SENTENCE ELEMENTS - CÁC THÀNH TỐ CỦA CÂU
PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
I.Subjects (S): Chủ ngữ là chủ thể của hành động hoặc đốivtượng được đề cập, hay miêu tả. Chủ ngữ có thể là:
Subject pronouns: Chủ ngữ có thể là các đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ như:
| First Person | Second Person | Third Person | |
| Singular form | I | You | He, She, It |
| Plural form | We | You | They |
Eg: He went abroad to study medicine.
S Vp
They were killed in an accident.
S Vp
It is going to rain.
SV
We have learnt English for seven years now.
Vp
Nouns, or noun phrases: Chủ ngữ có thể là danh từ hay cụm danh từ như:
g. Love is a stage of feeling and can’t be recognized by senses.
S Vp
Gain and loss go together
S Vp
Tourim is considered to be smoke-free industry.
S Vp
A wealthy, healthy life is anyone’s wish.
S Vp
Gerunds, or gerund phrases: Chủ ngữ có thể là danh động từ hay cụm danh động từ như:
e.g. Fishing is his favourite pastime.
SVp
Getting good marks is not always difficult.
S Vp Preparing for exams is really stressful.
SVp
Travelling by air is considered to be safest.
SVp
Infinitives or infinitive phrases: Chủ ngữ có thể là động từ hay cụm động từ nguyên thể như:
e.g. To be honest is a good quality of a person.
S Vp
To tell lie is not acceptable in science.
S Vp
To fall in love means to love some one deeply.
S Vp
To do is better than to speak.
- Vp
- Clauses: Chủ ngữ có thể là một mệnh đề như:
What we really wish is to be at the cinema.
S Vp
All she can say is that he is a liar.
S Vp
That she didn’t turn up worried us all.
S Vp
Whatever he said annoyed us.
Vp
II.Complements (C): Bổ ngữ là thành phần hoàn thiện nghĩa cho cụm từ, câu. Bổ ngữ có thể là:
- Adjectives or participles: Bổ ngữ có thể là các tính từ hay phân từ như:
e.g. She is exhausted.
S V C
The film made me bored.
S V O C
They are very hard-working and intelligent.
S V C
The lessons are long and difficult.
S V C
- Nouns, or noun phrases: Bổ ngữ có thể là các danh từ hay cụm danh từ như:
She is a kind hearted lady.
S V C
They became the new employees.
S V C
She will be a nurse.
S V
Lam wishes she were a prince.
S V S V
- Gerunds or gerund phrases: Bổ ngữ có thể là các danh động từ hay cụm danh động từ như:
Eg: Her hobby is singing.
S V C
His passion in life is studying English.
S V C
Seeing is believing.
S V C
What he wanted is having a good job.
S V C
- Infinitives or infinitive phrases: Bổ ngữ có thể là các nguyên thể hay cụm nguyên thể như:
My dream is to become a teacher.
S V C
Her wish is to have a good job to do.
S V C
What he needs to do is to finish the form.
S V C
All I can do is to offer you a lift.
S V C
- Clauses: Bổ ngữ có thể là các mệnh đề như:
A full apology is what the boss wants now.
S V C
A smile is all he could do and what he should do.
S V C
A good job was what he wanted.
S V C
A seat in a university is all she wished.
S V C
Notes: Có 2 loại bổ ngữ;
- bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (Cs)
Eg: She was exhausted.
S V C s
He was bored.
S V C s
- bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ (Co)
e.g. The long walk made us exhausted.
- V O Co
The film made him bored.
SV O Co
- Objects (O): Genders to be described or mentioned usually follow ordinary verbs to show the direct or indirect goals that the verbs aim at, or follow prepostions. (Tân ngữ là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau động từ thường chỉ hướng hay đối tượng của động từ, hoặc theo sau các giới từ).
Tân ngữ có thể là:
- Object pronouns: Tân ngữ có thể là các đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ như:
| First Person | Second Person | Third Person | |
| Singular form | me | you | him, her, it |
| Plural form | us | you | them |
Eg: We met him yesterday
S V O A
She made us a big cake.
S V O O
The lady sent me a request.
S V O O
The man bought a loaf of bread for her.
