LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1
1. HỆ THỐNG NỘI DUNG CẤU TRÚC
1.1. CẤU TRÚC
a. Dạng khẳng định
If + S1+ Vs,es + O, S2+ will/ can.. + V-inf + O
Ex: If you eat all that food, you will be ill.
b. Dạng phủ định
If + S1+ don't/ doesn't + V-infi+ O, S2+ will/ can.. + not + V-inf + O
Ex: If you don't know her address, I can tell you.
c. Dạng câu hỏi
If + S1+ Vs, es+ O, (wh) + will/ can.. +S2+ V-infi + O?
Ex: If you have a long holiday, where will you go?
d. Dạng mệnh lệnh thức
If + S1+ Vs, es+ O, V+ O.
Ex: If you meet your parents, send them my regards.
1.2. Cách viết lại câu dùng câu điều kiện loại 1
a. V+O +and + S+ will/ can + V + O
=> If + you + V + O, S + will/ can + V + O
Ex: Pay attention to the lesson and you will understand it.
If you pay attention to the lesson , you will understand it
b. V+O +or/ otherwise + S+ will/ can + V + O
=> If + you + don't + V + O, S + will/ can + V + O
Ex: Stay away from me or I will shout.
If you don't stay away from me, I will shout.
c. Unless +S1 + Vs,es + O, S2 + will/ can/ may + V + O
=> If + S1 + don't/ doesn't + Vinf + O, S2 + will/ can/ may + V + O
Ex" Unless she waters these flowers everyday, they will die.
If she doesn't water these flowers everyday, they will die
1.3. ĐẢO NGỮ CÂU ĐK LOẠI 1
Cấu trúc: If + S1 + Vs,es + O, S2 + will/ can + V + O
=> Should + S1 + V-infi + O, S2 + will/ can + V + O
Ex: If I see him, I will give him a lift.
=> Should I see him, I will give him a lift.
Dạng phủ định: If + S1 + don't/ doesn't +V-inf + O, S2 + will/ can + V + O
=> Should + S1 +not + V-infi + O, S2 + will/ can + V + O
Ex: If you don't know the meaning of this word, you can look it up in the dictionary
=> Should you not know the meaning of this word, you can look it up in the dictionary
2. CÁCH DÙNG
2.1. Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ví dụ:
If I get up early in the morning, I will go to school on time.
(Nếu tôi dậy sớm vào buổi sáng, tôi sẽ đến trường học đúng giờ.)
2.2. Câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể sử dụng để đề nghị và gợi ý:
Ví dụ:
If you need a ticket, I can get you one. / Nếu bạn cần mua vé, tôi có thể mua dùm bạn một cái.
2.3. Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để cảnh báo hoặc đe dọa
Ví dụ:
If you come in, he will kill you. / Nếu bạn bước vào đó, anh ta sẽ giết bạn.
Đôi khi có thể sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn trong cả hai mệnh đề.
2.4. Một số cách dùng đặc biệt khác
Cách dùng này có nghĩa là sự việc này luôn tự động xảy ra theo sau sự việc khác.
Ví dụ:
If David has any money, he spends it. / Nếu David có đồng nào, anh ấy sẽ tiêu đồng ấy.
Có thể sử dụng “will” trong mệnh đề IF khi chúng ta đưa ra yêu cầu
Ví dụ:
If you’ll wait a moment, I’ll find someone to help you. (= Please wait a moment … ) / Nếu bạn đợi một lát, tôi sẽ tìm người giúp bạn.
Có thể sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (chẳng hạn như “are doing”) hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành (chẳng hạn như “have done”) trong mệnh đề IF
Ví dụ:
If we’re expecting a lot of visitors, the museum will need a good clean. / Nếu chúng ta muốn có nhiều khách tham quan thì bảo tàng cần thật sạch sẽ.
3. BÀI TẬP
3.1. Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1) If I _____ (study), I _____ (pass) the exams.
2) If the sun _____ (shine), we _____ (walk) to the town.
3) If he _____ (have) a temperature, he _____ (see) the doctor.
4) If my friends _____ (come), I _____ (be) very happy.
5) If she _____ (earn) a lot of money, she _____ (fly) to New York.
6) If we _____ ( travel) to London, we _____ (visit) the museums.
7) If you _____ (wear) sandals in the mountains, you _____ (slip) on the rocks.
8) If Rita _____ (forget) her homework, the teacher _____ (give) her a low mark.
9) If they _____ (go) to the disco, they _____ (listen) to loud music.
10) If you _____ (wait) a minute, I _____ (ask) my parents.
