TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1. LÝ THUYẾT
1.1. Định nghĩa:
Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp.
- Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech): là nói chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt (còn gọi là trích dẫn). Lời của người nói sẽ được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.
Ex: She said,” The exam is difficult”.
- Lời nói gián tiếp – câu tường thuật (indirect speech): Là thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp, không dùng dấu ngoặc kép.
Ex: Hoa said, “I want to go home” => Hoa said she wanted to go home. (indirect speech)
1.2. Cách chuyển từ Câu trực tiếp sang Câu tường thuật
Bước 1: Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta cần chuyển thì (lùi thì).
- Hiện tại đơn => Quá khứ đơn
- Hiện tại tiếp diễn => Quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Hiện tại hoàn thành => Quá khứ hoàn thành
- Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn => Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
- Tương lai => Tương lai trong quá khứ (chuyển Will thành Would)
- Quá khứ đơn => Quá khứ hoàn thành
- Quá khứ tiếp diễn => Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
* Chú ý
- Có một số trường hợp thì cần phải giữ nguyên khi chuyển như câu dùng để chỉ sự thật hiển nhiên hay chân lý; Thì quá khứ hoàn thành; Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Do không thể lùi được nữa).
Ex: She told me, “Water boils 100°C” => She told me that water boils 100°C
- Đối với một số động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verb) như: would, could, might, should, ought to thì khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp không có sự thay đổi.
Ex: He said that, “I could read when I was 4”. => He said that he could read when he had been 4.
Bước 2: Chuyển đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
+ Cách chuyển trạng từ chỉ thời gian:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The day after/the next (following) day
The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two days’ time
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before/ the previous week
Last night The night before
Next week The week after/ the following week
+ Cách chuyển trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và từ chỉ định:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
This That
These Those
Here There
Bước 3: Biến đổi các đại từ và các hạn định
a. Đại từ nhân xưng
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
I He/ She
We I/ We/ They
You We/ They
me him/her
us us/ them
you me/ us/ them
b. Tính từ sở hữu
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
my his/ her
your my/ our/ their
our our/ their
c. Đại từ sở hữu
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
mine his/ hers
yours mine/ ours/ theirs
ours ours/ theirs
Ex: Kin said, “I bought a special gift for you”. => Kin told me that he had bought a special gift for me.
1.3. Cấu trúc câu tường thuật
a. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể
S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V
- says/say to + O => tells/tell + O
- said to + O => told + O
Ex: He said to me “I haven’t finished my work” => He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
b. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi
* Yes/No questions:
S+ asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ whether + S + V
Ex: “Are you angry?” he asked => He asked if/ whether I was angry.
* Wh-questions:
S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.
- says/say to + O => asks/ ask + O
- said to + O => asked + O.
Ex: “What are you talking about?” said the teacher. => The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
c. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh
*Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-infinitive.
Ex: “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said => Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to-infinitive.
Ex: “Don’t talk in class”, the teacher said to us. => The teacher told us not to talk in class.
2. BÀI TẬP
Bài 1: Viết lại câu
1. “I walked home after the event,” Tom said.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
2. “Do you enjoy listening to music?” Bin asked her.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
3. She said to me “Can you speak Vietnamese?”
➔ __________________________________________________________.
4. “I don’t like this red cap,” she said.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
5. He said to me “I haven’t finished my work”.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
6. “I must go home to make the dinner”, said Linda.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
7. “I have just received a postcard from my aunt,” my best friend said to me.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
8. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” Nam asked his friend.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
9. “Give him a smile,” the photographer told him.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
10. “Don’t discuss this question now,” said my teacher to us.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
11. “If the weather is fine, I will go on a picnic with my friends,” she said.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
12. “What would you do if you had three days off?” I asked him.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
13. “If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a big mistake.” Julia said to LiLi.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
14. “I’m sure she will help you if you ask her.”, he told me.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
15. “I will be surprised if Mary doesn’t pass the exam.”, our teacher said.
➔ __________________________________________________________.
