CHUYÊN ĐỀ RELATIVE CLAUSES – REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES – REDUCED CLAUSES
I. LÝ THUYẾT
A. RELATIVE CLAUSES
– Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that) hay các trạng từ quan hệ như (where, when, why). Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay đằng sau danh từ. Chức năng của nó giống như một tính từ do vậy nó còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ.
Eg: The man who lives next door is very friendly.
| Danh từ đứng trước (Antecedent) | Chủ ngữ (Subject) | Tân ngữ (Object) | Sở hữu cách (Possesive Case) |
| Người (person) | Who/That | Whom/That | Whose |
| Vật (Thing) | Which/That | Which/That | Of which/ whose |
Relative Clauses:
| Rel. Cl. Ant. | Relative clause | |
| Relative pronoun / adverb | The other parts | |
| Things | + which / that | + V ( + O) + S + V |
| People | + who / that + whom /that | + V( + O) + S + V |
|
People/ things |
+ whose | V ( + O) + n + S + V |
| Place Time Reason | + where + when + why | + S + V (+ O) |
I. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative pronouns)
1.WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
Ex: – I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
-> I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
The girl is John’s sister. You saw her at the concert.
=> The girl who you saw at the concert is …
2. WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
-> I know the girl whom I spoke to.
3. WHICH: – thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ ngữ /tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
Ex: – She works for a company. It makes cars
-> She works for a company which makes cars.
The accident wasn’t very serious. Daniel saw it.
=> The accident which Daniel saw ……
* Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó – a connector
Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.
He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)
4. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định (Mđ không có dấu phẩy)
Ex: – I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.
– I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.
– She works for a company that/ which makes cars.
*Notes:
+ Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:
– Sau đại từ bất định: something, anyone, nobody,…hoặc sau “ all, much , none, little…” được dùng như đại từ.
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
All that is mine is yours./ These walls are all that are remains of the city.
– Sau các tính từ so sánh hơn nhất, các từ chỉ thứ tự : only, first, last, second, next…
Ex: – This is the most beautiful dress that I’ve ever had.
– You are the only person that can help us.
Trong cấu trúc : It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
It is/was not until + time/clause + that……(mãi tới khi….thì…)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
It was not until 1990 that she became a member of the team.
+ Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
– Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. (sai)
– Sau giới từ.
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale. (sai)
+ Bắt buộc dùng THAT :
– Sau cụm từ vừa chỉ người và vật, bắt buộc dùng “that”:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
We can see the farmers and their cattle that are going to the field.
– Trong cấu trúc : It be ………. that …………. (có thể dùng WHO khi chủ ngữ Hoặc tân ngữ đứng giữa “It be N / O that ….” chỉ người
5. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho các danh từ có tính từ sở hữu đi kèm (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: – John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
-> John found a cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken. (Of which is informal)
– This is the student. I borrowed his book.
àThis is the student whose book I borrowed.
*Các từ chỉ số lượng như (quantifiers): All of, None of, each of, most of, many of, neither of, the majority of …=> có thể dùng với WHICH / WHOM/ WHOSE trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:
Ex: – Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
-> Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
– He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
à He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
She has a teddy- bear. Both of its eyes are brown.
=> She has a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes are brown.
*Lưu ý về mệnh đề quan hệ:
Giới từ có thể đứng trước Whom và which.
– in formal written style: prep + which/ whom Eg:The man about whom you are talking is my brother.
– in informal style: giới từ thường đứng sau động từ:The man whom you are talking about is my brother.
Chú ý: Khi ĐTQH làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và giới từ đứng sau động từ trong mệnh đề thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ.
Eg: The picture (which) you are looking at is very expensive.
Nhưng khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ:
Eg: The picture at which you are looking is very expensive.
Giới từ không dùng trước That và Who:
Khi động từ trong mệnh đề là Phrasal verbs : không được chuyển giới từ lên trước ĐTQH whom /which:
Eg: Did you find the word which you were looking up?
The child whom I have looked after for a year is very naughty.
The man whom you are looking forward to is the chairman of the company.
Without luôn đứng trước whom/ which:
Eg: The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane.
