Đề thi thử THPT QG môn Anh trường THPT Chuyên KHTN - Hà Nội - lần 1
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
The world is losing languages at an alarming rate. Michael Krauss suggested that of the approximately 6,000 human languages alive today, only 350 to 500 are safe from extinction. Some linguists estimate that a language dies every two weeks or so. At the current rate, by 2100, about 2,500 native languages could disappear.
Languages become extinct for many reasons. Through imperialism, colonizers impose their languages on colonies. Some politicians believe multilingualism will fragment national interests. Thus they prohibit education in all but the national language. Another reason for language death is the spread of more powerful languages. In the world today, several languages, including English, are so dominant in commerce, science, and education, that languages with fewer speakers have trouble competing.
Although in the past, governments have been one of the primary causes of language death, many have now become champions of preserving endangered languages and have had some significant successes. Two outstanding examples are the revival of Hebrew and Irish. Hebrew was considered a dead language, like Latin, but is now the national language of Israel. Irish was not dead, but severely threatened by English when the government of Ireland began its rescue immediately after the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. All students in public schools must now take some classes in Irish and there are Irish programs in major media, such as television and radio. According to the Irish government, approximately 37% of the population of Ireland now speaks Irish.
One of the largest programs to revive languages, Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL), is being conducted by three U.S. government agencies: the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Museum of Natural History. Researchers funded by these agencies are recording interviews with the mostly elderly people who still speak the languages. Analyses of these interviews will help linguists publish dictionaries and grammars of the languages. Eventually, linguists hope to establish language-training programs where younger people can learn the languages, carrying them on into the future.
The linguists participating in DEL defend spending millions of dollars to preserve dying languages. They point out that when a language dies, humanity loses all of the knowledge of the world that that culture held. Traditional healers in rural areas have given scientists important leads in finding new medicines; aspirin is an example of these. But one of the most common reasons given by these researchers is that studying languages gives us insight into the radically different way humans organize their world. David Lightfoot, an official at the National Science foundation, gives the example of Guguyimadjir, and Australian aboriginal language, in which there are no words for “right” or left,” only for “north,” “south,” “east,” and “west.”
Many researchers are optimistic that the efforts to save dying languages will succeed, at least in part. Bruce L. Cole, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities, said, “Not only is this a time of great potential loss, it is also a moment for enormous potential gain. In this modern age of computers and our growing technological capabilities, we can preserve, assemble, analyze, and understand unprecedented riches of linguistic and cultural information.”
Question 1: What is the best title for this passage?
A. Similarities between Engendered Species
B. Preserving Endangered Languages
C. Linguistic Globalization
D. How Languages Die and Efforts to Revive Them
Question 2: According to the passage, which language is a dead language?
A. Irish B. English C. Hebrew D. Latin
Question 3: It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______.
A. It is the Governments that make the right policies on language preservation.
B. No governments can preserve languages once they have disappeared.
C. Governments are more concerned with their imperialism than language preservation.
D. Governments take education as the tool to spread their languages.
Question 4: The word “revive” in paragraph 4 mostly means _______.
A. bring in B. bring back C. regain D. retain
Question 5: According to the passage, what would linguists in the DEL project like to do someday?
A. Record interviews with elderly people
B. Get funding from the government
C. Teach endangered languages to young people
D. Write a dictionary and grammar for Irish
Question 6: The word “these” in paragraph 5 refers to ______.
A. dying languages B. traditional healers C. important leads D. new medicines
Question 7: David Lightfoot gives the example of Guguyimadjir in order to ______.
A. protest against spending millions of dollars to preserve dying languages
B. describe how humanity loses all of the knowledge of the world through dead languages
C. prove that languages give us insight into different ways humans organize their world
D. show how language preservation helps traditional healers in rural areas find new medicines
Question 8: How would you describe Bruce Cole’s opinion of the DEL project?
A. He thinks that we will lose the fight to save endangered languages.
B. He believes that it isn’t worth the time and energy required to save languages.
C. He believes we can save significant amounts of information about languages.
D. He thinks that we will be able to save Guguyimadjir, the aboriginal language.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
| Question 9: | A. daunt | B. astronaut | C. vaulting | D. aunt |
| Question 10: | A. clear | B. treasure | C. spread | D. dread |
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
| Question 11: | A. leftover | B. conical | C. sacrifice | D. supportive |
| Question 12: | A. swallow | B. confide | C. maintain | D. install |
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 13: Harry does not eat like a horse anymore.
A. Harry used to eat like a horse.
B. Harry used to eat a horse.
C. Harry does not like a horse.
D. Harry has never eaten too much.
Question 14: “How long have you been in this job?” She asked him.
A. She asked him how long he has been in that job.
B. She asked him how long has he been in that job.
C. She asked him how long he had been in that job.
D. She asked him how long had he been in that job.
Question 15: People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars.
A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars.
B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area.
C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area.
D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 16: Hans told us about his investing in the company. He did it on his arrival at the meeting.
A. Only after investing in the company did Hans inform us of his arrival at the meeting.
B. Not until Hans told us that he would invest in the company did he arrive at the meeting.
C. Hardly had he informed us about his investing in the company when Hans arrived at the meeting.
D. No sooner had Hans arrived at the meeting than he told us about his investing in the company.
Question 17: William Clark was not granted the rank of captain. Captain Lewis more or less ignored this and treated Clark as his equal in authority and rank.
A. William Clark was not granted the rank of captain because Captain Lewis more or less ignored this and treated Clark as his equal in authority and rank.
B. William Clark was not granted the rank of captain, thus Captain Lewis more or less ignored this and treated Clark as his equal in authority and rank.
C. Although William Clark was not granted the rank of captain, Captain Lewis more or less ignored this and treated Clark as his equal in authority and rank.
D. As William Clark was not granted the rank of captain, Captain Lewis more or less ignored this and treated Clark as his equal in authority and rank.
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