SO SÁNH THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH VÀ THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
A. LÝ THUYẾT
I. Cấu trúc ngữ pháp của hai thì
Cấu trúc của hai thì đều có 3 thể chính là thể khẳng định, phủ định và nghi vấn.
1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Khẳng định: S + has/have + V Past Participle
She has been a teacher for 3 years
(Cô ấy làm giáo viên khoảng 3 năm)
They have been famous footballers since they played in this team
(Họ là những cầu thủ bóng đá nổi tiếng kể từ khi họ chơi trong đội bóng này)
Phủ định: S + has/have + not + V Past Participle
I haven’t seen this movie before
(Trước đây tôi chưa xem phim này)
Nghi vấn: Has/Have + S + V Past Participle ..?
Trả lời câu hỏi:
Yes, S + has/have.
No, S + has/have + not.
Have you seen this movie before?
(Trước đây bạn đã xem phim này chưa?)
Yes, I have
(Vâng , tôi đã xem)
No, I haven’t
(Không, tôi vẫn chưa xem)
2. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Khẳng định: S + has/have + been + Ving
He/She/It has been working too hard
(Anh ấy/ cô ấy/ nó làm việc rất chăm chỉ)
I/you/we/they have been working too hard
(Tôi/bạn/chúng ta/họ làm việc rất chăm chỉ)
Phủ định: S + has/have + not + been + Ving
I/you/we/they haven’t been learning English
(tôi/bạn/chúng ta/họ đã không học tiếng Anh)
He/she/it hasn’t been learning English.
(Anh ấy/cô ấy/nó không học tiếng Anh)
Nghi vấn: Has/Have + S + been + Ving?
Trả lời câu hỏi:
Yes, S + has/have.
No, S + has/have + not
Have you been working?
(Bạn có làm việc không?)
Yes, I have
(Vâng, tôi có)
II. Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành và hiện tại tiếp diễn
1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Diễn đạt một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ.
Lan has traveled around the world.
(Lan đã đi khắp thế giới)
Have you passed your driving test?
(Bạn đã vượt qua kỳ kiểm tra lái xe của bạn)
Hoặc đi với các từ: just, recently, already, yet,…
I have just come back from Nha Trang
(Tôi vừa mới trở về từ Nha Trang)
Hành động lặp lại nhiều lần cho đến thời điểm hiện tại.
I have watched “Iron Lady” several times.
(Tôi đã xem qua Iron Lady nhiều lần)
Sau cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
It is the most boring book that I have ever read.
(Đó là cuốn sách nhàm chán nhất mà tôi từng đọc)
Sau cấu trúc: This/It is the first/second… times, phải dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
This is the first time she has driven a car.
(Đây là lần đầu tiên cô lái xe)
It’s the second time she has lost her passport.
(Nó là lần thứ hai cô bị mất hộ chiếu)
Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu diễn ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại.
Có các từ chỉ thời gian đi cùng như: since, for, ever, never, up to now, so far,…
Mary has lived in that house for 10 years.
= Mary has lived in that house since 2019
(Mary đã sống ở căn nhà đó khoảng 10 năm = Mary đã sống ở căn nhà đó từ năm 2009)
2. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Về cơ bản, thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn giống như thì hiện tại hoàn thành, đều dùng để diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu diễn ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn xảy ra ở hiện tại. Tuy nhiên, thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh thời gian của hành động (How long), còn thì hiện tại hoàn thành quan tâm đến kết quả của hành động.
Thường dùng với 2 giới từ “since” hoặc “for”.
I have been learning English since early morning.
(Tôi đã học tiếng Anh từ sáng sớm)
III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Ta thấy về cơ bản cả hai thì đều xuất hiện các thì như:
Since + thời điểm trong quá khứ: since 1992, since May: kể từ khi
I have studied English since 2006
(Tôi đã học tiếng Anh từ năm 2006)
For + khoảng thời gian: for five days, for five minutes: trong vòng
She has lived in Hanoi for 2 years
(Cô ấy đã sống ở Hà nội khoảng 2 năm)
Already: đã
Dùng trong câu khẳng định hay câu hỏi, “already” có thể đứng ngay sau have và cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.
We have already written our reports.
(Chúng tôi đã viết báo cáo của chúng tôi)
Yet: chưa
Dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn. “yet” thường đứng cuối câu.
