CÂU HỎI GIÁN TIẾP TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1. LÝ THUYẾT
- Mục đích sử dụng câu hỏi gián tiếp (indirect question): lịch sự hơn, trang trọng hơn hoặc ít đối trực hơn.
Chúng ta có thể hỏi câu hỏi trực tiếp (direct question). Ví dụ:
- Where is Brighton Pier? (Brighton Pier ở đâu?)
Hoặc trang trọng hoặc lịch sự hơn, chúng ta có thể hỏi câu hỏi gián tiếp (indirect question):
- I wonder if you could tell me where Brighton Pier is? (Tôi tự hỏi ông có thể chỉ cho tôi Brighton Pier ở đâu không?)
Trật tự trong câu
Khi chúng tạo những câu hỏi gián tiếp, câu hỏi (What time is it? - Mấy giờ rồi?) trở thành một phần của một câu hoặc câu hỏi dài hơn (Do you know...? - Bạn có biết...?) và trật tự trong câu trực tiếp thay đổi. Ví dụ:
Direct: What time is it?
Indirect: Do you know what time it is?
Direct: Why was he late?
Indirect: Can you tell me why he was late?
Direct: What is that?
Indirect: Would you mind telling me what that is?
Sử dụng DO
Khi trong câu không có trợ động từ (be, do have, can, will...), chúng ta cần thêm DO, DOES hoặc DID khi chúng ta tạo câu hỏi trực tiếp. Tuy nhiên, khi chúng ta thay đổi câu này qua câu hỏi gián tiếp, chúng ta không sử dụng động từ DO. Ví dụ:
Direct: When does the lesson end?
Indirect: Could you tell me when the lesson ends?
Direct: What car does she drive?
Indirect: Can you tell me what car she drives?
Direct: How did you make that cake?
Indirect: Would you mind telling me how you made that cake?
Nếu bạn hỏi một câu hỏi khá nhạy cảm, hãy dùng nhữ cách hỏi gián tiếp sau:
- Can you tell me... (Bạn có thể cho tôi biết...)
- Could you tell me... (Ông có thể cho tôi biết...)
- I'd be interested to hear... (Tôi muốn nghe...)
- I'd like to know... (Tôi muốn biết...)
- Would you mind telling me... (Phiền anh nói cho tôi...)
Sử dụng IF hoặc WHETHER
Nếu trong câu hỏi trực tiếp không có những từ hỏi như (who, what, when, why, how), chúng ta cần sử dụng IF hoặc WHETHER trong câu hỏi gián tiếp.
Ví dụ:
- Would you mind telling me if you have applied for a similar position before? (Có phiền không nếu anh cho tôi biết liệu anh đã từng nộp đơn vào vị trí tương tự trước đây hay chưa?)
- Can you tell me what you like most about your present job? (Anh có thể cho tôi biết anh thích công việc hiện tại của mình ở điều gì nhất?)
Một số ví dụ câu hỏi trực tiếp chuyển sang gián tiếp dành cho bạn tham khảo:
Direct: Did she make it on time?
Indirect: Can you tell me if she made it on time?
Hoặc:
Can you tell me whether she made it on time?
Direct: Is this the right bus for Oxford Street?
Indirect: Do you have any idea if this is the right bus for Oxford Street?
Direct: Is she French?
Indirect: Do you know whether she is French (or not)?
Trên đây là một số cách tạo câu hỏi gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh để khiến câu trở nên trang trọng hơn. Hy vọng bài viết sẽ bổ sung một lượng kiến thức mới vừa đủ cho bạn, đồng thời giúp bạn dần hoàn thiện kỹ năng tiếng Anh của mình.
2. LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise on Reported speech
Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp.
1. "Open the door," he said to them.
- He told them...................................................................
2. "Where are you going?" he asked her.
- He asked her where.........................................................
3. "Which way did they go?" he asked.
- He asked... ......................................................................
4. "Bring it back if it doesn't fit", I said to her.
- I told... ............................................................................
5. "Don't try to open it now," she said to us.
- She told... ........................................................................
6. "Is it going to be a fine day today?" I asked her.
- I asked her... ....................................................................
7. "He's not at home", she said.
- She said that... .................................................................
8. "Is the bus station far away?" the girl asked.
- The girl wanted to know... ..............................................