Bài 2. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu tường thuật, gián tiếp dưới đây
1. Salim told to Alice to give her a hand.
2. Cuong asked her whether did she like sports or not.
3. Hoa promised her boy friend that she would expect to see him next Monday.
4. Kim said her mother that she would visit her grandfather in Nha Trang the next day.
5. Her father ordered her do not go out with him the day before.
6. My neighbour told me that she will let me know as soon as she heard from him.
7. The policeman asked Bob if he has really seen that happen with his own eyes.
8. My father said that the taxi was coming now and asked if everyone was ready.
9. Minh advised her husband don’ drink too much; however, he might lose control of the car and have a bad accident.
10. Tam told her boyfriend that she is very glad he had come and invited him to sit down.
Bài 3. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. Harry said to me, “If I were you, I would read different types of books in different ways.”
A. Harry advised me read different types of books in different ways.
B. I said to Harry read different types of books in different ways to me.
C. I read different types of books in different ways to Harry as he told me.
D. Conan advised me to read different types of books in different ways.
2. Shall I make you a coffee?” Jan said to the lady.
A. Jan wanted to make a coffee for the lady
B. Jan refused to make a coffee for the lady
C. Jan offered to make a coffee for the lady
D. Jan promised to make a coffee for the lady
3. Jun asked Ngoc why _________ the film on television the night before.
A. didn’t she watch B. hadn’t she watched
C. she doesn’t watch D. she hadn’t watched
4. Gin asked me _________ .
A. what time does the concert start B. what time the concert start
C. what time the concert started D. what time did the concert start
5. Yen said that she _________ there at noon.
A. is going to be B. going to be
C. will be D. can be
6. Jack asked me _________.
A. where do you come from? B. where do I came from
C. where I came from D. where did I come from?
7. They said that their house had been broken into _________.
A. the two days before B. two days ago
C. two days before D. since two days
8. Peter said he was leaving for Paris _________.
A. next week B. the week previous
C. following week D. the following week
9. The woman wonders _________ doing well at school.
A. whether her children are B. if her children were
C. her children were D. her children are if
10. The man asked the boys _________ .
A. why did they fight B. why they were fighting
C. why they fight D. why were they fighting
11. Judy _________ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
A. admitted B. offered C. promised D. suggested
12. When he was at Oliver’s plat yesterday, Martin asked if he _________ use the phone.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
13. Tom said that New York _________ more lively than London.
A. is B. be C. was D. were
14. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _________.
A. no worry B. not worry C. no to worry D. not to worry
15. Someone _________ me there’s been an accident on the motorway.
A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told
Bài 4. Hoàn thành các câu tường thuật, gián tiếp sau
1. “Where is my umbrella?” she asked.
➔ She asked _________________________________________________________ .
2. “How are you?” Martin asked us.
➔ Martin asked us _____________________________________________________ .
3. He asked, “Do I have to do it?”
➔ He asked __________________________________________________________ .
4. “Where have you been?” the mother asked her daughter.
➔ The mother asked her daughter _________________________________________ .
5. “Which dress do you like best?” she asked her boyfriend.
➔ She asked her boyfriend ______________________________________________ .
6. “What are they doing?” she asked.
➔ She wanted to know _________________________________________________ .
7. “Are you going to the cinema?” he asked me.
➔ He wanted to know __________________________________________________ .
8. The teacher asked, “Who speaks English?”
➔ The teacher wanted to know ___________________________________________ .
9. “How do you know that?” she asked me.
➔ She asked me ______________________________________________________ .
10. “Has Caron talked to Kevin?” my friend asked me.
➔ My friend asked me __________________________________________________ .
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1
- Tom told me that he had walked home after the event.
- Bin asked her if she enjoyed listening to music.
- She asked me if I could speak Vietnamese.
- She told me that she didn’t like that red cap.
- He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
- Linda told me that she must go home to make the dinner.
- My best friend told me that she/he had just received a postcard from her/his aunt.
- Nam asked his friend whether her/his sister and brother went to the same school.
- The photographer told him to give him a smile.
- My teacher told us not to discuss that question then.
- She said if the weather was fine, she would go on a picnic with her friends.
- I asked him what he would do if he had had three days off.
- Julia told LiLi that she would not have made such a big mistake if she had listened to her advice.
- He told me that he was sure she would help if I asked her.
- Our teacher said that she would be surprised of Mary did not pass the exam.
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