She hasn’t told me about you yet.
(Cô ấy vẫn chưa kể với tôi về bạn)
Just: vừa mới
Dùng để chỉ một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
I have just come back home.
(Tôi vừa mới về nhà)
Recently, Lately: gần đây
I have seen this film recently.
(Tôi xem bộ phim này gần đây)
So far, up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time: đến tận bây giờ.
Ever: đã từng
Never… before: chưa bao giờ
In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time: trong thời gian qua
B. VÍ DỤ
Bài 1:
For each situation, write two sentences using the words in brackets.
1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it andnow he is on page 53.
(read/ for two hour) He has been reading for two hours.
(read/ 53 pages so far) He has read 53 pages so far.
2. Rachel is from Astralia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her trip three months ago.
(travel/ for three months) She .......
(visit/six countries so far) .......
3. Patrick is a tennis player.He began playing tennis when he was ten yearsold. This year he is national champion again – for the fourth time
(win/ the national championships/ four times) .......
(play/ tennis since he was ten) .......
4. When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together.They still make films.
(make/ five films since they left college) .......
ĐÁP ÁN
2. She's been travelling for three months.
She's visited six countries so far.
3. He's won the national championships four times.
He's been playing tennis since he was ten.
4. They've made five films since they left college.
They've been making films since they left college.
Bài 2:
For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.
1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic.
You ask: (how long/ learn/ Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you.
You ask: (wait/ long) Have .........
3. You see somebody fishing by the river.
You ask: (catch/ any fish?) .........
4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week.
You ask: (how many people/ invite?) .........
5. A friend of yours is a teacher.
You ask: (how long/ teach) .........
6. You meet somebody who is a writer.
You ask: (how many book/ write) ......... (how long/ write/ books?) .........
7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday.
You ask: (how long/ save?) ......... (how much money/ save) .........
ĐÁP ÁN
2. Have you been waiting long?
3. Have you caught any fish?
4. How mayy people have you invited?
5. How long have you been teaching?
6. How many books have you written? How long have you been writing books?
7. How long have you been saving? How much money have you saved?
Bài 3:
Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done) or condinuous (I have been doing).
1. Where have you been? Have you been playing (you/ play) tennis?
2. Look! ..... (somebody/ break) that window.
3. You look tired ..... (you/ work) hard?
4. "...... (you/ ever/ work) in a factory?" "No, never."
5. "Liz is away on holiday." "Is she? Where ..... (she/ go).
6. My brother is an actor ..... (he/ appear) in several films.
7. "Sorry I'm late". "That's all right ..... (I/ not/ wait) long?"
8. "Is it still raining?" "No, ..... (it/ stop)".
9. ...... (I/ lose) my address book ..... (you/ see) it?
10. ...... (I/ read) the book you lent me, but ..... (I/ not/ finish) it yet. It's very interesting.
11. ...... (I/ read) the book you lent me,so you can have it back now.
ĐÁP ÁN
2. somebody has broken
3. Have you been working
4. Have you ever worked
5. has he gone
6. he's appeared
7. I haven't been waiting
8. it's stopped
9. I've lost
10. I've been reading
11. I've read
C. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
PHẦN 1
Bài 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. They ________ (sleep) for hours now because they didn’t get enough sleep last night.
2. Since he arrived, my family ________ (have) dinner.
3. What are you now? I ______ (wait) for you for so long.
4. My father ________ (still/do) the gardening since I came home. Meanwhile, my brother ______ (do) his homework.
5. Her mother ________ (go) shopping since she went out with her friends.
6. I would like to eat something because I ________ (not eat) for the whole day.
7. It ______ (rain) for the whole morning, so I don’t want to go out.
8. Katty _____ (watch) her favorite film since I came.
Bài 2. Hoàn thành câu dựa vào các từ gợi ý cho sẵn.
1.I/not/want/go/because/be/read/book.
2.kittens/be/sleep/hours//so/house/quiet.
3.He/drink/alcohol/since/I/see/
4.They/do/work/whole/day//now/be/tired.
5.She/not/see/parents/so long/because/she/busy.
