Present perfect tense

THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Present perfect tense) diễn tả sự việc đã xảy ra ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ. Ở đây thời gian cụ thể không còn quan trọng nữa. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành không dùng chung với những cụm từ chỉ thời gian cụ thể như: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, v.v. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng chung với những cụm từ mang nghĩa thời gian không xác định như: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, v.v.

Câu khẳng định	Câu phủ định	Câu nghi vấn
- S+ have/has + V3 + (O) Ví dụ: I have spoken to him. I've been at this school for 10 years.	- S+ have not/has not + V3 + (O) - S+ haven't/hasn't+ V3 + (O) Ví dụ: I haven't spoken to him yet. I haven't ever been to Argentina.	- (Từ để hỏi) + have/has + S+ V3 + (O)? Ví dụ: Have you spoken to him yet? How long have you been at this school?

2.1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để nói về các sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại:

VD: I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is. (Tôi đã làm vỡ đồng hồ nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ.)

They have cancelled the meeting. (Họ đã hủy buổi họp.)

She's taken my copy. I don't have one. (Cô ấy đã lấy bản của tôi. Tôi không có cái nào.)

The sales team has doubled its turnover. (Phòng kinh doanh đã tăng doanh số bán hàng lên gấp đôi.)

2.2. Khi nói về sự việc mới diễn ra gần đây, dùng các từ như 'just' 'already' hay 'yet'.

We've already talked about that. (Chúng ta đã nói về việc đó.)

She hasn't arrived yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa đến.)

I've just done it. (Tôi vừa làm việc đó.)

They've already met. (Họ đã gặp nhau.)

They haven't known yet. (Họ vẫn chưa biết.)

Have you spoken to him yet? (Anh đã nói chuyện với anh ta chưa?)

Have they got back to you yet? (Họ đã trả lời cho anh chưa?)

2.3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để nói về sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại. Cách dùng này sẽ sử dụng 'since' và 'for' để cho biết sự việc đã kéo dài bao lâu.

I have been a teacher for more than ten years. (Tôi dạy học đã hơn 10 năm.)

We haven't seen Janine since Friday. (Chúng tôi đã không gặp Janine từ thứ Sáu.)

- How long have you been at this school? (Anh công tác ở trường này bao lâu rồi?)

- For 10 years/Since 2002. (Được 10 năm rồi/Từ năm 2002.)

2.4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng khi nói về trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm, thường dùng 'ever' và 'never' khi nói về kinh nghiệm.

Have you ever been to Argentina? (Anh đã từng đến Argentina chưa?)

I think I have seen that movie before. (Tôi nghĩ trước đây tôi đã xem bộ phim đó.)

Has he ever talked to you about the problem? (Anh ấy có nói với anh về vấn đề này chưa?)

I've never met Jim and Sally. (Tôi chưa bao giờ gặp Jim và Sally.)

We've never considered investing in Mexico. (Chúng tôi chưa bao giờ xem xét việc đầu tư ở Mexico.

2.5. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nói về sự việc xảy ra và lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ.

We've been to Singapore a lot over the last few years. (Những năm vừa qua, chúng tôi đi Singapre rất nhiều lần.)

She's done this type of project many times before. (Cô ấy đã làm loại dự án này rất nhiều lần.)

We've mentioned it to them on several occasions over the last six months. (Trong 6 tháng vừa rồi, chúng tôi đã nhắc việc này với họ rất nhiều lần rồi.)

The army has attacked that city five times. (Quân đội đã tấn công thành phố đó 5 lần.)

I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. (Tôi đã làm 4 bài kiểm tra và 5 bài thi trong học kỳ này.)

She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. (Bà ấy đã nói với nhiều chuyên gia về vấn đề của bà, nhưng chưa ai tìm ra được nguyên nhân bà bị bệnh.)

3.1. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành

1. There is no more cheese. I (eat)……………. it all, I’m afraid.

2. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.

3. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).

4. It’ll soon get warm in here. I (turn)……….. the heating on.

5. ………They (pay)…….. money for your mother?

6. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.

7. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.

8. ………You ever (eat)………….. Sushi?

9. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.

10. I (work…………..) here for three years.

11. ………… You ever …………..(be) to New York?

12. You (not/do) ………….your project yet, I suppose.

13. I just (see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about half of the plan.

14. I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.

15. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.

16. She (not/have) ……………any fun a long time.

17. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.

18. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)………. one since Thursday.

19. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)…………. each other for five years.

20. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.

21. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.

22. How long…….. (you/know)………. each other?

23. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?

24. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?

25. He (live) ………….here all his life..

26. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?

27. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.

28. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.

29. She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.

30. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. There is no more cheese. I (eat)……has eaten………. it all, I’m afraid.

2. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………have made….. a mistake.

3. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ……has started…….(start).

4. It’ll soon get warm in here. I (turn)……have turned….. the heating on.

5. ……Have…They (pay)……paid.. money for your mother?

6. Someone (take)………has taken………. my bicycle.

7. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……have finished………. my dinner.

8. …Have……You ever (eat)……eaten…….. Sushi?

9. She (not/come)……hasn't come……… here for a long time.

10. I (work……have worked……..) here for three years.

11. ……Have…… You ever ……been……..(be) to New York?

12. You (not/do) ……haven't done…….your project yet, I suppose.

13. I just (see)…have jut seen……. Andrew and he says he …has…..already (do)……done…. about half of the plan.

14. I ……have…..just (decide)……decided… to start working next week.

15. He (be)……has been……. at his computer for seven hours.

16. She (not/have) …hasn't had…………any fun a long time.

17. My father (not/ play)…hasn't paid….. any sport since last year.

18. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)……haven't had…. one since Thursday.

19. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)……haven't seen……. each other for five years.

20. I…have… just (realize)………realized…... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.

21. The train drivers (go)…have gone…… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.

22. How long……have.. (you/know)……known…. each other?

23. …Have…….(You/ take)………taken… many photographs?

24. (She/ eat)………Has she eaten………. at the Royal Hotel yet?

25. He (live) ……has lived…….here all his life..

26. Is this the second time he (lose)……has losen………. his job?

27. How many bottles………has… the milkman (leave) ……left…….? He (leave) ……has left….. six.

28. I (buy)……has bought……. a new carpet. Come and look at it.

29. She (write)……has written…….. three poems about her fatherland.

30. We (finish) ………have finished……………three English courses.

3.2. Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:

1) This is the first time he went abroad.

=> He hasn't......................................................................................................................

2) She started driving 1 month ago.

=> She has.................................................................................................................

3) We began eating when it started to rain.

=> We have................................................................................................................

4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.

=> I haven't................................................................................................................

5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.

=> She hasn't.............................................................................................................

6) It is a long time since we last met.

=> We haven't.............................................................................................................

7) When did you have it?

=> How long...........................................................................................................?

8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.

=> I haven't................................................................................................................

9) I haven't seen him for 8 days.

=> The last................................................................................................................

10) I haven't taken a bath since Monday.

=> It is........................................................................................................................

ĐÁP ÁN

1. He hasn’t never gone abroad before.

2. She has driven for 1 month.

3. We have eaten since it started raining.

4. I haven’t cut my hair since I left her.

5. She has kissed me for 5 months.

6. We haven’t met (each other) for a long time.

7. How long have you had it?

8. I haven’t never eaten such a delicious meal before.

9. The last time I saw him was 8 days.

10. It is …. days since I last took a bath.

3.3. Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ra thì simple past hoặc present perfect:

1) We (study)...............a very hard lesson the day before yesterday............................

2) We (study)................................................almost every lesson in this book so far.................

3) We (never watch)..........................that television program...........................

4) We (watch).....................an interesting program on television last night...............

5) My wife and I........................................(travel) by air many times in the past

6) My wife and I (travel).................................. to Mexico by air last summer

7) I (read)..................that novel by Hemingway sevaral times before.

8) I (read).........................that novel again during my last vacation.

9) I (had).........................a little trouble with my car last week.

10) However, I (have)......................... no trouble with my car since then.

11) I (have ) ………………..this toy since my birthday.

12) We (live )………………….in HN for ten years now and like it a lot.

