TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA
CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1. LÝ THUYẾT
1.1. So sánh bằng (Equality)
Cấu trúc:
S + V + as + adj/adv+ as + N/pronoun
Ex: She is as beautiful as her sister
He is as stupid as his friend
1.2. So sánh hơn (Comparative)
Cấu trúc:
Tính từ ngắn (Short Adj): S + V + adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun
Tính từ dài (Long Adj): S + V + more + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun
Ex: He is taller than his father.
She speak English more fluently than her friend.
1.3. So sánh hơn nhất (Superlative)
Cấu trúc:
Tính từ ngắn (Short adj): S + V + the + adj/adv + est + N/pronoun
Tính từ dài (Long adj): S + V + the most + adj/adv + N/pronoun.
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
This is the longest river in the world.
* Chú ý:
- Những tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng một phụ âm mà ngay trước nó là nguyên âm duy nhất thì chúng ta nhân đôi phụ âm lên rồi thêm "er" trong so sánh hơn và "est" trong so sánh nhất.
Ex: hot => hotter/ the hottest
- Những tính từ có hai vần, kết thúc bằng chữ "y" thì đổi "y" thành "i" rồi thêm "er" trong so sánh hơn và "est" trong so sánh nhất
Ex: happy => happier/ the happiest
* Một số tính từ/ trạng từ đặc biệt
Tính/ Trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
Good/ well Better The best
Bad/ badly Worse The worst
Little Less The least
Much/ many More The most
Far Farther/ Further The farthest/ the furthest
II. BÀI TẬP
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu bằng dạng so sánh đúng của từ trong ngoặc:
1. Her daughter is................her (beautiful).
2. Summer is....................season of the year (hot)
3. That dog isn't....................it looks (dangerous)
4. In the past, people were....................than today (polite)
5. It is...........today than it was yesterday (cold)
6. Our hotel was..............than all the others in the town (cheap)
7. What's....................river in the world (long)
8. It was an awful day. It was.............day of my life (bad)
9. Everest is...............mountain in the world. It is.........than any other mountain (high)
10. I prefer this chair to the other one. It's.................. (comfortable)
Đáp án
1. Her daughter is as beautiful as her.
2. Summer is the hottest season of the year.
3. That dog isn't as dangerous as it looks.
4. In the past, people were more polite than today.
5. It is colder today than it was yesterday.
6. Our hotel was cheaper than all the others in the town.
7. What's the longest river in the world.
8. It was an awful day. It was the worst day of my life.
9. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It is higher than any other mountain.
10. I prefer this chair to the other one. It's more comfortable.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại các câu sau bắt đầu bằng từ cho trước sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. This is the most delicious cake I've ever tasted.
=> I've................................
2. I've never met any more dependable person than George.
=> George is..............................
3. There isn't anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.
=> Your mother is........................
4. There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John.
=> Mr John is...................................
5. Have you got any bigger than that one?
=> Is this.......................................?
Đáp án
1. I've never tasted a more delicious cake than this one.
2. George is the most dependable person I've ever met.
3. Your mother is more kind-hearted than anyone.
4. Mr John is the best teacher in this school.
5. Is this the smallest hat you've got?
Bài tập 3. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. My house is bigger than your house.
=> Your house is_____________
2. The black car is cheaper than the red car.
=> The red car_____________
3. This film is more interesting than that one.
=> That film is_____________
4. My kitchen is smaller than yours.
=> Your kitchen________________
5. My grandmother is older than every one in my family.
=> My grandmother is the________
6. No one in my class is as tall as Tam.
=> Tam is the____________________
7. I can't cook as well as my mother.
=> My mother can cook____________
8. He does not play tennis as well as Jack.
=> Jack can___________________
9. I did not spend as much money as you.
=> You spent___________________
10. I don't think this book is expensive as it is.
=> This book is____________
11. He is the tallest boy in his class.
=> No one in_______________
12. This is the most interesting film of all.
=> No other films are_____________
13. No cars in the world are more expensive than Japanese ones.
=> Japanese cars _____
14. This exercise is easier than that one.
=> That exercise is not_________
15. He drives more carefully than Jack does.
=> Jack_____________
16. No one in the group plays better than he.
=> He can___________________
17. No hotel in the city is as comfortable as this.
=> This hotel is the _______
18. Other oceans in the world aren't as large as the Pacific one.
=> The Pacific Ocean is ______
Đáp án:
1 - Your house is not as big as my house.
2 - The red car is more expensive than the black car.
3 - That film is not as interesting as this one.