Bài 3. Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng:
1. He ………………….. motorbikes for 2 years
A. has been riding B. has ridden C. has been ridden D. have been riding
2. My sister _____ for you since yesterday.
A. has been looked B. has been looking C. have been looking D. looked
3. Why are your hands so dirty?
-I…………………my bike
A. repaired B. have been repaired C. has been repaired D. have been repairing
4. We……………around Scotland for 8 years
A. traveled B. have traveled C. have been traveling D. has been traveling
5. Sandy……………….dinner 4 times this week
A. has cooked B. has been cooking C. have been cooking D. cooked
6. I ……………… to learn English for years but I have not succeeded yet.
A. have been trying B. have tried C. tried D. A & B
7. I ……………… to New York three times this year.
A. have been being B. have been C. was D. has been
8. My brother ……………… several plays. He has just finished his second tragedy.
A. have written B. have been writing C. has written D. has been writing
9. I love this film. I………………it four or five times already.
A. have been seeing B. have seen C. has seen D. had seen
10. How long you ……………… English? For 5 years
A. have you studied B. have been studying C. studied D. do you study
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1.
1. have been sleeping
2. is having
3. have been waiting
4. has been still doing/has been doing
5. has been going
6. haven’t been eating
7. has been raining
8. has been watching
Bài 2.
1. I don’t want to go out because I have been reading this book.
2. My kittens have been sleeping for hours, so the house is very quiet.
3. He has been drinking alcohol since I saw him.
4. They have been doing their homework for the whole day, so now they are tired.
5. She has not been seeing her parents for so long because she is extremely busy.
Bài 3.
1. A. has been riding
2. B. has been looking
3. D. have been repairing
4. C. have been travelling
5. A. has cooked
6. A. have been trying
7. B. have been
8. C. has written
9. B. have seen
10. B. have you been studying
Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Paul ….. in God since he was a child.
A. Believed
B. Has believed
C. Has been believing
D. Have been believing
2. I ….. the book, you can have it back.
A. Reading
B. Have been reading
C. Has been reading
D. Have read
3. Why are your hands so dirty? - I …… my bike.
A. Repaired
B. Have repaired
C. Have been repairing
D. Has been reparing
4. We …… around Scotland for 8 days.
A. Traveled
B. Have traveled
C. Have been travelling
D. Has been travelling
5. Sandy ………dinner four times this week.
A. Cooks
B. Has cooked
C. Has been cooking
D. Have cooked
6. Steve has been driving for 6 hours.
A. But he's having a barbeque at the moment
B. In 2 hours he's going to reach Vermont.
7. I have been trying to contact him _______
A. but to no avail
B. fortunately he picked up the phone.
8. The ballon has been soaring 100 meters above us for 2 hours.
A. Why can't they land at last?
B. But they have landed 2 minutes ago.
9. Who has been eating my chocolate bar?
A. Soon I will have none left.
B. There are none left.
10. She has been tidying up her office, hasn't she?
A. Yes, she has tidied it up already
B. Yes, she has
C. No, she isn't
11. He ….. five letters.
A. Has written
B. Have written
C. Writes
D. Wrote
12. Where ….?
A. Have you been
B. Has you been
C. Are you been
13. Who has been eating my chocolate bar?
A. Soon I will have none left.
B. There are none left.
14. She has been tidying up her office, hasn't she?
A. Yes, she has tidied it up already
B. Yes, she has
C. No, she isn't
15. He ….. five letters.
A. Has written
B. Have written
C. Writes
D. Wrote
16. Where ….?
A. Have you been
B. Has you been
C. Are you been
17. We …… our holiday yet.
A. Have not planned
B. Has not planned
C. Did not plan
18. We …… a new lamp.
A. Have bought
B. Has bought
C. Bought
19. I …… today.
A. Worked
B. Have worked
C. Working
D. Has worked
ĐÁP ÁN
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A
9. A 10. C 11. C 12. A
13. A 14. B 15. 16. A
17. A 18. A 19. B
PHẦN 2
Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc.
1. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
2. She (not/have) ……………any fun a long time.
3. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
4. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)………. one since Thursday.
5. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)…………. each other for five years.
6. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
7. She (finish) ... reading two books this week.
8. How long…….. (you/know)………. each other?
9. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?
10. He (eat)………………. at the King Power Hotel yet?
11. They (live) ………….here all their life..
12. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.
13. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
14. She (write)………….. three books about her wild life.
15. We (finish) ……………………one English course.
Exercise 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. This last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.