13) The last time I (go) ……………………to HN was in May

14) When my parents were on holiday I ( stay)……………… with my aunt for a week

15) I (not see ) my son for ages .He (not visit ) ……………………..me since May

16) Tom ( be) …………….to HN twice .He loves it very much

17) My sister (work ) ……………………for an enterprise for two years .That was after college

18) I (move)……………… to HN in 2001 .I (be ) ………….there a long time now

19) It was so cold today that I (wear)…………… a sweater at school

20) So far this month there (be )……………………. three robberies in this street

21) When I was young I (meet )…………..him three times

22) In the past few years ,it (become )………….. more and more difficult to get into university

23) I (feel )………………better since I ( live) ……………….here

24) Since I (be ) ……………………in this city I ( not see)…………… him

ĐÁP ÁN

1 - studied; 2 - have studied; 3 - have never watched; 4 - watched;

5 - had travelled; 6 - travelled; 7 - have read; 8 - read;

9 - had; 10 - have had; 11 - have had; 12 - has lived;

13 - has gone; 14 - has stayed; 15 - haven't seen - hasn't visited; 16 - has been;

17 - has worked; 18 - moved - have been; 19 - have worn; 20 - has been;

21 - met; 22 - became; 23 - have been - lived; 24 - was - haven't seen;

3.4. Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng

1. When ____________ the school?

A) have you joined

B) did you joined

C) did you join

D) have you ever joined

2. _____________ in England?

A) Did you ever worked

B) Have you ever worked

C) Worked you

D) Didn't you have worked

3. That's the best speech _________

B) I never heard

B) I didn't hear

C) I used to hear

D) I've ever heard

4. He's the most difficult housemate _____________________

A) I never dealt with.

B) I never had to deal with.

C) I've ever had to deal with.

D) I've never had to deal with

5. ______ to him last week.

A) I spoke

B) I've already spoken

C) I didn't spoke

D) I speaked

6. _____a contract last year and it is still valid.

A) We have signed

B) We signed

C) We haven't signed

D) We have sign

7. ______ from a business trip to France.

A) I come back

B) I came back

C) I never came back

D) I've just come back

8. Prices ________ in 1995 but then _____ in 1996.

A) rised _ falled

B) rose _ fell

C) have risen _ have fallen

D) rose _ have fallen

9. You ____________ to a word ____________

A) listened _ I haven't said

B) didn't listen _ I say

C) listened _ saying

D) haven't listened _ I've said back

10. I can't believe that ________________ the news.

A) you haven't read

B) you didn't read

C) you don't read

D) you read not.

ĐÁP ÁN

1 - C; 2 - B; 3 - D; 4 - C; 5 - C; 6 - B; 7 - D; 8 - B; 9 - D; 10 - A;

3.5. Chia động từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành

1. I have not worked today.

2. We (buy)..............a new lamp.

3. We (not/ plan)..............our holiday yet.

4. Where (be/ you)?

5. He (write)..............five letters.

6. She (not/ see)..............him for a long time.

7. (be/ you)..............at school?

8. School (not/ start)..............yet.

9. (speak/ he)..............to his boss?

10. No, he (have/ not)..............the time yet.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. I have not worked today.

2. We have bought a new lamp.

3. We have not planned our holiday yet.

4. Where have you been?

5. He has written five letters.

6. She has not seen him for a long time.

7. Have you been at school?

8. School has not started yet.

9. Has he spoken to his boss?

10. No, he has not had the time yet.

3.6. Bài tập Hiện tại hoàn thành và Quá khứ đơn

1) I.........my Maths homework yesterday. (to do)

2).........Susan.........to England by plane? (to go)

3) They.........a farm two weeks ago. (to visit)

4) Jenny and Peggy.........their brother. (not/to help)

5) The children.........at home last weekend. (not/to be)

6) When.........you.........this wonderful skirt? (to design)

7) My mother.........into the van. (not/to crash)

8) The boys.........the mudguards of their bicycles. (to take off)

9).........you.........your aunt last week? (to phone)

10) He.........milk at school. (not/to drink)

11) The police.........two people early this morning. (to arrest)

12) She.........to Japan but now she.........back. (to go - to come)

13) Dan.........two tablets this year. (already/to buy)

14) How many games.........so far this season? (your team/to win)

15).........the CN Tower when you.........in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)

16).........your homework yet? – Yes, I.........it an hour ago. (you/to do - to finish)

17) There.........an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school. (to be)

18) I.........Peter since I.........last Tuesday. (not/to see - to arrive)

19) Frank.........his bike last May. So he.........it for 4 months. (to get - to have)

20) I'm sorry, I.........earlier, but I.........a lot lately. (not/to write - to work)

21) Peter......... football yesterday.

22) They......... the car. It looks new again.

23) Last year we......... to Italy.

24) John and Peggy......... the book. Now they can watch the film.