S V O O
- Nouns, or noun phrases: Tân ngữ có thể là các danh hoặc cụm danh từ như:
e.g. She gave me a blank look.
S V O O
Lan is doing her homework.
S V O
Nga did a lot of exercises.
S V O
We sent endless letters to the manager.
S V O O
- Gerunds or gerund phrases: Tân ngữ có thể là các danh động từ hay cụm danh động từ như:
e.g. The man loved telling funny stories.
S V O
Willy hated being left alone in the darkness.
S V O
We are afraid of missing the class.
S V O
She was interested in going shopping on Sundays.
S V O
- Infinitives or infinitive phrases: Tân ngữ có thể là các nguyên thể hay cụm nguyên thể như:
e.g.
Jack wished to become an astronaut.
S V O
He liked to walk in the rain.
S V O
They wanted to have seats.
S V O
Kelvin loves to do the crosswords.
S V O
5. Clauses: Tân ngữ có thể là các mệnh đề như:
e.g.
We know how we should solve the problem.
S V O
She asked why we didn’t arrive on time.
S V O
Dick wanted to know whether he was accepted.
S V O
Linda wondered where she should go.
S V O
Notes: Có 2 loại tân ngữ;
- tân ngữ trực tiếp (Od)
He gave a book to me.
S V Od Oi
Lam bought me an ice-cream.
S V Oi Od
- tân ngữ gián tiếp (Oi)
The host made us a big cake.
S V Oi Od
She sent some documents to me.
S V Od Oi
IV.Adverbials: A sentence element is used to denote the stages, manner, methods, or to indicate time, places, purposes, or others. (Trạng ngữ được dùng để miêu tả trạng thái, cách thức, phương pháp, mức độ, hay dùng để chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, mục đích,… của hành động).
Trạng ngữ có thể là:
- Adverbs: Trạng ngữ có thể là các trạng từ như:
- We often go to work by bus.
A
She danced marvelously.
A
Naturally, it rains much in Summer.
A
He bravely defeated his opponent.
A
- Adverbial phrases: Trạng ngữ có thể là các cụm từ như:
In the past, people used to live in a large family.
A A
To tell the truth, I liked that play.
A
In my opinion, she is a kind-hearted woman.
A
To sum up, it’s convenient to travel by air.
A A
- Adverbial clauses: Trạng ngữ có thể là các mệnh đề như:
eg. When we came, they were fighting.
A
Billy tried hard in order that he could pass the exam.
A
While we were having dinner, the light went out.
A
He passed the exam because he tried hard.
A
PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. ___________ saying was so important that I asked everyone to stop talking and listen.
A.What the woman was B. The woman was
C.What was the woman D. That the woman was
2. My mother is fed____________ with doing the housework every day.
A.up B. of C. on D. in
3. He found__________ hard to live on his unemployment benefit.
A.it B. its C. it’s D. it is
4. She spoke quietly to him ___________ someone hear a word of their conversation.
A. so that
B. in order that
C. for fear that
D. for fear of
5. English people are____________ in playing football.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. to be interested
D. to be interesting
6. It is ____________ for me to see you go away for a year.
A. undeniable
B. incompetent
C. unbearable
D. intolerant
7. She’s proud of her____________.
A. successful
B. success
C. succeed
D. succeeded
8. Only in Japan____________ the high levels of western countries.
A. industrialization has reached
B. industrialization is reached
C. has industrialization reached
D. is industrialization reached
9. Nowadays children would prefer history____________ in more practical ways.
A. be taught
B. to teach
C. to be taught
D. teach
10. Hurry up! They’ve only got_____ seats left.
A. a little
B. a few
C. a lot of
D. plenty of
11. ____________ of the students know the answer to that question.
A. Most
B. Almost
C. Mostly
D. The most
12. We decided not to travel, ____________ the terrible weather forecast.
A. having heard
B. we heard
C. having been heard
D. being heard
13. ____________ for their strong fiber include flax and hemp.