Fortunately we had a map without which we would have got lost.
5. Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ ( mà trước chúng không có giới từ ) trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược bỏ. Tuy nhiên trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thì không thể lược bỏ.
Eg: That’s the house (which) I have bought.
The woman (whom) you met yesterday works in advertising.(làm nghề quảng cáo)
Eg: Mr Tom, whom everybody suspected, turned out to be innocent.
II. Phó từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)
1.WHERE: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thay cho (in/ at / on … which), there / here.
Ex: – The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
-> The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
at which
Eg: That is the house. We used to live in it.
=> That is the house where we used to live. (= in which)
This is the table. My teacher put his book on it.
=> This is the table where my teacher put his book. (= on which)
2.WHEN:thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian hoặc thay cho (in/ on/at… which), then
Ex: – Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
-> Do you remember the day when/on which we first met?
Eg: That was the time when he managed the company. (= at which)
-> Spring is the season when flowers of all kinds are in full bloom. (= in which)
3. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do.
Ex: – Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
-> Tell me the reason why/for which you are so sad.
*Note:
“Where” có thể được sử dụng mà không cần cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Eg: Put it where we all can see it.
Không sử dụng giới từ trước “Where, When, Why”.
Eg: The building in where he lives/ where he lives in is very old. (sai)
=> The building in which he lives is very old.
III. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (Defining & Non-Defining relative clauses)
1.Defining Relative Clauses:
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa. (modify the antecedent which is unclear in meaning)
Ex: – I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
-> I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH hạn định.
2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses:
– Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm), nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa (modify the antecedent which is clear in meaning, so it’s just an extra information).
– Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (use commas to separate with main clause) .
Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi:
+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…+ N
+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất.
Ex: – My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
-> My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
– Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
-> Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
– The sun made the traveler thirsty. It was hot at midday.
-> The Sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveler thirsty.
* LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không hạn định.
+ Không dùng THAT trong mệnh đề này.
B. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
Điều kiện : Khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, trước ĐTQH không có giới từ.
1.Dùng phân từ:
a.Dùng hiện tại phân từ (present participle) : V-ing -> Khi V trong MĐ ở dạng chủ động
Eg: + The man who is standing there is my brother.
=> The man standing there is my brother
+ Bill, who wanted to make an impression on Ann, invited her to his house.
=> Bill, wanting to make an impression on Ann, invited her to his house.
* Notes: Không nên dùng HTPT để diễn đạt hành động đơn trong quá khứ.
Eg: + The police wanted to interview the people who saw the accident.
=> The police wanted to interview the people seeing the accident. (không nên)
But: + The people who saw the accident had to report it to the police.
=> The people seeing the accident had to report it to the police.
b) Dùng quá khứ phân từ ( Past participle): Ved/3 Khi V trong MĐ ở dạng bị động
Eg: + The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
=> The boy injured in the accident…………………………………….
+ Most of the goods that are made in this factory are exported.
=> Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.
+ Some of the people who have been invited to the party can’t come.
=> Some of the people invited to the party can’t come.
2) Dùng cụm to inf: (To V/ For sb to V / to be + PII… ) (2)
-Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây : The ONLY, LAST, FIRST, NEXT, SECOND…
Ex: + This is the only student who can solve the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
=> This is the only student to solve the problem.
+ She is the youngest player who won the game.
=> She is the youngest player to win the game.
– ĐTQH là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề, khi muốn diễn đạt mục đích, sự cho phép.
Ex: + The children need a big yard which they can play in.
=> The children need a big yard to play in.
-Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: + Here is the form that you must fill in.
=> Here is the form for you to fill in.
+ There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to-inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
– Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì dùng for sb +to V.
Ex: + We have some picture books that children can read.
=> We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ ngữ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone…. thì có thể không cần ghi ra.
Ex: + Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
=> Studying abroad is the wonderful thing (for us) to think about.
– Nếu trước relative pronouns có giới từ thì phải đưa giới từ xuống cuối câu.
Ex: + We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
=> We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ/ ngữ đồng vị )
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
Which/ Who+ BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ/ TÍNH TỪ (3)
Cách làm: bỏ who, which và be
Ex: Vo Nguyen Giap, who was the first general of Vietnam, passed away one week ago.
