Ôn tập kiến thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn trong Tiếng Anh

ÔN TẬP KIẾN THỨC THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

1. Lý thuyết

1.1. Định nghĩa

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past perfect continuous tense) là một thì trong tiếng Anh hiện đại được dùng để diễn tả quá trình xảy  ra 1 hành động bắt đầu trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.

1.2. Cấu trúc

a. Khẳng định: S + had + been + V-ing

- Trong đó:

  • S (subject): chủ ngữ
  • Had: trợ động từ
  • Been: Dạng phân từ II của động từ “to be”.
  • V-ing: Động từ thêm -ing

- Eg: 

  • They had been working for two hours when she telephoned
    (Bọn họ đã làm việc suốt hai giờ khi mà cô ấy gọi)
  • Her eyes were red because she had been crying
    (Mắt cô ấy đỏ bởi vì trước đó cô đã khóc)

b. Phủ định: S + hadn’t + been + V-ing

=> Câu phủ định trong thì quá khứ hoàn thành chỉ cần thêm “not” vào sau trợ động từ.

- Lưu ý

  • hadn’t = had not

- Eg:

  • They hadn’t been paying attention for long when he asked the question
    (Họ đã không tập trung trong một khoảng thời gian dài trước khi ông ta đặt câu hỏi)
  • hadn’t been looking for a job before I needed money 
    (Tôi đã không tìm một công việc trước khi tôi cần tiền)

c. Câu hỏi: Had + S + been + V-ing ?

- Trả lời:

  • Yes, S + had./ No, S + hadn’t.

- Eg: 

  • Had they been not studying hard when the teacher asked? 
    (Có phải họ đã không học tập chăm chỉ trước khi giáo viên yêu cầu?)
    Yes, they had./ No, they hadn’t.
  • Had she been working for 4 hours before he arrived?
    (Có phải cô ấy đã làm việc 4 tiếng trước khi anh ta đến?)
    Yes, she had./ No, she hadn’t.

1.3. Cách sử dụng

- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ 

Ex: He had been typing for 3 hours before he finshed his work.

(Cậu ta đã đánh máy suốt 3 tiếng đồng hồ trước khi hoàn thành xong công việc.)

- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.       

Ex: My father had been driving for 5 hours before 10pm last night.

(Bố tôi đã lái xe liên tục 5 tiếng đồng hồ trước thời điểm 10h tối hôm qua.)

- Nhấn mạnh hành động để lại kết quả trong quá khứ.         

Ex: This morning he was very tired because he had been working very hard all night.

(Sáng nay anh ấy rất mệt bởi vì anh ấy đã làm việc vất vả cả đêm.)

1.4. Dấu hiệu

Trong câu có từ: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after.

2. Bài tập

Exercise 1: Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets

1. I was very tired when I arrived home.

(I/work/hard all day) I'd been working hard all day.

 2. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired.

(they/play/football) ...................

3. I was disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday.

(I/look/forward to it) ...................

4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn't know where she was.

(she/dream) ...................

5. When I got home, Tom was sitting in front of the TC. He had just turned it off.

(he/watch/a film) ...................

Exercise 2: Read the situations and complete the sentences

1. We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.

We had been playing for half an hour when it started to rain.

2. I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him. After 20 minutes I suddenly realized that I was in the wrong restaurant.

I .... for 20 minutes when I ... the wrong restaurant.

3. Sarah got a job in a factory. Five years later the factory closed down.

At the time the factory ... , Sarah ... there for five years.

4. I went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten minutes a man in the audience suddenly started shouting.

The orchestra ... when ......

Exercise 3: Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing) past perfect (I had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing)

1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours were having (have) a party.

2. We were good friend. We had known (know) each other for years.

3. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he ... (walk) so fast

4. Sue was sitting on the ground.She was out of breath. She ... (run)

5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They ... (eat)

6. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty, but their stomachs were full. They ... (eat)

7. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ... (look) for his contach lens.

8. When I arrived, Kate ... (wait) for me. She was annoyed with me because. I was late and she ... (wait) for a long time.

9. I was sad when I sold my car. I ... (have) it for a long time.

10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We ... (travel) for more than 24 hours.

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1

2. They'd been playing football

3. I'd been looking forward to it

4. She'd been dreaming

5. He'd been watching a film

Exercise 2

2. I'd been waiting for 20 minutes when I relised that I was in the wrong restaurant

3. At the same time the factory closed down, Sarad had been working there for five years

4. The orchestra had been playing for about ten minutes when a man in the audience started shouting

Exercise 3

3. was walking

4. had been running

5. were eating

6. had been eating

7. was looking

8. was waiting ... had been waiting

9. had had

10. had been travelling

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