A. Plants are grown
B. Plants grown
C. Plants that grow
D. To grow plants
14. I think you must be____________ me for someone else.
A. confusing
B. reminding
C. mistaking
D .considering
15. He used __________ on time. But this time he is terribly late.
A. arriving
B. arrive
C. to arrive
D. to arriving
16. They have grown roses here____________ 1990.
A. for
B. since
C. during
D. in
17. You’ll miss the train____________ you don’t hurry up.
A. if
B. when
C. since
D. unless
18. He is my____________ brother. But he looks younger than me.
A. elder
B. older
C. old
D. young
19. It took me forty five minutes to____________ to office everyday.
A. getting
B. gets
C. get
D. got
20. You look rather ___________. Are you worried about something?
A. occupied
B. preoccupying
C. preoccupied
D. occupant
Exercise 2. Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. If you hear the fire___________, leave the building quickly.
A.alarm B. caution C. notice D. publicity
2. She remembered the correct address only____________ she had posted the letter.
A.since
B. afterwards
C. following
D. after
3. The teacher made us__________ hard for the final examination.
A.learn
B. learning
C. to learn
D. learnt
4. Neither Bill nor Norris__________ going to the play tonight.
A. was
B. were
C. are
D. is
5. Over the past two years the____________ of living has risen considerably.
A. charge
B. cost
C. rate
D. price
6. He told his father a long and____________ story to explain his lateness.
A. inconceivable
B. incredulous
C. unimaginable
D. unconvincing
7. We need____________ information before we can decide.
A. further
B. furthest
C. far
D. farther
8. Women workers wear hats in____________ their hair gets caught in the machinery.
A.course B. case C. occasion D. event
9. An employer may look with___________ on a young college graduate.
A.suspiciously B. suspicion C. suspect D. suspicious
10. I don’t mind living____________ my own in a big city.
A.with
B. by
C. at
D. on
11. She was filling in the____________ form.
A. applicant
B. application
C. apply
D. appliance
12. It was____________ to listen to the story.
A. exciting
B. excited
C. excite
D. excitement
13. My brother and my sister have many____________.
A. different
B. difference
C. differ
D. differences
14. It was____________ to see my old friends again.
A. surprised
B. surprise
C. surprisingly
D. surprising
15. Mr. Brown gave a long____________ about unemployment in Australia.
A. lectures
B. lecturing
C. lectured
D. lecture
16. Pests occur in large numbers, and they can____________ terrible damage, particularly to growing crops, that in some parts of the world people frequently suffer from famine.
A. do such
B. do so
C. make such
D. make so
17. The new magazine about maintenance____________ tomorrow.
A. comes down
B. comes off
C. comes on
D. comes out
18. Anna can’t get the job because there are too many____________ for it.
A. engineers
B. interviewers
C. applicants
D. workers
19. There are many____________ ways to learn English vocabulary.
A. different
B. differences
C. differ
D. differing
20. Nam stopped____________ two years ago.
A. smoking
B. smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoked
Exercise 3. Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. A____________ storm has swept a hundred of houses away.