9. "Don't stay out late, Ann" Tom said.
- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................
10. "Please let me borrow your car," he said to her.
- He asked... ........................................................................
11. "Jean, have you seen my gloves?" Thomas asked.
- Thomas asked Jean.....
12. Don't leave the window open, Mary", I said.
- I told Mary.... ...................................................................
13. "I'll have a cup of tea with you," she said.
She said that................................................................
14. "I'll pay him if I can" she said.
- She said that... ...................................................................
15. "What are you going to do next summer?" she asked.
- She asked us.... ...................................................................
16. "I'll phone you tomorrow," he told Jack.
- He told Jack that.... .............................................................
17. "Can I sit beside you, Jean?" Tom asked.
- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................
18. "I want a camera for my birthday," he said.
- He said that.... ...................................................................
19. "Don't keep the door locked," he said to us.
- He told us.... ...................................................................
20. "How long are you going to stay?" I asked him.
- I asked him how long....
21. "Are you going by train?" she asked me.
- She wanted to know.... ..................................................
22. "Don't use too much hot water," she said to us.
- She asked us.... ..............................................................
23. "Will you come to my party?" she said to me.
- She invited me.... ............................................................
24. "Don't do it again," she said to them.
She told them..................................................................
25. " Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?" she asked.
- She asked.......................................................................
26. "Don't get your shoes dirty, boys," she said.
- She told..........................................................................
27. "What do you want for lunch today, Peter?" Mary asked.
- Mary asked.......................................................................
28. "Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?" asked Peter.
- Peter asked if .......................................................................
29. "Why didn't I get a computer before?" thought the office manager.
- The office manager wondered............................................................
30. "You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,'' said John.
- John advised Elizabeth........................................................................
31. "You stole my best cassette, Amanda!" said John.
- John accused.......................................................................................
32. " You damaged my bicycle, John!" said Mary.
- Mary accused......................................................................................
33. "When was your little boy born?" said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
- The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley...............................................................
34. "You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert," the doctor said.
- The doctor advised................................................................................
35. "Will I find a job?", Tim said to himself.
- Tim wondered.......................................................................................
36. "I'm sorry I gave you the wrong number," said Paul to Susan.
- Paul apologized.....................................................................................
37. "When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?" Martha asked.
- Martha asked Peter when.....................................................................
38. "Can I have a new bicycle?" said Anna to her mother.
- Anna asked............................................................................................
39.. "Don't leave the house until I get back, William", his mother said.
- William's mother told..........................................................................
40. "Don't bite your nails," said Mrs. Rogers to her son.
- Mrs. Rogers told....... .............................................................................
41. "I've seen the film three times, Mary" said George.
- George said............................................................................................
42. "I'm sorry, Angela," said Martin, "I'm afraid I've damaged your car.
- Martin apologized..................................................................................
43. "Have you had enough for lunch?" the landlady asked us.
- The landlady asked................................................................................
44. " John, please don't tell anyone my new address," said Mary.
- Mary asked............................................................................................
45. "Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30" said the notice.
- The notice said that..............................................................................
46. "Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?"
- I asked..................................................................................................
47. "Don't forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow"
- She reminded me ................................................................................
48. "Do not write on the wall," said the teacher to the boys.
- The teacher told the boys.......................................................
49. "How many jobs have you had since 2000?" the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
- The interviewer asked ...........................................................................
50. "Why didn't you report the incident to the police?" the officer asked the frightened witness.
- The officer wanted to know...................................................................
3. ĐÁP ÁN
1. He told them to open the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her to bring it back if it didn't fit.
5. She told us not to try to open it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/ if she had seen his gloves.
12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.
15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/ if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not to keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.
21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
23. She invited me to come to her party.
24. She told them not to do it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.
26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn't got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William's mother told him not to leave the house until she got back.
40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.
41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/ if we had had enough for lunch.
44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn't reported the incident to the police.
Trên đây là một phần trích đoạn nội dung Câu hỏi gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh. Để xem thêm nhiều tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích khác các em chọn chức năng xem online hoặc đăng nhập vào trang Chúng tôi để tải tài liệu về máy tính.
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Mời các em tham khảo các tài liệu có liên quan:
- So sánh kép trong Tiếng Anh
- Tổng hợp 265 cấu trúc Tobe trong Tiếng Anh
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