=> VNG, the first general of Vietnam, passed away one week ago.
Ex: We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.
=> We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.
PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN MĐQH:
Bước 1 : – Tìm xem mệnh đề quan hệ nằm ở đâu.
Bước 2: Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm danh từ.
Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ?Nếu có áp dụng công thức (3).
Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trước ĐTQH có các dấu hiệu the first ,only, second, third…./so sánh hơn nhất…, nếu có thì áp dụng công thức (2). Lưu ý thêm, xem 2 chủ ngữ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for sb+ V )
Nếu không có 2 trường hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-ing hay Ved/3.
C. REDUCED CLAUSES : RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG TỪ (Reduce an adverbial clause)
* Điều kiện: Chủ từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng từ giống nhau
* Cách rút gọn:
– Bỏ các liên từ bắt đầu một mệnh đề trạng từ.
– Chuyển các hình thức động từ ở dạng chủ động thành present participle (đối với các thì đơn / tiếp diễn) hoặc having + past participle (V3, ed) (đối với các thì hoàn thành).
Example: + After he had finished his work, he went home.
à (After) having finished his work, he went home.
+ He was lying on the floor, he was reading a book.
à Lying on the floor, he was reading a book.
Or: He was lying on the floor, reading a book.
– Giữ nguyên hình thức động từ ở dạng bị động ở dạng past participle hoặc being + past participle (Đối với các thì đơn / tiếp diễn) hoặc having been + past participle (V3, ed) (đối với các thì hoàn thành).
Example:
+ He was punished by his father, he cried bitterly.
->Being punished by his father, he cried bitterly.
Or: Punished by his father, he cried bitterly.
+ After she had been treated cruelly by her husband, she divorced him.
-> Having been treated cruelly by her husband, she divorced him.
a. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
– Hai hành động xảy ra song song :
+ He was lying on the floor, he was reading a book.
-> He was lying on the floor, reading a book.
– Hai hành động xảy ra trước sau (thường rút ngắn mđ xảy ra trước)
+ When I came home, I turned on the lights.
-> Coming home, I turned on the lights.
b. Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân.
+ Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a motorcycle.
->Being unable to afford a car, she bought a motorcycle.
+ She felt very confident because she had prepared well for the test.
-> Having prepared well for the test, she felt very confident.
c. Mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản.
+ Although I admit he is right, I do not like him.
->Admitting he is right, I do not like him.
+ Although he is famous, he looks very simple.
->Being famous, he looks very simple.
d. Mệnh đề điều kiện.
+ If you follow my advice, you can win the game.
->Following my advice, you can win the game.
+ If you had gone to the party, you would have met her.
->Having gone to the party, you would have met her.
Mệnh đề kết quả: Khi hành động thứ 2 tạo thành một phần hoặc là kết quả của hành động 1, ta có thể rút ngắn hành động 2 về cụm HTPT (V-ing).
+ As she went out, she slammed the door.
-> She went out, slamming the door.
+ He fired, wounding one of the bandits.
PHẦN II: VÍ DỤ
Bài tập 1: Hãy điền đại từ quan hê who, which, whose vào chỗ trống:
1. This is the bank........................was robbed yesterday.
2. A boy........................sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man........................robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask........................made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend........................waited outside in the car.
6. The woman........................gave him the money was young.
7. The bag........................contained the money was yellow.
8. The people........................were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man........................mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman........................daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car........................the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber........................mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man........................drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights........................were red.
15. A police officer........................car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
Bài tập 2: Điền who, whom, which vào chỗ trống:
1. Do you know the girl ........................ I danced with?
2. Do you know the girl ........................ danced with me?
3. The apples ........................ are lying on the table are bad.
4. The apples ........................ we bought in the shop are bad.
5. We will stay at a hotel ........................ is not far from the beach.
6. We will stay at a hotel ........................ my friend has recommended to us.
7. That is a museum ........................ I like very much.
8. That is a museum ........................ lies in the heart of the town.
9. This is the man ........................ Barbara visited in Scotland.
10. This is the man ........................ lives in Scotland.
Bài tập 3: Điền where, when hay why vào chỗ trống:
1. This is the station........................Emily met James.
2. July and August are the months........................most people go on holiday.
3. Do you know the reason........................so many people in the world learn English?
4. This is the church........................Sue and Peter got married.
5. Edinburgh is the town........................Alexander Graham Bell was born.
6. 25 December is the day........................children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents.