A. strong
B. heavy
C. hard
D. long
2. My child would rather read books than____________ anything else.
A. doing
B. to do
C. did
D. do
3. My friend doesn’t like asking her mother____________ money.
A. to
B. in
C. for
D. with
4. Mrs. Lan____________ up being on a diet because it was not effective.
A. gives
B. giving
C. to give
D. gave
5. Anna has just graduated from university. She wants to apply____________ a suitable job.
A. at
B. for
C. to
D. in
6. He is unemployment. He gets some unemployment____________.
A. salary
B. card
C. benefit
D. currency
7. A long walk makes everybody____________.
A. tired
B. tiring
C. to tire
D. tire
8. The neighbor of mine is a____________ smoker. He smokes 30 cigarettes a day.
A. much
B. heavy
C. many
D. big
9. Her parents can’t stand____________ her at home all day.
A.to see B. see C. seeing D. seen
10. I am tired____________ watching the same program every day.
A.in B. on C. with D. of
11. While she____________, the phone rang.
A.was cooking B. cooked C. cooking D. cook
12. My mother is used to____________ an excellent speaker in public spaces.
A.to be B. being C. have been D. been
13. She doesn’t have time to go shopping because she’s too____________ with her work.
A.busy B. bored C. get up D. tired
14. His roof was broken by a____________ wind two weeks ago.
A.hard B. big C. strong D. much
15. He has learned English for 4 years, and she is good____________ English now.
A. by
B. at
C. for
D. in
16. Mt. Everest is____________ highest peak of____________ Himalayas.
A. a/ the
B. the/ a
C. the/ nothing
D. the/ the
17. Nothing in your room____________ since you were sent to the hospital.
A. have been moved
B. has been moved
C. have moved
D. has moved
18. Water plays a vital____________ in developing agriculture.
A. part
B. importance
C. vision
D. character
19. The weather in the South of Vietnam seems____________ than____________ in the North.
A.more pleasant/ it B. more pleasant/ that
C.pleasant/ the weather D. more pleasant/ those
20. It’s more____________ to use gas instead of electricity to warm up the house.
A.economy B. economic C. economical D. economist
Exercise 4. Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. I thought that you ____________ us, but I was wrong. You never have enough courage.
A.would join B. joined C. had joined D. will join
2. She is very ____________. Don’t say anything that can hurt her.
A.decided B. dedicate C. dedicated D. devoted
3. He is 59 years old. He__________ next year.
A.is going to retire B. retires C. retired D. has retired
4. A dictionary is a book__________ explains words.
A. what
B. it
C. its
D. which
5. British Isles__________ by speakers of Celtic language two thousand years ago.
A. inhabited
B. are inhabited
C. were inhabited
D. were inhabiting
6. He is from Tokyo. He__________ Japanese.
A. says
B. talks
C. speaks
D. announces
7. He wore dark glasses so that nobody could__________ him.
A. recognize
B. recognition
C. recognized
D. recognizable
8. Modern English is different__________ old English.
A. of
B. in
C. from
D. on
9. It is necessary to learn a foreign__________ .
A. tongue
B. story
C. country
D. language
10. He arrived in Singapore ____________ Monday evening.
A. in
B. from
C. on
D. at
11. We’ve got very little time left. Unless we hurry, we’ll __________ the bus.
A.miss B. remember C. catch D. get in
12. I wish I ____________ here longer, but it’s time for me to go home.
A.stay B. can stay C. will stay D. could stay
13. It is believed that books are___________ species, fighting for survival in competition with TV, film, the internet and CD.
A.endangered B. dangerous C. danger D. dangerously
14. The man shouts loudly as if we ___________ all deaf.
A.would be B. had been C. are D. were
15. English__________ by about 700 million people around the world.
A.is been spoken B. is going to spoken
C.is spoken D. will spoken
16. Whenever he has free time, he goes swimming. Swimming is his__________ pastime.
A. favor
B. favorable
C. favored
D. favorite
17. Naturally, we can say that children__________ eating sweets.
A. want
B. like
C. need
D. prefer
18. Young people hate__________, they prefer making questions.
A. ask
B. asking
C. be asked
D. being asked
19. Your sister will be ill if she doesn’t stop __________ so much.
A. to worry
B. worry
C. worried
D. worrying
20. The word “fishing” in “Fishing is his favorite pastime” is a(n)__________.
A. noun
B. pronoun
C. gerund
D. adjective
Exercise 5. Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. He loves__________ lies, that’s why we call him “a liar”.
A.telling B. saying C. speaking D. talking
2. The word “stopped” in “He stopped smoking 5 years ago” can be replaced by__________.
A. took up
B. came up
C. picked up
D. gave up
3. She’s thirsty. She’d like__________ a cold drink.
A. have
B. having
C. to have
D. to having
4. She never gets up late. She’s used to__________ up early.
A. get
B. getting
C. gets
D. got
5. One of those__________ from Japan.
A. students are
B. student are
C. students is
D. student is
6. Among those, I like the red one__________.
A. more
B. best
C. better
D. much
7. I think we cannot have enough one cup of coffee for each as we’ve got very______ milk left.
A. little
B. a little
C. few
D. a few
8. He has been in hospital__________ last Tuesday.
A. for
B. when
C. from
D. since
9. I don’t really like An, but this time I’d like __________ him.
A. to meet
B. meet
C. met
D. meeting
10. The science classes at this__________ difficult.
A. schools are
B. school are
C. school is
D. schools is
11. Be quiet! I__________ to listen to some important information.
A. was trying
B. am trying
C. try
D. tried
12. Most children find it interesting ____________ a foreign language.
A. learn
B. learning
C. learned
D. to learn
13. ‘John won’t come tomorrow.’ ‘Did he say he____________ next week?’
