TỔNG HỢP CẤU TRÚC PREFER, WOULD PREFER, WOULD RATHER
1. LÝ THUYẾT
1.1. Prefer:
- Thường bạn có thể dùng “Prefer to (do)” hoặc “Prefer - Ving” để diễn tả bạn thích điều gì đó hơn.
Ex: I don’t like cities. I prefer to live in the country (hoặc I prefer living in the country.)
(Tôi không thích thành phố. Tôi thích sống ở nông thôn hơn)
- Ngoài ra 'Prefer' còn có cấu trúc sau:
+ Prefer sth to sth
Ex:
I prefer this dress to the one you were wearing yesterday.
(Anh thích bộ quần áo này hơn chiếc bộ em đã mặc ngày hôm qua.)
+ Prefer doing sth to doing sth = prefer to do sth rather than (do) sth
Ex:
I prefer flying to travelling by train.
(Tôi thích đi máy bay hơn là đi bằng xe lửa.)
Anh prefers to live in Haiphong city rather than (live) in Ha Noi .
(Anh thích sống ở thành phố Haiphong hơn là sống ở Ha Noi)
1.2. Would prefer:
“Would prefer” để nói tới điều ta muốn làm trong một tình huống cụ thể nào đó (không phải chung chung):
- "Would prefer sth (+ or+sth)" (thích cái gì 'hơn cái gì')
Ex:
“Would you prefer tea or coffee?” - “Coffee, please.”
(Anh muốn uống trà hay cà phê vậy?" " Cà phê.
- “Would prefer to do”:
Ex:
“Shall we go by train?” - “Well, I’d prefer to go by car.”=> không nói 'going'.
(Chúng ta đi xe lửa nhé? Ồ tôi thích đi xe hơi hơn.)
I’d prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
(Tối nay tôi thích ở nhà hơn là đi xem phim.)
1.3. Would rather:
- Would rather 'do' sth = would prefer 'to do' st.
Ex:
“Shall we go by train?”- “Well, I’d prefer to go by car.”
(Chúng ta đi xe lửa nhé?"- "Ồ, tôi thích đi xe hơi hơn." (hoặc “Well, I’d rather go by car.”)
NOTE:
Câu phủ định là: would rather not 'do' sth.
Ex:
I’m tired. I’d rather not go out this evening, if you don’t mind.
(Tôi cảm thấy mệt. Tôi không muốn đi chơi tối nay, nếu anh không giận.)
“Do you want to go out this evening?” “I’d rather not.
("Bạn muốn đi chơi tối nay không?" "Tôi không muốn.")
- Ngoài ra 'Would rather' còn có cấu trúc sau:
+ Would rather do something than (do) something
Ex:
I’d rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema.
(Tối nay tôi thích ở nhà hơn là đi xem phim.)
+ Would rather you 'did' st: Dùng khi bạn muốn người khác làm một điều gì đó.
Ex:
“Shall I stay here?” “I’d rather you came with us.”
("Tôi ở lại đây nhé?" "Tôi muốn anh đi với chúng tôi hơn.")
“Shall I tell them the news?” “No, I’d rather they didn’t know.”
("Tôi nói cho họ biết tin nhé?" "Không tôi muốn họ không biết.")
“Shall I tell them or would you rather they didn’t know?”
("Tôi sẽ nói với họ nhé hay là anh không muốn cho họ biết?")
NOTE:
- Trong cấu trúc này chúng ta dùng thì Quá khứ (came, did v.v...) nhưng ý nghĩa lại là hiện tại hoặc tương lai, chứ không phải quá khứ.
Hãy so sánh:
I’d rather cook the dinner now. (Tôi muốn nấu bữa tối ngay bây giờ.)
NHƯNG:
I’d rather you cooked the dinner now.=> không nói 'I'd rather you cook'.
(Anh muốn em nấu bữa tối ngay lúc này.)
+ Dạng phủ định là “would rather you didn’t...”
Ex:
I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.
(Tôi không muốn anh nói với ai những gì tôi đã nói.)
“Do you mind if I smoke?” “I’d rather you didn’t.”
("Anh có phiền không nếu tôi hút thuốc?" "Tôi mong anh đừng hút.")
2. BÀI TẬP
2.1. Chọn đáp án đúng.
1) He 'd like to go to Canada whereas his wife __________________ go to Mexico.
[ ] would prefer
[ ] would prefer to
[ ] would rather to
2) Her husband __________________ rent a house.
[ ] would prefer
[ ] would rather
[ ] would rather to
3) Mrs Martin __________________ to stay in a hotel.
[ ] prefer
[ ] would rather
[ ] would prefer
4) My sister would like to have fun on Bondi Beach but I would __________ to go on a cruise.
[ ] prefer to
[ ] rather to
[ ] prefer
5) My wife would like to rent a house in New York but I would __________________ camp in the desert.
[ ] rather to
[ ] prefer
[ ] rather
6) My wife would like to visit a museum, but I would __________________ to go to Ayers Rock
[ ] like
[ ] rather
[ ]prefer
7) I would __________________ become a scuba diver.
[ ] rather to
[ ] rather
[ ] prefer
8) I would __________________ not to become a computer programmer.
[ ] prefer
[ ] prefer to
[ ] rather
9) I would __________________ buy this cake because I prefer the taste.