=> She hasn't............................................................................................................
2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.
=> He has.................................................................................................................
3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.
=> We have................................................................................................................
4. I last had my hair cut in November.
=> I haven't................................................................................................................
5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.
=> We haven't.............................................................................................................
6. It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven't.............................................................................................................
7. When did you have it?
=> How long...........................................................................................................?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
=> I have never................................................................................................................
9. I haven't seen him for 8 days.
=> The last................................................................................................................
10. To day is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.
=> It is........................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. I haven’t cutted my hair since last June.
…………………………………………..
2. She has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.
…………………………………………..
3. The lesson haven’t started yet.
…………………………………………..
4. Has the cat eat yet?
…………………………………………..
5. I am worried that I hasn’t still finished my homework yet.
…………………………………………..
6. I have just decidedto start working next week.
…………………………………………..
7. He has been at his computer since seven hours.
…………………………………………..
8. She hasn’t receivedany good news since a long time.
…………………………………………..
9.My father hasn’t playedany sport for last year.
…………………………………………..
10. I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t hadone since Thursday.
…………………………………………..
Exercise 4: Chia các động từ sau ở thì phù hợp. (Sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
2. Some people (attend).............the meeting right now.
3. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)……………………one since Thursday.
4. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)……………………each other for five years.
5. Where is your mother? She...........................(have) dinner in the kitchen.
6. Why are all these people here? What (happen)................................?
7. I………………….just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
8. She (finish) ... reading two books this week.
9. At present, he (compose)........................a piece of music.
10. We (have)........................dinner in a restaurant right now.
Exercise 5: Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)
-> …………………………………………………
2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)
-> …………………………………………………
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)
-> …………………………………………
4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)
-> …………………………………………
5. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)
-> …………………………………………
Exercise 6: Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho sẵn có sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. We/ not eat/ out/ since/ mom’s birthday.
…………………………………………..
2. How/ long/ you/ live/ here?
…………………………………………..
3. You/ ever/ been/ Russia?
…………………………………………..
4. She/ not/ meet/ kids/ since Christmas.
…………………………………………..
5. They/ repair/ lamps/ yet?
…………………………………………..
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc.
1. has been
2. hasn’t had
3. hasn’t played
4. haven’t had
5. haven’t seen
6. have…realized
7. has finished
8. have…known
9. Have you taken
10. Has he eaten
11. have lived
12. has…left; has left/ left
13. have bought
14. has written
15. have finished
Exercise 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. She hasn't come back hometown for 4 years.
2. He has worked as a bank clerk for 3 months.
3. We have not flown to Singapore for 5 years.
4. I haven't had my hair cut since November.
5. We haven't called each other for 5 months.
6. We haven't met each other for a long time.
7. How long have you had it?
8. I have never had such a delicious meal.
9. The last time I saw him was 8 days ago.
10. Today is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.
(It is three days since I last took a bath.)
Exercise 3: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. cutted => cut
2. working => worked
3. haven’t => hasn’t
4. eat => eaten
5. hasn’t => haven’t
6. (Ko sai)
7. since => for
8. since => for
9. for => since
10. hasn’t => haven’t
Exercise 4: Chia các động từ sau ở thì phù hợp. (Sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. hasn’t played
2. are attending
3. haven’t had
4. haven’t seen
5. is having
6. is happening
7. have just realized
8. has finished
9. is composing
10. are having
Exercise 5: Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. She has lived in Hanoi for 2 years.
2. He has studied English since he was a young man.
3. This is the first time that I have ever eaten this kind of food.
4. She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
5. I have never read such a good novel before.
Exercise 6: Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho sẵn có sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. We haven’t eaten out since mom’s birthday.
2. How long have you lived here?
3. Have you ever been to Russia?
4. She hasn’t met her kids since Christmas.
5. Have they repaired the lamps yet?
Trên đây là toàn bộ nội dung So sánh Present perfect tense và Present perfect continuous tense. Để xem thêm nhiều tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích khác các em chọn chức năng xem online hoặc đăng nhập vào trang Chúng tôi để tải tài liệu về máy tính.
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Mời các em tham khảo các tài liệu có liên quan:
- So sánh thì hiện tại đơn và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
- Mệnh đề danh từ trong Tiếng Anh
- Khái quát 13 thì trong Tiếng Anh
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