A.will come
B. would come
C. is coming
D. had come
14. Children enjoy____________ cartoon film.
A.watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to watch
15. I am afraid of____________ alone in dark.
A.being left
B. left
C. leaving
D. to leave
16. M. Faraday didn’t have much __________ when he was young.
A.school B. scholar C. schooled D. schooling
17. A person who studies biology is a __________ .
A.scientist B. physicist C. biologist D. mathematician
18. I ___________ you to the woman I was speaking with, but I couldn’t think of her name.
A.will introduce B. would have introduced
C.would introduce D. couldn’t have
19. Most of the experiments are carried out in __________.
A.schools B. libraries C. factories D. laboratories
20. He was very good _____ mathematics when he was at school.
A.on B. of C. at D. for
Exercise 6. Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. He says he’s been to__________ restaurant in Viet Tri town.
A. all
B. most
C. every
D. many
2. The ability to work well for long hours is his__________.
A. length
B. width
C. height
D. strength
3. It is the English pronunciation that__________ a lot of difficulties to Vietnamese pupils.
A. makes
B. causes
C. does
D. gets
4. I had no difficulty__________ to your English.
A. listen
B. to listen
C. to listening
D. listening
5. I__________ her as soon as she entered the room.
A. recognized
B. had recognized
C. could recognized
D. did recognized
6. You should__________ to your uncle fore being rude to him.
A. forgive
B. apologize
C. excuse
D. regret
7. The rocket went into__________ round the moon.
A. track
B. orbit
C. path
D. circle
8. She took__________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in her garden.
A.chance B. interest C. advantage D. charge
9. Long speeches are really__________.
A.bore B. boring C. bored D. to bored
10. You shouldn’t__________ him all the time.
A.teased B. tease C. teases D. teasing
11. We won’t have to import electricity if the solar energy is __________ used.
A.large B. widely C. widen D. width
12. Mark Twain is the__________ name of Samuel Longhorn Clemens.
A.pen B. new C. career D. writer
13. His friend__________ him a lot in his career. Without their support, he would not have been successful.
A.told B. encouraged C. taught D. complained
14. I am sorry but we have to ___________ the discussion. We have no more time.
A. put an end to
B. make room for
C. take advantage of
D. put effort into
15. This is the man who__________ me English.
A. teach
B. teaches
C. are teaching
D. were teaching
16. He__________ in love with her picture even before he met her.
A. falls
B. has fallen
C. fell
D had fallen
17. The man who ___________ had been in the sea for ten hours.
A. had been rescued
B. was rescued
C. rescued
D. had rescued
18. The police finally arrested the ____________ criminal.
A. famous
B. notorious
C. respectable
D. renowned
19. Mark Twain’s last book was written in 1909, one year before his__________.
A. died
B. dead
C. death
D. dying
20. His wife had great influence__________ his books.
A. in
B. at
C. for
D. on
Exercise 7. Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. It’s the pronunciation that causes me a lot of__________.
A.difficult B. difficulty C. difficully D. difficulties
2. If you place a bowl of water in the sun, it will __________.
A.evaporate B. evaporated C. evaporator D. evaporation
3. __________ 350 million people speak English as their first language.
A.Approximaty B. Approximately C. Approximation D. Approximate
4. “Gone with the wind” was__________ by Mrs. Margaret Mitchell.
A.written B. read C. designed D. drawn
5. World population will continue to rise if we do not try __________ it.
A.to increase B. lower C. to reduce D. reducing
6. I did all the work__________ my own.
A.by B. on C. for D. at
7. Every Sunday my father spends three hours__________ English.
A.practice B. to practice C. practiced D. practicing
8. I have learned English for 3 years, and I am good__________ English now.
A. in B. for C. by D. at
9. Hoa’s brother enjoys__________ to ghost stories at night.
A.telling and listening C. listen
B.tell and listen D. to tell
10. Mr. Minh has known me__________ he moved to Ha Noi national university.
A. until
B. since
C. when
D. during
11. How__________ is that hotel?
A. long
B. length
C. high
D. height
12. How much does this hat__________?
A. pay
B. spend
C. fix
D. cost
13. The exhibition__________ place once a year.
A. does
B. has
C. takes
D. makes
14. __________ Sundays, I often go fishing with my father.