7. A famine was the reason........................so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the 19th century.
8. A greengrocer's is a shop........................you can buy vegetables.
9. The day........................I arrived was very nice.
10. A horror film was the reason........................I couldn't sleep last night.
Bài tập 4: Viết câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ dựa trên các từ cho sẵn:
1. A Scot is a person (live in Scotland) _________________________
2. Nessie is a monster (live in Loch Ness) _________________________
3. A fridge is a thing (keep food cool) _________________________
4. A DJ is someone (play music in a disco) _________________________
5. A bee is an insect (make honey) _________________________
6. A lemon is a fruit (be yellow and sour) _________________________
7. A watch is a thing (tell the time) _________________________
8. A ferry is a ship (carry people across the water) _________________________
9. A shop assistant is someone (work in a shop) _________________________
10. A key is a thing (can open and lock doors) _________________________
Bài tập 5: Nối các câu sau dùng mệnh đề quan hệ:
1. I gave you a book. It had many pictures.
The book _________________________
2. I am reading a book at the moment. It is very interesting.
The book _________________________
3. You live in a town. The town is very old.
The town _________________________
4. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday.
The sweets _________________________
5. The football match was very exciting. My friend played in it.
The football match _________________________
6. The letter hasn't arrived yet. I posted it three days ago.
The letter _________________________
7. He lives in a house. The house is not very big.
The house _________________________
8. They are playing a song on the radio. Do you like it?
Do you like _________________________
9. Jane wore a beautiful shirt yesterday. Did you see it?
Did you see _________________________
10. Sue is going out with a boy. I don't like him.
I don't like _________________________
Bài tập 6: Nối hai câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ:
1. Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson was born in 1709.
Samuel Johnson _________________________
2. In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford.
In 1728, he went _________________________
3. Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to pay the fees.
Johnson _________________________
4. In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry, essays and biographies.
In 1737, Johnson _________________________
5. In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine years to complete.
In 1746, Johnson started _________________________
6. His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London. It is a museum now.
17 Gough Square in London _________________________
7. In this house, his wife died in 1752. Her name was Elizabeth Porter.
In this house his wife _________________________
8. In 1755, the work was published. It was called A Dictionary of the English Language.
In 1755, the work _________________________
9. Samuel Johnson died in 1784. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Samuel Johnson _________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài tập 1: Hãy điền đại từ quan hê who, which, whose vào chỗ trống:
1. This is the bank which was robbed yesterday.
2. A boy whose sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man who robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask which made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend who waited outside in the car.
6. The woman who gave him the money was young.
7. The bag which contained the money was yellow.
8. The people who were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man whose mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman whose daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car which the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber whose mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man who drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights which were red.
15. A police officer whose car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
Bài tập 2: Điền who, whom, which vào chỗ trống:
1. Do you know the girl whom I danced with?
2. Do you know the girl who danced with me?
3. The apples which are lying on the table are bad.
4. The apples which we bought in the shop are bad.
5. We will stay at a hotel which is not far from the beach.
6. We will stay at a hotel which my friend has recommended to us.
7. That is a museum which I like very much.
8. That is a museum which lies in the heart of the town.
9. This is the man whom Barbara visited in Scotland.
10. This is the man who lives in Scotland.
Bài tập 3: Điền where, when hay why vào chỗ trống:
1. This is the station where Emily met James.
2. July and August are the months when most people go on holiday.
3. Do you know the reason why so many people in the world learn English?
4. This is the church where Sue and Peter got married.
5. Edinburgh is the town where Alexander Graham Bell was born.
6. 25 December is the day when children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents.