3.2. Bài tập 2: Sử dụng những thông tin sau đây để tạo câu điều kiện sử dụng “IF”
1. Rita might fail her driving test. But she can take it again.
_____________________________________________
2. Liverpool might lose. If they do, Terry will be upset.
_____________________________________________
3. The office may be closed. In that case, Mike won't be able to get in.
_____________________________________________
4. Cathy may arrive a bit early. If she does, she can help her mother to get things ready.
_______________________________________
5. The party might go on all night. If it does, no one will want to do any work tomorrow.
_____________________________________________
6. Alice may miss the train. But she can get the next one.
_____________________________________________
7. Is Jack going to enter the race? He'll probably win it.
_____________________________________________
8. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson
_____________________________________________
9. Fail to pay and they will cut off the electricity.
_____________________________________________
10. Don’t touch that wire or you may get an electric shock.
_____________________________________________
3.3. Bài tập 3: Supply the suitable forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. If it rains tomorrow, we ____ (stay) at home.
2. If Walter ____(get) the job, he can earn a lot of money.
3. If it ____(not rain) this afternoon, we will play soccer.
4. If I _____(see) Emily, I will give her the book.
5. If you don’t hurry, we ____(be) late for class.
6. If Helen drives carefully, she _____(not have) any accidents.
7. If you _____(mail) the letter now, he may receive it on Friday.
8. He will go to the pharmacy if he ____(need) some medicine.
9. If Robin ____(drink) too much coffee, he will feel ill.
10. If you see Rachel, ____(tell) her to visit my sister.
3.4. Bài tập 4: Bài tập chia động từ trong ngoặc sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1
1. If you (send) ____this letter now, she (receive) _____will receive it tomorrow.
2. If I (do) _____this test, I (improve) _____my English.
3. If I (find) _____your ring, I (give) _____it back to you.
4. Peggy (go) _____shopping if she (have) _____time in the afternoon.
5. Simon (go) _____to London next week if he (get) _____a cheap flight.
6. If her boyfriend (phone / not) _____today, she (leave) _____him.
7. If they (study / not) _____harder, they (pass / not) _____the exam.
8. If it (rain) _____tomorrow, I (have to / not) _____water the plants.
9. You (be able/ not) _____to sleep if you (watch) _____this scary film.
10. Susan (can / move / not) _____into the new house if it (be / not) _____ready on time.
3.5. Bài tập 5: Sử dụng cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại một để hoàn thành các câu bài tập bên dưới
1. If Caroline and Sue (prepare)_____ the salad, Phil (decorate)_____ the house.
2. If Sue (cuts)_____ the onions for the salad, Caroline (peel)_____ the mushrooms.
3. Jane (hoover)_____ the sitting room if Aaron and Tim (move) the furniture.
4. If Bob (tidies) up the kitchen, Anita will (clean) the toilet.
5. Elaine ( buy)____ the drinks if somebody (helps)____ her carry the bottles.
6. If Alan and Rebecca (organize)____ the food, Mary and Conor (make)____ the sandwiches.
7. If Bob (looks)____ after the barbecue, Sue (let)____ the guests in.
8. Frank (play)____ the DJ if the others (bring)____ along their CDs.
9. Alan (mix) the drinks if Jane (gives) him some of her cocktail recipes.
10. If they all (do)____ their best, the party (be) ____great.
3.6. Bài tập 6: Viết lại câu
We’ll have a nap after lunch if we ……………………. sleepy.
I won’t know his phone number. I won’t be able to give him a ring.
If I …………………………… his phone number, I won’t be able to give him a ring.
John will be at work. He won’t go with us.
As long as John ………………… at work, he won’t go with us.
He won’t like the monitor. He can send it back to the shop.
Provided that he …………………. the monitor, he can send it back to the shop.
We won’t help you. We won’t have enough time.
We won’t help you if we …………………. enough time.
You will choose some other hotel. You won’t be happy about it.
You will choose some other hotel unless you …………….. happy about it.
Take up this course. You will like it.
If you …………………….. this course, you will like it.
Don’t tell your parents. They will be surprised.
Unless you ……………………….. your parents, they will be surprised.
You won’t eat anything. You’ll be hungry.
If you …………………………. anything, you’ll be hungry.
We’ll set off tomorrow. The weather will be good.
We’ll set off tomorrow on condition that the weather ………………….. good.
