TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPT CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1. LÝ THUYẾT
1.1. Cấu trúc câu bị động trong các thì trong tiếng Anh
Dưới đây là bản tóm tắt thể bị động của các thì trong tiếng Anh.
| Thì | Cấu trúc câu bị động | Ví dụ câu bị động |
| Thì hiện tại đơn (Simple Present): | S + am/is/are + PP + (by +O). | Ex: He waters flowers every day. -> Flowers are watered every day. |
| Thiì quá khứ đơn (Past Simple): | S + was/were + PP +(by +O). | Ex: The storm destroyed the city last night. -> The city was destroyed by the storm last night. |
| Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous): | S + am/is/are + being + PP +(by +O). | Ex: We are taking the kids to the zoo. -> The kids are being taken to the zoo (by us). |
| Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous): | S + was/were + being + PP +(by +O). | Ex: They were decorating the house when we came -> The house was being decorated when we came. |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Present Perfect): | S + have/has + been + PP +(by +O). | Ex: We have used this TV for 2 years. -> This TV has been used (by us) for 2 years. |
| Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect): | S + had + been + PP +(by +O). | Ex: They had done the exercises. -> The exercises had been done (by them). |
| Thì tương lai đơn (Simple Future): | S + will + be + PP + (by +O). | Ex: They will cut the grass tomorrow. -> The grass will be cut (by them) tomorrow. |
| Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (Future Continuous): | S + will + be + being + PP + (by +O). | Ex: She will be cooking dinner when you come here tomorrow. -> Dinner will be being cooked (by her) when you come here tomorrow. |
| Thì tương lai hoàn thành (Future Perfect): | S + will + have + been + PP + (by +O). | Ex: They will have finished the course by the end of this month. -> The course will have been finished by the end of this month. |
1.2. Phân biệt cách dùng By và With
Với các câu bị động trong tiếng Anh, ta sử dụng câu bị động trong các thì như sau:
– By với chủ thể thực hiện hành động.
Ex: The door was opened by Ms. Rose. (Cánh cửa đã được mở bởi cô Rose.)
“Ms. Rose” là chủ thể thực hiện hành động.
– With với các dụng cụ, đồ vật hoặc nguyên liệu được sử dụng để thực hiện hành động.
Ex: The door was opened with a key. (Cánh cửa đã được mở bằng một chiếc chìa khóa.)
“a key” là đồ vật được sử dụng.
II. BÀI TẬP
Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
7. He lends his friend his new shoes.
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
15. They all voted the party a great success.
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
17. They moved the fridge into the living room.
18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
19. They find the new project worthless.
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
Bài 2: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu dưới đây
1.That cake made for my birthday party.
2. A novel are being read by Jim.
3. Loan is having her hair cutting next Sunday.
4. This house built by his father 3 years ago.
5. I gave a notebook on my birthday by my best friend yesterday.
Bài 3: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động
1.Mr. Huynh teaches them vocabularies.
➔___________________________________.
2. You should do your homework.
➔___________________________________.
3. Nam built this house in 1999.
➔___________________________________.
4. Wind posted the letter last month.
➔___________________________________.
5. She will open her new restaurant next Monday.
➔___________________________________.
6. We had to postpone the meeting because the boss was ill.
➔___________________________________.
7. Hoa cleans the window every week.
➔___________________________________.
8. This bill includes service.
➔___________________________________.
9. Nobody told him that his parents came back.
➔___________________________________.
10. They used this fans all day.
➔___________________________________.
Bài 4: Viết lại câu dưới đây sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1.My mother make me study harder.
➔___________________________________.
2. She enjoys her father taking her to school.
➔___________________________________.
3. I have my children clean the house.
➔___________________________________.
4. People say Bob is the most intelligent student in his class.
➔___________________________________.
5. People think that we built this bridge 2 years ago.
➔___________________________________.
6. I want my mother to buy a new phone.
➔___________________________________.
7. I heard My Tam sing many songs yesterday.
➔___________________________________.