A. In
B. On
C. Over
D. For
15. It is__________ to drive without a driving license in Viet Nam.
A. good
B. danger
C. dangerously
D. dangerous
16. Would you like him__________?
A. coming
B. to come
C. come
D. came
17. My mother can play a lot of__________ instruments.
A. music
B. musical
C. musician
D. musically
18. The girl spoke with a___________ accent.
A. southern
B. southwards
C. south
D. southbound
19. What’s the___________ of Viet Nam?
A.popular B. populate C. populous D. population
20. The bus takes___________ than the train.
A.more long B. the longest C. longer D. long
Exercise 8: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. Please fill in your employment history, including your____________ employer as well as any previous ones you might have had.
A.private B. daily C. constant D. current
2. He studies___________ his two brothers.
A.much better than B. more better than
C.more good than D. very better than
3. Sarah delivered a(n)___________ appeal to the court and asked for mercy.
A.sensational B. sentimental C. emotional D. affectionate
4. She explained the problem very clearly and is always___________ in response to questions.
A.attention B. attentive C. attentively D. attentiveness
5. What I like about this restaurant is that there is___________ parking space right outside it.
A.plenty B. ample C. expanded D. big
6. There was a__________ tremble in her voice, which showed that she was very nervous at that time.
A.slight B. slighted C. slightly D. slightness
7. Although Vicky looked pretty much the same after all those years, I noticed___________changes which made her look even more beautiful than I remembered.
A.fair B. sensitive C. subtle D. joint
8. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a___________ gesture at the driver.
