Unit 13: Hobbies - Language Focus

Cleft sentence (Câu chẻ): Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như

• Subject focus (nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ)
• Object focus (nhấn mạnh tân ngữ)
• Adverbial focus (nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ)

2.1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)

a. Với danh từ / đại từ chỉ người

• It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who + V + O …
  • Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.

           → It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.

b. Với danh từ chỉ vật

• It + is / was + Noun + that + V + O …
  • Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.

           → It was her absence at the party that made me sad.

2.2. Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (Object focus)

a. Với danh từ / đại từ chỉ người

• It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who(m) + S + V…
  • Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.

            → It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.

• Note: Khi nhấn mạnh tân ngữ ta có thể dùng “who” thay cho “whom” nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ từ thì không dùng “whom” thay cho “who”.

b. Với danh từ chỉ vật

• It + is / was + Noun + that + S + V …
  • Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.

            → It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.

2.3. Nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ (Adverbial focus)

• It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
  • Ex:  We first met in December.

             → It was in December that we first met.

                   Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village.

             → It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born.

Write the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the subject of the sentence. (Viết các câu sau theo mẫu, chú ý đến chủ ngữ của câu.)

1. The boy visited his uncle last month.
2. My mother bought me a present on my birthday.
3. Huong and Sandra sang together at the party.
4. Nam's father got angry with him.
5. The boys played football all day long.
6. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday.
7. His presence at the meeting frightened the children.

Guide to answer

1. It was the boy who visited his uncle last month.
2. It was my mother who bought me a present on my birthday.
3. It was Huong and Sandra who sang together at the party.
4. It was Nam's father who got angry with him.
5. It was the boys who played football all day long.
6. It was the girl who received a letter from her friend yesterday.
7. It was his presence at the meeting that frightened the children.

Write the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the object of the verb. (Viết các câu sau theo mẫu, chú ý đến tân ngữ của động từ.)

1. The man is learning English.
2. The woman gave him the book.
3. She sent her friend the postcard.
4. Hoa borrowed the book from Long.
5. The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strange language.
6. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions.
7. The dog barked at the stranger.

Guide to answer

1. It is English that the man is learning.
2. It was the book that the woman gave him.
3. It was the postcard that she sent her friend.
4. It was the book that Hoa borrowed from Long.
5. It was his grandfather who/whom the little boy greeted in a strange language.
6. It was the policeman who/whom the pedestrian asked a lot of questions.
7. It was the stranger who/whom the dog barked at.

Write the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the adverbial modifier of the sentence. (Viết các câu sau theo mẫu, chú ý đến trạng ngữ của câu.)

1. The boy hit the dog in the garden.
2. She made some cakes for tea.
3. His father repaired the bicycle for him.
4. She presented him a book on his birthday.
5. He met his wife in Britain.
6. She bought that present from the shop.
7. The meeting started at 8.00 a.m.

Guide to answer

1. It was in the garden that the boy hit the dog.
2. It was for tea that she made some cakes.
3. It was for him that his faster repaired the bicycle.
4. It was on his birthday that she presented him a book.
5. It was in Britain that he met his wife.
6. It was from the shop that she bought that present.
7. It was at 8:00 am that the meeting started.

1. She bought the car from Tom.
2. My secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday.
3. He already plays for national side; he only turned professional last year.
4. The film was made in Bristol.
5. We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend.
6. Columbus sailed to America in 1492.
7. The president makes the important decisions.
8. I'm not looking forward to physics, but I'm most worried about the statistics exam.
9. She's been seeing a doctor at Newtown Hospital, but she's having the operation in the Queen Mary Hospital.
10. Caroline has been feeling a bit depressed for some time, so I booked a holiday in Amsterdam to cheer her up.

Key

1. It was Tom who/ that she bought the car from.
2. It was my secretary who/ that sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday.
3. He already plays for the national side, it was only last year when/that he turned professional.
4. It was in Bristol where/ that the film was made.
5. It is Jane who/ that we are coming to stay with this weekend.
6. It was in 1492 when/ that Columbus sailed to America.
7. It is the president who/ that makes the important decisions.
8. I'm not looking forward to physics, but it is the statistics exam which/that I'm most worried about.
9. She's been seeing a doctor at Newtown Hospital, but it's in the Queen Mary Hospital where/ that she's having the operation.
10. Caroline has been feeling a bit depressed for some time, so it was to cheer her up that I booked a holiday in Amsterdam.

Trên đây là nội dung bài học Language Focus Unit 13 trong chương trình Tiếng Anh lớp 11, để củng cố nội dung bài học ngữ pháp mời các em tham gia thực hành Trắc nghiệm Unit 13 lớp 11 Language Focus

• Câu 1: Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.

  _____ saying was so important that I asked everyone to stop talking and listen.

  • A. What the woman was
  • B. That the woman was
  • C. The woman was
  • D. What was the woman

• Câu 2:

  Marta Graham, _____ of the pioneers of modern dance, didn't begin dancing until she was 21.

   

  • A. who as one
  • B. she was
  • C. one
  • D. was one

• Câu 3:

  Many communities are dependent oil groundwater _____ from wells for their water supply.

   

  • A. that obtained
  • B. obtained
  • C. is obtained
  • D. obtain it

• Câu 4:

  _____ who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979.

  • A. It was Jane Byrne
  • B. Jane Byrne
  • C. That Jane Byrne
  • D. When Jane Byrne

• Câu 5:

  The first American novelist to have a major impact on world literature _____.

  • A. who was James Fenimore Cooper
  • B. James Fenimore Cooper was
  • C. it was James Fenimore Cooper
  • D. was James Fenimore Cooper

• Câu 6:

  _____ important railroad tunnel in the US was cut through the Hoosac Mountains in Massachuset.

  • A. At first
  • B. It was the first
  • C. The first
  • D. As the first of

• Câu 7:

  It was in 1875 _____ joined the staff of the astronomical observatory at Harvard University.

   

  • A. that Anna Winlock
  • B. Anna Winlock, who
  • C. as Anna Winlock
  • D. Anna Winlock then

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