25) I......... my friend two days ago.

26) We......... another country before.

27) She......... a new car in 2011.

28) I'm sorry, but I......... my homework.

29)......... the game of chess?

30) The girls......... their lunch yet.

31) I.........my keys, so I can't open that door. (to lose)

32) Columbus.........in the New World in 1492. (to arrive)

33) Nina.........her leg. She is still in hospital. (to break)

34) He.........here all his life. (to live)

35) Colin.........for Brazil this morning. (to leave)

36) Last winter Robin.........with his father in the Alps for three days. (to stay)

37) Ellen.........with her left hand. (always/to write)

38) She.........a language course in Paris last summer. (to do)

39).........anyone.........yet? (to phone)

40) I.........Paul today, but I.........him last Sunday.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. I did my Maths homework yesterday.

2. Did Susan go to England by plane?

3. They visited a farm two weeks ago.

4. Jenny and Peggy did not help their brother.

5. The children were not at home last weekend.

6. When did you design this wonderful skirt?

7. My mother did not crash into the van.

8. The boys took off the mudguards of their bicycles.

9. Did you phone your aunt last week?

10. He did not drink milk at school.

11. The police arrested two people early this morning.

12. She went to Japan but now she has come back.

13. Dan has already bought two tablets this year.

14.How many games has your team won so far this season?

15. Did you visit the CN Tower when you stayed in Toronto?

16. Have you done your homework yet? – Yes, I finished it an hour ago.

17. There has been an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school.

18. I have not seen Peter since I arrived last Tuesday.

19. Frank got his bike last May. So he has had it for 4 months.

20. I'm sorry, I have not written earlier, but I have worked a lot lately

21. Peter played football yesterday.

22. They have cleaned the car. It looks new again.

23. Last year we went to Italy.

24. John and Peggy have just read the book. Now they can watch the film.

25. I met my friend two days ago.

26. We have never visited another country before.

27. She bought a new car in 2011.

28. I'm sorry, but I have forgotten my homework.

29. Did you win the game of chess?

30. The girls have not eaten their lunch yet.

31. I have lost my keys, so I can't open that door.

32. Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492.

33. Nina has broken her leg. She is still in hospital.

34. He has lived here all his life.

35. Colin left for Brazil this morning.

36. Last winter Robin stayed with his father in the Alps for three days.

37. Ellen has always written with her left hand.

38. She did a language course in Paris last summer.

39. Has anyone phoned yet?

40. I have not seen Paul today, but I saw him last Sunday.

3.7. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.

1. This last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.

=> She hasn't............................................................................................................

2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.

=> He has.................................................................................................................

3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.

=> We have................................................................................................................

4. I last had my hair cut in November.

=> I haven't................................................................................................................

5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.

=> We haven't.............................................................................................................

6. It is a long time since we last met.

=> We haven't.............................................................................................................

7. When did you have it?

=> How long...........................................................................................................?

8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.

=> I have never................................................................................................................

9. I haven't seen him for 8 days.

=> The last................................................................................................................

10. To day is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.

=> It is........................................................................................................................

ĐÁP ÁN

1. She hasn't come back hometown for 4 years.

2. He has worked as a bank clerk for 3 months.

3. We have not flown to Singapore for 5 years.

4. I haven't had my hair cut since November.

5. We haven't called each other for 5 months.

6. We haven't met each other for a long time.

7. How long have you had it?

8. I have never had such a delicious meal.

9. The last time I saw him was 8 days ago.

10. Today is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.

(It is three days since I last took a bath.)

3.8. Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.

1. I haven’t cutted my hair since last June.

…………………………………………..

2. She has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.

…………………………………………..

3. The lesson haven’t started yet.

…………………………………………..

4. Has the cat eat yet?

…………………………………………..

5. I am worried that I hasn’t still finished my homework yet.

…………………………………………..

6. I have just decided to start working next week.

…………………………………………..

7. He has been at his computer since seven hours.

…………………………………………..

8. She hasn’t received any good news since a long time.

…………………………………………..

9.My father hasn’t played any sport for last year.

…………………………………………..

10. I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t had one since Thursday.

…………………………………………..

ĐÁP ÁN

1. cutted => cut

2. working => worked

3. haven’t => hasn’t

4. eat => eaten

5. hasn’t => haven’t

6. Đúng

7. since => for

8. since => for

9. for => since

10. hasn’t => haven’t

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