A.rude B. rudeness C. rudely D. rudest
9. I find mending old socks incredibly___________ that’s why I always ask my mother to do it for me.
A. hilarious
B. tedious
C. furious
D. recreational
10. He is not really friendly and makes no attempt to be_____________.
A. society
B. social
C. socialize
D. sociable
11. If she can make up stories, she is certainly a very___________ girl.
A. imaginary
B. imaginable
C. imaginative
D. imagining
12. She sent me a ___________ letter thanking me for my invitation.
A. polite
B. politely
C. politeness
D. impoliteness
13. I don’t want much sugar in my coffee. Just ___________, please.
A. a little
B. little
C. a few
D. few
14. Mr. Timpson’s behavior and comments on occasions were inappropriate and fell below the_____________ standards.
A.accept B. acceptable C. acceptance D. accepting
15. As I was_______ of the change in the program, I arrived half an hour late for the rehearsal.
A.unaware B. unconscious C. unable D. unreasonable
16. The college offers both ___________ and professional qualifications.
A.government B. experience C. requirement D. academic
17. After years of being exposed to the sun and rain, the sign had become completely _______.
A.unreadable B. readable C. misread D. illegible
18. Fee-paying schools, often called “independent schools”, “private schools” or “_____________schools”
A.college B. primary C. secondary D. public
19. We all agree that she is___________ student of the two sisters.
A.the cleverer B. clever C. the cleverest D. most clever
20. This book is not really____________. It is a waste of money buying it.
A.inform B. information C. informative D. informatively
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 1. | A | What the woman was: mệnh đề làm chủ ngữ (That/ What/ All) |
| 2. | A | be fed up with: chán ngấy |
| 3. | A | find it/O adj: nhận thấy |
| 4. | C | for fear that: vì sợ rằng |
| 5. | A | be interested in: thích |
| 6. | B | incompetent:không đủ khả năng |
| 7. | B | success: sự thành công |
| 8. | C | đảo ngữ với Only |
| 9. | C | được giảng dạy “to be taught’ |
| 10. | B | only a few Ns left: còn lại vài … |
| 11. | A | Most of Ns: hầu hết, hầu như tất cả |
| 12. | A | having heard (reduced clause) |
| 13. | B | Plants grown (reduced clause) |
| 14. | C | mistake s.b for: nhầm lẫm |
| 15. | C | to arrive: cấu trúc “used to V” |
| 16. | B | since: kể từ thời điểm/ mốc |
| 17. | A | if: nếu (câu điều kiện loại 1) |
| 18. | A | elder brother/ sister: anh/ chị |
| 19. | C | It take O time to V (cấu trúc) |
| 20. | B | preoccupying: lo âu, bận tâm |
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 1. | A | fire alarm: chuông báo hỏa hoạn |
| 2. | D | only after: ngay khi (cụm từ) |
| 3. | A | make s.b V: bắt ai làm gì |
| 4. | D | neither…nor: chia V cho S sau |
| 5. | B | cost of living: chi phí sống |
| 6. | D | unconvincing: không thuyết phục |
| 7. | A | further = more detailed: chi tiết |
| 8. | B | in case: đề phòng, phòng khi |
| 9. | B | with suspicion: sự nghi ngờ |
| 10. | D | live on one’s own: tự lập |
| 11. | B | application form: mẫu đơn từ |
| 12. | A | It be adj (for O) to V (cấu trúc) |
| 13. | D | differences: sự khác biệt |
| 14. | D | It be adj (for O) to V (cấu trúc) |
| 15. | D | give a lecture: giảng bài |
| 16. | A | do such damage: gây hại |
| 17. | D | comes out: xuất hiện, có mặt |
| 18. | C | applicants: ứng viên, người xin |
| 19. | A | different ways: cách khác nhau |
| 20. | A | stop V-ing: từ bỏ |
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 1. | B heavy storm: bão lớn/mạnh | |
| 2. | D would rather V than V: thích | |
| 3. | C ask s.b for s.t: hỏi xin ai cái gì | |
| 4. | D gave up: từ bỏ | |
| 5. | B apply for: xin việc | |
| 6. | C unemployment benefit: trợ cấp | |
| 7. | A make O adj: làm cho… (cấu trúc) | |
| 8. | B heavy smoker: nghiện thuốc lá | |
| 9. | C can’t stand V-ing: không chịu được | |
| 10. | D be tired of V-ing: mệt mỏi vì | |
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 11. | A | was cooking: hành động đan xen |
| 12. | B | be/ get used to V-ing: quen với |
| 13. | A | busy with: bận rộn |
| 14. | C | strong wind: gió lớn |
| 15. | B | be good at: giỏi (cấu trúc) |
| 16. | D | the highest/ the Himalayas |
| 17. | B | has been moved: bị di chuyển |
| 18. | A | play a vital part: đóng vai trò |
| 19. | B | so sánh với tính từ đa âm |
| 20. | C | economical: tiết kiệm, kinh tế |
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 1. | A | would join: (suy đoán) |
| 2. | C | dedicated: tận tâm |
