CẤU TRÚC IT IS SAID THAT... TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1. Lý thuyết
1.1. Cách dùng cấu trúc It is said that:
- Cấu trúc It is said that là dạng câu tường thuật thường sử dụng để đưa tin về một vấn đề nào đó.
- Thông thường, cấu trúc It is said that.... sử dụng trong các câu bị động.
1.2. Cấu trúc It is said that.... trong câu bị động:
Trong câu chủ động: S1 + say + that + S2 + V2 + …
Trong câu bị động: It is said that + S2 + V2 + …
Ex: People say that John is the most intelligent student in his class.
(Mọi người nói rằng John là học sinh thông minh nhất trong lớp của anh ấy).
➔ It is said that John is the most intelligent student in his class.
(Nó được nói rằng John là học sinh thông minh nhất trong lớp của anh ấy).
*Notes:
– Khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động cần chú ý động từ Say chia ở thì nào thì chia động từ Tobe của cấu trúc It is said that ở thì động từ đó.
– Từ said trong cấu trúc It is said that có thể thay thế bằng các từ thought (nghĩ), believed (tin tưởng), supposed (cho là), reported (báo cáo, tường thuật), expected (mong đợi), known (biết), considered (xem xét).
III. Cách biến đổi khác của cấu trúc It is said that:
It is said that + S1 + V1 + …
➔ S1 + (tobe) + said + to Vinf… (Khi V1 cùng thì với tobe)
➔ S1 + (tobe) + said + to have Ved/PII +… (Khi V1 khác thì với tobe)
Ex:
1. It is said that my grandfather is 100 years old.
(Nó được nói rằng ông của tôi 100 tuổi).
➔ My grandfather is said to be 100 years old.
(Ông của tôi được nói rằng được 100 tuổi).
2. It is said that they built this house 5 years ago.
(Nó được nói rằng họ đã xây ngôi nhà này 5 năm trước).
➔ They are said to have built this house 5 years ago.
(Họ được nói đã xây ngôi nhà này 5 năm trước).
2. Bài tập
Exercise 1:
1. People say that his family has a lot of money in his house.
➔ It is said that _________________________________.
➔ His family is said ______________________________.
2. People say that the train leaves at 12 a.m.
➔ It is said that _____________________.
➔ The train is said ___________________.
3. People say that Wind passed the exam last week.
➔ It is said that __________________________.
➔ Wind is said __________________________.
4. People say that we have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months.
➔ It is said that _________________________________.
➔ We are said __________________________________.
5. People say that Jun is a handsome boy.
➔ It is said that __________________.
➔ Jun is said ____________________.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. ➔ It is said that his family has a lot of money in his house.
➔ His family is said to have a lot of money in his house. (cùng thì)
2. ➔ It is said that the train leaves at 12 a.m.
➔ The train is said to leave at 12 a.m. (cùng thì)
3. ➔ It is said that Wind passed the exam last week.
➔ Wind is said to have passed the exam last week. (khác thì)
4. ➔ It is said that we have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months.
➔ We are said to have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months.
(khác thì nhưng chỉ dùng 1 lần have)
5. ➔ It is said that Jun is a handsome boy.
➔ Jun is said to be a handsome boy. (cùng thì)
Exercise 2:
1. People think that the new prime minister is a good speaker.
➔ It is ___________________________________
➔ The new prime minister __________________
2) They report that the suspended gunman is in custody.
➔ The suspended _________________________
➔ It is __________________________________
3) People don't expect that the new party will win the election.
➔ It isn't ________________________________
➔ The new ______________________________
4) The police say that the principal is at large.
➔ It is _________________________________
➔ The principal _________________________
5) The detective knows that the robber has left the city.
➔ It is _________________________________
➔ The robber ___________________________
6) People believe that giving encouragement is important at work, too.
➔ It is ___________________________________
➔ Giving encouragement ____________________
7) They told us that Charles drank too much at the party.
➔ It was _________________________________
➔ Charles ________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
1. ➔ It is thought that the new prime minister is a good speaker
➔ The new prime minister is thought to be a good speaker
2. ➔ The suspended gunman is reported to be in custody.
➔ It is reported that the suspended gunman is in custody.
3. ➔ It isn't expected that the new party will win the election.
➔ The new party isn't expected to win the election.
4. ➔ It is said that the principal is at large.
➔ The principal is said to be at large.
5. ➔ It is known that the robber has left the city.
➔ The robber is known to have left the city.
6. ➔ It is believed that giving encouragement is important at work, too.
➔ Giving encouragement is believed to be important at work, too.
7. ➔ It was told that Charles drank too much at the party.
➔ Charles was told to have drunk too much at the party.
Exercise 3:
1. It is said that the thief stole several wallets.
The thief ________________________________________
2. The Sun was believed to move round the Earth.
It was __________________________________________
3. The witness was thought to have injured.
It was __________________________________________
4. They believe that the lunch will be delicious.
The lunch is _____________________________________
5. The newspapers reported that he won the jackpot.
He was ________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
1. The thief is said to have stolen several wallets.
2. It was believed that the Sun moves round the Earth.
3. It was thought that the witness injured.
4. The lunch is believed to be delicious.
5. He was reported to have won the jackpot
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