Bài 5: Chia các động từ sau
1. That novel __________ (write) by a famous artist.
2. The milk ____________ (deliver) every day.
3. Lan’s car __________ (repair) last month.
4. Phong _______________ (go/not) alone tonight by his family.
5. My mother let me _________ (use) her computer.
6. His car needs __________ (repair).
7. The date of that meeting _________(change/not) yet.
8. Look at this old house! They ________ (knock) down.
9. That language ______ (speak) by his grandfather years ago.
10. All the troubles __________ (cause) by his girlfriend yesterday.
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1
1. This dish is brought to me (by the waiter).
2. These postcards are sent to us (by our friend).
3. This story was told to them (by their grandmother) when they visited her last week.
4. This train ticket was ordered for Tim's mother.
5. The special cameras weren't showed to me.
6. Her ticket was showed to the airline agent (by her).
7. His new shoes are lent to his friends (by him).
8. Five million pounds was left to her relatives (by her).
9. These boxes were handed to the customer (by the shop assistant).
10. The first prize was awarded to the reporter (by the board).
11. Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?
12. Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting (by the committee).
13. The broken cup is hidden in the drawer (by him).
14. This room is kept tidy (by them) all the time.
15. The party was voted a great success (by them).
16. Ann was given some bananas and some flowers (by us).
17. The fridge was moved into the living room (by them).
18. Some cups of tea were brought to the visitors in the next room (by her).
19. The new project is found worthless.
20. The note wasn't taken to the manager (by the secretary).
Bài 2
1. made ➔ was made (that cake là chủ ngữ chỉ vật nên không thể ở dạng chủ động phải chuyển thành bị động)
2. are ➔ is (a novel là chủ ngữ số ít)
3. cutting ➔ cut (cấu trúc bị động “have + O + Ved/PII)
4. built ➔ was built (this house là chủ ngữ chỉ vật nên không thể ở dạng chủ động phải chuyển thành bị động)
5. gave ➔ was given (được tặng bởi bạn thân của tôi – câu bị động)
Bài 3
1. They are taught vocabularies by Mr.Huynh.
2. Your homework should be done.
3. This house was built by Nam in 1999.
4. The letter was posted by Wind last month.
5. Her new restaurant will be opened next Monday.
6. The meeting was had to postpone because the boss was ill.
7. The window is cleaned by Hoa every week.
8. Service is included by this bill.
9. He wasn’t told that his parents came back.
10. This fans were used all day.
Bài 4
1.I am made to study harder by my mother.
2. She enjoys being taken to school by her father.
3. I have the house cleaned by my children.
4. It’s said that Bob is the most intelligent student in his class.
Or: Bob is said to be the most intelligent student in his class.
5. It’s thought that we built this bridge 2 years ago.
Or: We are thought to have built bridge 2 years ago.
6. I want to be bought a new phơn by my mother.
7. My Tam was heard to sing many songs yesterday.
Bài 5
1.That novel _____was written_____ (write) by a famous artist.
(cuốn tiểu thuyết đã được viết – câu bị động)
2. The milk _____is delivered_______ (deliver) every day.
(dấu hiệu: every day nên chia bị động ở thì hiện tại đơn)
3. Lan’s car ____was repaired______ (repair) last month.
(dấu hiệu: last month nên chia câu bị động ở thì quá khứ)
4. Phong ______won’t be gone_________ (go/not) alone tonight by his family.
(dấu hiệu: tonight nên chia câu bị động ở thì tương lai đơn)
5. My mother let me ____use_____ (use) her computer.
(let + sb + Vinf – câu chủ động)
6. His car needs _____reparing/to be repaired_____ (repair).
(cấu trúc bị động của need)
7. The date of that meeting ____hasn’t been changed_____(change/not) yet.
(dấu hiệu: yet nên chia câu bị động ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
8. Look at this old house! They ___are being knocking_____ (knock) down.
(dấu hiệu: Look… nên chia câu bị động ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
9. That language ___was spoken___ (speak) by his grandfather years ago.
(dấu hiệu: years ago nên chia câu bị động ở thì quá khứ)
10. All the troubles _____were caused_____ (cause) by his girlfriend yesterday.
(dấu hiệu: yesterday nên chia câu bị động ở thì quá khứ)
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