4 - Your kitchen is bigger than mine.
5 - My grandmother is the oldest in my family
6 - Tam is the tallest student in my class.
7 - My mother can cook better than me.
8 - Jack can play tennis better than he.
9 - You spent more money than than me.
10 - This book is more expensive than I think.
11 - No one in his class is taller than him.
12 - No other films are more interesting than this one.
13 - Japanese cars are the most expensive car in the world.
14 - That exercise is not as easy as this one.
15 - Jack drives not as carefully as he does.
16 - He can play better than all in the group.
17 - This hotel is the most comfortable one in the city.
18 - The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
Bài tập 4. Chia dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc:
1. The movie was (interesting)................than the one on TV.
2. We've got (little)............................time than I thought.
3. This shirt is too small. I need a ( large).................one.
4. Lan is (clever).................and (pretty)...................than Lien.
5. She is (nice)...........................than I expected.
6. This was the (big)......................farm I've ever visited.
7. Who between the two workers is the (good).......................?
8. This old machine is (powerful)................than we thought.
9. The farmers have never had a (rich)............ harvest than that.
10. Which is (difficult)........................, English or Math?
11. It is the (expensive).....................of the two cars.
12. Which is the (expensive).....................of these two coats?
13. What is the (long)...................river in Vietnam.
Đáp án:
1. more interesting
2. less
3. larger
4. cleverer - prettier
5. nicer
6. biggest
7. best
8. more powerful
9. richer
10. more difficult
11. most expensive
12. most expensive
13. longest
Bài tập 5: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Of the four dresses, which is ………………..expensive?
A. the best
B. the most
C. the more
D. the greater
2. The larger the apartment, the................... the rent.
A. expensive
B. more expensive
C. expensively
D. most expensive
3. The faster we walk,………….. we will get there.
A. the soonest
B. the soon
C. the more soon
D. the sooner
4. “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….….. I could find. ”
A. cheapest
B. cheapest ones
C. the cheapest ones
D. the most cheapest
5. She plays the piano …………… as she sings.
A. as beautifully
B. more beautifully
C. as beautiful
D. the most beautifully
6. The streets are getting more and …………… these days.
A. crowded
B. less crowded
C. more crowded
D. most crowded
7. The larger the city, …………… the crime rate.
A. highest
B. higher
C. the highest
D. the higher
8. You must explain your problems …………....
A. as clear as you can
B. as clearly as you can
C. as clear than you are
D. as clearly as you are
9. Pil is ……………… person we know.
A. the happier
B. the happiest
C. happier
D. happiest
10. Which woman are you going to vote for? –I’m not sure. Everyone says that Joan is………….
A. smarter
B. the smarter
C. more smarter
D.more smart
11. Bill is ………………
A. lazier and lazier
B. more and more lazy
C. lazier and more lazy
D. more lazy and lazier
12. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………?
A. noisier
B. more quiet
C. more noisy
D. quieter
13. ………………..the time passes, …………….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I have just finished half of it.
A. The faster / the nervous
B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous
D. The faster / the more nervous
14. China is the country with…………………..population.
A. the larger
B. the more large
C. the largest
D. the most large
15. She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting…………….Finally she exploded.
A. more and more angry
B. the more angry
C. angrier and angrier
D. the most angry
16. For ……………….., it is certain that in the future some things will be very different.
A. the better or the worse
B. the good or the bad
C. good or bad
D. better or worse
17. Her grandfather’s illness was…………………..we thought at first.
A. more seriously as
B. as seriously as
C. more serious than
D. as serious than
18. My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed…………..usual.
A. more early than
B. as early as
C. more earlier as
D. earlier than
19._______ you study for these exams, _______ you will do.
A. The harder / the better
B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best
D. The more hard / the more good
20. His house is _______ mine.
A. twice as big as
B. as twice big as
C. as two times big as
D. as big as twice
Đáp án
1 - B; 2 - B; 3 - D; 4 - C; 5 - A;
6 - C; 7 - D; 8 - B; 9 - B; 10 - B;
11 - A; 12 - D; 13 - D; 14 - C; 15 - C;
16 - D; 17 - C; 18 - D; 19 - A; 20 - A;
Bài tập 6: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai
1. Nobody is happy than Miss Snow is.
2. He needs many more sugar than I do.
3. Does Mary feel weller today than she did yesterday?
4. It’s becoming hard and harder to find a job.
5. The more you have, the most you want.
Đáp án
1 - happy => happier;
2 - many => much;
3 - weller => better;
4 - hard => harder;
5 – most => more;
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