C. city D. urban
26. It’s much safer for cyclists to get around these days with cycle ________ everywhere.
A. lanes B. streets C. roads D. paths
27. The _______ is where you’ll find all the large department stores and banks.
A. City heart B. town hall C. city centre D. business district
28. Exhaust _______ from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in cities.
A. Fumes B. smokes C. gases D. smog
29. Many factories still allow ________ , such as toxic waste, to flow into our rivers.
A. Pollution B. litters C. garbage D. pollutants
30. Many commuters struggling to work through the rush-hour ________ ask ‘Is it worth it?’
A. Congestion B. vehicles C. roads D. accidents
31. It is, perhaps, the daily stresses and _________ of the city which make life there a matter of survival rather than of enjoyment.
A. Depresses B. strains C. demands D. challenges
32. Most cars nowadays are íĩtted with a security __________ of some kind.
A. Motor B. gadget C. tool D. device
33. The greenhouse_______ takes place when certain gases in the atmosphere trap sun’s heat.
A. Emission B. gas C. effect D. affect
34. Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in ___________ cities.
A. Cosmopolitan B. modem C. metropolitan D. overcrowded
35. Millions of people around the world still live in poverty. They are struggling every day simply to _______ .
A. Get up B. get by C. get on D. get round
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
36. Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy climate, a pollution-free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces.
A. Healthy B. prosperous C. modem D. green
37. Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fíght against AIDS.
A. New cure B. important therapy
C. Sudden remedy D. dramatic development
38. They design and carry out projects aiming to reduce fossil fuel consumption, find renewable fuels for public transport, and promote other clean air efforts.
A. Inexhaustible B. recyclable
C. Green D. environmentally-friendly
39. The urban planners are working for Eco Inữastructure Network, whose main function is to deal with urban environmental problems to make Super Star City greener, cleaner, and more sustainable.
A. Eye-catching B. developed
C. Long-lasting D. friendly
40. If we have solar panels on our roofs, we’ll be able to generate our own electricity.
A. Afford B. produce C. manufacture D. light
41. I believe the government will use advanced technology to build faster trains and make people’s life more comfortable.
A. Modern B. expensive C. public D. latest
42. Many city dwellers, especỉally those in developing countries, still live in poverty.
A. People B. migrants C. immigrants D. residents
43. These projects have proved to be very effective in dealing with global climate change, which was considered an insoluble problem in the fírst 30 years of this century.
A. Hard B. challenging C. unsolvable D. unbearable
44. There’s a real mix of people in Brighton, It has a very cosmopolitan feel to it.
A. Busy B. hectic C. multi-cultural D. diversified
45. People who hold optimistic view believe that cities of the íuture will increase the general well-being of individuals and societies.
A. Health state B. quality of life
C. Level of development D. growth rate
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
46. If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won’t be a safe place to live in.
A. Negative B. optimistic C. optical D. neutral
47. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must be found.
A. Public B. personal C. common D. shared
48. People who live in towns and cities live in an urban environment.
A. Remote B. deserted C. suburban D. rural
49. There is pollution not only of the physical environment because the various pressure of urban life causes cities to breed crime.
A. Social B. mental C. moral D. manual
50. Governments have to join hands to solve the environmental problems on a global scale.
A. Worldwide B. nationwide C. local D. intemational
ĐÁP ÁN
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
21.D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B
26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A
31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B
36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B
41. A 42. D 43. C 44. C 45. B
46. B 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. C
Part III. GRAMMAR
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
51. This is the right DVD, _______ ?
A. Isn’t this B. is this C. isn’t it D. is it
52. I’m not the only one,_________ ?
A. aren’t I B. am I C. am not I D. are not I
53. Let’s go out tonight, _________ ?
A. Shall we B. will we C. could we D. would we
54. Don’t forget to write to me soon,_______ ?
A. Would you B. could you c. can you D. will you
55. Nothing ữightens you,_______ ?
A. Does it B. doesn’t it C. do they D. don’t they
56. Somebody’s just called my name,______?
A. Hasn’t he B. didn’t he C. haven’t they D. have they
57. I suppose you don’t like the course,________ ?
A. Don’t I B. do I C. don’t you D. do you
58. Everyone’s going to be there,_______?
A. Isn’the B. is he C. aren’t they D. are they
59. We never enjoy our city break,________?
A. Do we B. don’t we C. have we D. haven’t we
60. There will be more and more megacities in the world,_______ ?
A. Will it B. won’t it C. will there D. won’t there
61. No one wants to live in a polluted city, ________?
A. Do they B. don’t they C. does he D. doesn’t he
62. I think city dwellers can enjoy an exciting nightlife, _________ ?
A. Don’t you think B. don’t I
C. Can’t they D. can they
63. There’s hardly anything that can be done to reduce pollution, _________ ?
A. Isn’t there B. is there C. can it D. can’t it
64. You have to wear uniform when going to work, _________ ?
A. Haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
65. We are supposed to submit the assignment by Friday, ________ ?
A. Don’t we B. are we C. aren’t we D. do we
66. Put these flowers near the window,________ ?
A. Will you B. would you C. could you D. all are correct
67. None of the old people likes living in urban areas, ________ ?
A. Do them B. does he C. do they D. don’t they
68. Neither of the locations was ideal for a new shopping mall, ______?
A. Were they B. was it C. weren’t they D. wasn’t it
69. I believe nothing serious happened,__________ ?
A. Did it B. didn’t it C. do I D. don’t I
70. Sophie has got no major problems living in the new city,____?
A. Hasn’t she B. has she C. does she D. doesn’t she
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
71. Sarah will be very annoyed if Dave ________ her this evening.
A. Won’t call B. not call C. doesn’t call D. will call
72. When you ________ with your Computer, can I borrow it?
A. Have finished B. will finish
C. Will have finished D. are finishing
73. If you like peace and quiet, _________ move to the town to live.
A. You won’t B. you will C. let’s D. don’t
74. If you go by air, it ________ you around two hours to get to Ho Chi Minh City
from Ha Noi.
A. Would take B. takes C. took D. spends
75. _____ he do well in the exam, his parents will buy him an MP3 player.
A. If B. When C. Should D. Were
76. You are expected to fasten the seatbeit ________ you are driving.
A. When B. if C. whenever D. all are correct
77. If you need help, ________me!
A. Will tell B. let’s tell C. let tell D. tell
78. If unemployment is rising, people _________ to stay in their current jobs.
A. Tend B. will tend C. have tended D. would tend
79. If you see Karen, _________ you ask her to call me?
A. Shall B. will C. do D. would
80. If you bully someone, you ________them to do things against their will.
A. Will force B. forced C. force D. would force
ĐÁP ÁN
51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A
56. C 57. D 58. C 59. A 60. D
61. A 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. C
66. D 67. C 68. A 69. A 70. B
71. C 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. C
76. D 77. D 78. A 79. B 80. C
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