[ ] rather to
[ ] rather
[ ] prefer
10) I would __________________ not rent a house in the Outback.
[ ] rather
[ ] prefer
[ ] rather to
11) I prefer coffee ______ tea.
[ ] than
[ ] to
[ ] from
12) I don't fancy the theatre again. I'd rather ________ to the cinema.
[ ] go
[ ] to go
[ ] going
13) Although I love relaxing on beaches, I think I prefer ________ in the mountains.
[ ] walk
[ ] walking
14) I'd rather speak to him in person __________ things over the phone.
[ ] to discuss
[ ] to discussing
[ ] than discuss
15) I prefer trains _______ cars.
[ ] than
[ ] to
[ ] from
16) I'm not a big fan of cars; I prefer _________ by train.
[ ] travel
[ ] travelling
17) If I had a choice I think I'd rather ___________
[ ] live in Paris than in London
[ ] live in Paris to London
[ ] to live in Paris than London
18) They'd rather have lunch inside, but I'd prefer ________ outside in the garden.
[ ] eat
[ ] to eat
[ ] eating
ANSWERS KEY
1) would prefer to
2) would rather
3) would prefer
4) prefer
5) rather
6) prefer
7) rather
8) prefer
9) rather
10) rather
11) to
12) go
13) walking
14) than discuss
15) to
16) traveling
17) to live in Paris than London
18) to eat
2.2. Choose the correct option.
1. She …………………. eat a salad than a hamburger.
would rather prefer
2. They ……………….. dogs. They don’t like cats.
would rather prefer
3. I …………………. stay home today.
would rather prefer
4. We ………………….. watching basketball.
would rather prefer
5. Usually people ……………………. warm weather.
would rather prefer
ANSWERS KEY
1. would rather
2. prefer
3. would rather
4. prefer
5. prefer
2.3. Choose the correct option.
1. I…………………..buy the blue shirt.
2. Why do you…………………..going out with Tom?
3. I…………………..have the meeting at 6 pm.
4. Normally, we…………………..going to the beach.
5. I…………………..watch the football game.
ANSWERS KEY
1. would rather
2. prefer
3. would rather
4. prefer
5. would rather
2.4. Rewrite using would rather
1. I would like you to go home now.
……………………………………………………………………………
2. I would prefer to go in December rather than in May.
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I prefer starting early rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. I prefer to walk rather than drive.
……………………………………………………………………………
5. I want you to stay in a hostel rather than in a hotel.
……………………………………………………………………………
6. I would like you to find a job.
……………………………………………………………………………
7. He would face the enemy rather than surrender.
……………………………………………………………………………
8. They would like to build a new house instead of repairing the old one.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. We would like you to go bed now.
……………………………………………………………………………
10. We would like you to do the work yourself.
……………………………………………………………………………
ANSWERS KEY
1. I would rather you went home now.
2. I would rather go in December than in May.
3. I would rather start early than leave everything to the last minute.
4. I would rather walk than drive.
5. I would rather you stayed in a hostel than in a hotel.
6. I would rather you found a job.
7. He would rather face the enemy than surrender.
8. They would rather build a new house than repair the old one.
9. We would rather you went to bed now.
10. We would rather you did the work yourself.
2.5. Choose the best answer to fill the gap in each of the following:
1. I prefer coffee …………….. tea.
A. to B. than C. from
2. I prefer trains …………….. cars.
A. from B. than C. to
3. Although I love relaxing on beaches, I think I prefer …………….. in the mountains.
A. walk B. walking C. walked
4. They’d rather have lunch inside, but I’d prefer …………….. outside in the garden.
A.eat B. eating C. to eat
5. I’m not a big fan of cars; I prefer …………….. by train.
A. travelling B. travel C. to travelling
6. I would prefer …………….. a dress rather than pants.
A. wear B. wearing C. to wear
7. I would prefer you …………….. out.
A. not to go B. not going C. didn’t go
8. She would prefer to live with her parents rather …………….. alone.
A. to B. than C. for
9. Why do you …………….. going out with Tom?
A. prefer B. would prefer C. would rather
10. She would prefer if I …………….. her up.
A. picking B. picked C. to pick
ANSWERS KEY
| 1. A | 2. C | 3. B | 4. C | 5. A |
| 6. C | 7. A | 8. B | 9. A | 10. B |
2.6. Choose the best option
1. I prefer milk …………….. water.
A. than B. to C. from
2. I prefer motorbikes …………….. bikes.
A. to B. than C. from
3. Although I love relaxing on beaches, I think I prefer …………….. in the mountains.
A. walking B. walk C. walked
4. They’d rather have lunch inside, but I’d prefer …………….. outside in the garden.
A.eat B. to eat C. eating
5. I’m not a big fan of bikes, I prefer …………….. by car.
A. to travelling B. travel C. travelling
6. I would prefer …………….. a dress rather than pants.
A. wear B. wearing C. to wear
7. I would prefer you …………….. out.
A. not to go B. not going C. didn’t go
8. She would prefer to live with her parents rather …………….. alone.
A. to B. than C. for
9. Why do you …………….. going out with Tom?
A. prefer B. would prefer C. would rather
10. She would prefer if I …………….. her up.
A. picking B. picked C. to pick
ANSWERS KEY
1B
2A
3A
4B
5C
6C
7A
8B
9A
10B
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