| 3. | A is going to retire: (chỉ dự kiến) | |
| 4. | D which: mệnh đề quan hệ | |
| 5. | C were inhabited: bị xâm chiếm | |
| 6. | C speak language: nói (ngôn ngữ) | |
| 7. | A recognize (nguyên thể sau could) | |
| 8. | C be different from: khác biệt | |
| 9. | D forein language: ngoại ngữ | |
| 10. | C on: vào ngày cụ thể | |
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 11. | A | miss (vehicle): nhỡ (tàu, xe) |
| 12. | D | S wish S would/ could V |
| 13. | A | endangered: có nguy cơ |
| 14. | D | were: giả định với (as if) |
| 15. | C | is spoken: được nói (thực tế) |
| 16. | D | favorite: ưa chuộng, yêu thích |
| 17. | B | like V-ing: thích làm gì |
| 18. | D | hate V-ing: ghét làm gì |
| 19. | D | stop V-ing: từ bỏ việc gì |
| 20. | C | gerund: danh động từ |
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích | Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích | |
| 1. | A | tell lies: nói dối (cụm từ cố định) | 11. | B | sau câu mệnh lệnh progressive | |
| 2. | D | stop V-ing = give up V-ing: từ bỏ | 12. | D | find it adj to V: (cấu trúc) | |
| 3. | C | would like (O) to V: (cấu trúc) | 13. | B | would come: lời nói gián tiếp | |
| 4. | B | be/ get used to V-ing: quen với | 14. | B | enjoy watching (cấu trúc) | |
| 5. | C | students is: (S = One/ those Ns) | 15. | A | be afraid of V-ing: (cấu trúc) | |
| 6. | B | like best: thích nhất | 16. | D | schooling: việc học hành | |
| 7. | A | very little: rất ít | 17. | C | biologist: nhà sinh vật học | |
| 8. | D | since: kể từ | 18. | B | would have introduced: (tiếc) | |
| 9. | A | would like (O) to V: (cấu trúc) | 19. | D | laboratories:phòng thí nghiệm | |
| 10. | B | school are (S = classes/ this N) | 20. | C | be good at: giỏi môn/ việc gì |
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 1. | C | every + singular noun |
| 2. | D | strength (n) sức/ điểm mạnh |
| 3. | B | cause difficulties: gây khó khăn |
| 4. | D | have difficulty+ V-ing: (cấu trúc) |
| 5. | A | recognized: hành động liên tiếp |
| 6. | B | apologize to O for V-ing |
| 7. | B | orbit (n/v) quỹ đạo |
| 8. | C | take advantage of: lợi dụng |
| 9. | B | boring (adj) tẻ nhạt (chỉ vật) |
| 10. | B | should(n’t) V: (không) nên |
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 11. | B | widely used: sử dụng rộng rãi |
| 12. | A | pen-name: bút danh |
| 13. | B | encouraged: động viên |
| 14. | A | put an end to: finish =kết thúc |
| 15. | B | teaches: dạy (chủ từ số ít) |
| 16. | D | falls (in love with): yêu ai đó |
| 17. | B | was rescued: được sứu sống |
| 18. | B | notorious criminal: tội rõ ràng |
| 19. | C | death: cái chết |
| 20. | D | have influence on: ảnh hưởng |
Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 1. | D cause difficulties: gây khó khăn | |
| 2. | A evaporate (v) bay/ bốc hơi | |
| 3. | B Approximately = About: khoảng | |
| 4. | A written (v) viết, sang tác | |
| 5. | C to reduce: cắt giảm | |
| 6. | B on my own: tự tôi (cụm từ) | |
| 7. | D spend time V-ing: ngữ cố định | |
| 8. | D be good at: giỏi môn/ việc gì | |
| 9. | A enjoy V-ing: hào hứng, thích | |
| 10. | B since + mốc/ mệnh đề thời gian | |
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 11. | C | high (adj) độ cao “How adj” |
| 12. | D | cost: chi phia hết bao nhiêu |
| 13. | C | take place: xảy ra, diễn ra |
| 14. | B | On: vào ngày cụ thể |
| 15. | D | It be adj for O to V: (cấu trúc) |
| 16. | B | would like (O) to V: (cấu trúc) |
| 17. | B | musical instruments: nhạc cụ |
| 18. | A | southern accent: giọng Nam |
| 19. | D | population: dân số |
| 20. | C | longer: so sánh tính từ đơn âm |
Exercise 8: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
| 1. | D | current (adj) hiện tại, hiện hành |
| 2. | A | much better than: so sánh |
| 3. | C | emotional (adj) cảm động |
| 4. | B | be attentive: chú ý, tập trung |
| 5. | B | ample (adj) đáp ứng mong mỏi |
| 6. | A | slight tremble: hơi run run |
| 7. | C | subtle changes: thay đổi nhỏ |
| 8. | A | rude (adj) thô lỗ, bất nhã |
| 9. | B | tedious: chán ngắt, tẻ nhạt |
| 10. | D | sociable: hòa đồng |
| 11. | C | imaginative: óc tưởng tượng |
| 12. | A | polite (adj) lịch sự, tinh tế |
| 13. | A | a little: một chút, ít |
| 14. | B | acceptable: có thể chấp nhận |
| 15. | A | be (un)aware of (cấu trúc) |
| 16. | D | academic (adj) kiến thức |
| 17. | D | illegible (adj) không rõ |
| 18. | D | public school: trường tư |
| 19. | A | the cleverer: so sánh với 2 vật |
| 20. | C | informative: giàu thông tin |
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