3.7. Bài tập 7: Tìm các lỗi sai trong câu
Ví dụ:
If you will help me, we will finish in time. help____________
_____________________________________
Sarah doesn’t come to the party if you don’t invite her. _______________
If we’ll order the new TV set tomorrow, we’ll get it on Friday. _______________
Nobody will like you if you won’t change your behavior. _______________
You won’t be able to use grammar correctly unless you don’t understand it. _______________
As long as you won’t make a mess in my bedroom, you can share it with me. _______________
You’ll get a discount providing you’ll have their loyalty card. _______________
Suppose they will win the match, will they be in the finals? _______________
I get rid of my old car if you don’t need it. _______________
We’ll take some sandwiches with us in case we’ll be hungry. _______________
He’ll speak to us on condition that we won’t mention his name in the article. _______________
4. ĐÁP ÁN
4.1. Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1. If I study, I will pass the exams.
2. If the sun shines, we will walk to the town.
3. If he has a temperature, he will see the doctor.
4. If my friends come, I will be very happy.
5. If she earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York.
6. If we travel to London, we will visit the museums.
7. If you wear sandals in the mountains, you will slip on the rocks.
8. If Rita forgets her homework, the teacher will give her a low mark.
9. If they go to the disco, they can listen to loud music.
10. If you wait a minute, I will ask my parents.
4.2. Bài tập 2: Sử dụng những thông tin sau đây để tạo câu điều kiện sử dụng “IF”
1. If Rita fails her driving test, she can take it again.
2. If Liverpool is won, Terry will be upset
3. If the office is closed, Mike will be able to get in
4. If Cathy arrives a bit early, she can help her mother to get things ready.
5. If the party is go on all night, no one will want to do any work tomorrow.
6. If Alice misses the train, she can get the next one.
7. If Jack is going to enter the race, he'll probably win it.
8. If you don’t stop talking, you won’t understand the lesson.
9. If you fail to pay, they’ll cut off the electricity
10. If you touch that wire, you may get an electricity shock.
4.3. Bài tập 3: Supply the suitable forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. will stay
2. gets
3. doesn’t rain
4. see
5. will be
6. won’t have
7. mail
8. needs
9. drinks
10. tell
4.4. Bài tập 4: Bài tập chia động từ trong ngoặc sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1
1. If you send this letter now, she will receive it tomorrow.
2. If I do this test, I will improve my English.
3. If I find your ring, I will give it back to you.
4. Peggy will go shopping if she has time in the afternoon.
5. Simon will go to London next week if he gets a cheap flight.
6. If her boyfriend does not phone today, she will leave him.
7. If they do not study harder, they will not pass the exam.
8. If it rains tomorrow, I will not have to water the plants.
9. You will not be able to sleep if you watch this scary film.
10. Susan cannot move into the new house if it is not ready on time.
4.5. Bài tập 5: Sử dụng cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại một để hoàn thành các câu bài tập bên dưới
1. If Caroline and Sue prepare the salad, Phil will decoratethe house.
2. If Sue cuts the onions for the salad, Caroline will peelthe mushrooms.
3. Jane will hoover the sitting room if Aaron and Tim movethe furniture.
4. If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet.
5. Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.
6. If Alan and Rebecca organize the food, Mary and Conor will make the sandwiches.
7. If Bob looks after the barbecue, Sue will letthe guests in.
8. Frank will play the DJ if the others bring along their CDs.
9. Alan will mix the drinks if Jane giveshim some of her cocktail recipes.
10. If they all do their best, the party will be great.
4.6. Bài tập 6: Viết lại câu
We’ll have a nap after lunch if we are sleepy.
If I don’t know his phone number, I won’t be able to give him a ring.
As long as John is at work, he won’t go with us.
Provided that he doesn’t like the monitor, he can send it back to the shop.
We won’t help you if we don’t have enough time.
You will choose some other hotel unless you are happy about it.
If you take up this course, you will like it.
Unless you tell your parents, they will be surprised.
If you don’t eat anything, you’ll be hungry.
We’ll set off tomorrow on condition that the weather is good.
4.7. Bài tập 7: Tìm các lỗi sai trong câu
Sarah doesn’t come to the party if you don’t invite her. won’t come
If we’ll order the new TV set tomorrow, we’ll get it on Friday. we order
Nobody will like you if you won’t change your behavior. don’t change
You won’t be able to use grammar correctly unless you don’t understand it. you understand
As long as you won’t make a mess in my bedroom, you can share it with me. don’t make
You’ll get a discount providing you’ll have their loyalty card. you have
Suppose they will win the match, will they be in the finals? they win
I get rid of my old car if you don’t need it. I’ll get rid
We’ll take some sandwiches with us in case we’ll be hungry. we are
He’ll speak to us on condition that we won’t mention his name in the article. don’t mention
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- Phương pháp phân biệt mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
- Phương pháp phân biệt whose và who, whom, who’s trong Tiếng Anh
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