7. A famine was the reason why so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the 19th century.
8. A greengrocer's is a shop where you can buy vegetables.
9. The day when I arrived was very nice.
10. A horror film was the reason why I couldn't sleep last night.
Bài tập 4: Viết câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ dựa trên các từ cho sẵn:
1. A Scot is a person who lives in Scotland.
2. Nessie is a monster which lives in Loch Ness.
3. A fridge is a thing which keeps food cool.
4. A DJ is someone that plays music in a disco.
5. A bee is an insect which makes honey.
6. A lemon is a fruit which is yellow and sour.
7. A watch is a thing which tells the time.
8. A ferry is a ship which carries people across the water.
9. A shop assistant is someone that works in a shop.
10. A key is a thing which can open and lock doors.
Bài tập 5: Nối các câu sau dùng mệnh đề quan hệ:
1. The book which I gave you had many pictures.
2. The book which I am reading at the moment is very interesting.
3. The town where you live is very old.
4. The sweets which I bought yesterday are delicious.
5. The football match which my friend played in was very exciting.
6. The letter which I posted three days ago hasn’t arrived yet.
7. The house where he lives is not very big.
8. Do you like the song which are playing on the radio.
9. Did you see the shirt which Jane wore yesterday.
10. I don't like the boy whom Sue is going out with.
Bài tập 6: Nối hai câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ:
1. Samuel Johnson, who was born in 1709, was the son of a bookseller.
2. In 1728, he went to Oxford where he studied at Pembroke College.
3. Johnson, who was too poor to pay the fees, had to leave Oxford without a degree
4. In 1737, Johnson moved to London where he wrote poetry, essays and biographies.
5. In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary which took him nine years to complete.
6. 17 Gough Square in London, which was his home at that time, is a museum now.
7. In this house his wife whose name was Elizabeth Porter, died in 1752.
8. In 1755, the work which was called A Dictionary of the English Language was published.
9. Samuel Johnson, who died in 1784, is buried in Westminster Abbey.
PHẦN III: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Exercise 1
1.Sunday is the day______ I go to Water park with my kids.
a. when
b. where
c. why
d. which
2. Do you know the reason______ 6 was killed?
a. when
b. where
c. why
d. which
3. That was the reason______ he didn’t marry her.
a. when
b. where
c. why
d. which
4. An architect is someone______ deigns buildings.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
5. The boy to______ I lent my money is poor.
a. that
b. whom
c. who
d. which
6. The land and the people______ I have met are nice.
a. who
b. whom
c. that
d. which
7. Did you ever find out______ penetrated in your house last month?
a. who
b. whom
c. that
d. which
8. The year______ the first man traveled in space will never be forgotten.
a. which
b. that
c. when
d. where
9. I cannot tell you all______ I heard.
a. Which
b. that
c. as
d. because
10. I can answer the question______ you day is very difficult.
a. which
b. whom
c. who
d. whose
11. We saw the girl______ you say is beautiful.
A. which
b. whom
c. who
d. whose
12. This is the place______ the battle took place ten years ago.
a. which
b. in where
c. where
d. from where
13. Sunday is the day______ which we usually go fishing.
a. during
b. at
c. in
d. on
14. The person______ you want to see is not her.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
15. This is the last time______ I speak to you
a. of which
b. that
c. who
d. whose
16. He talked about the books and the authors______ interested him.
a. who
b. that
c. which
d. whom
17. He talked about the books and the authors______ interested him.
a. who
b. that
c. which
d. whom
18. You know your lesson______ surprises me.
a. who
b. which
c. that
d. no word is needed
19. Bondi is the beautiful beach______ I used to sunbathe.
a. when
b. where
c. which
d. why
20. Dec 26th, 2005 was the day______ the terrible tsunami happened
a. when
b. where
c. why
d. which
Exercise 2
1.The woman______ lives nest door is doctor.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
2. The boy ____ Mary likes is my son.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
3. The boy_____ eyes are brown is my son.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
4. The book ____ is on the table is interesting.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
5. The book ____ you bought yesterday is interesting.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
6. The table____ legs are broken should be repaired.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
7. The book ____ you bought yesterday is interesting.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. f
8. This is the room ____ 006 was killed.
a. when
b. where
c. why
d. which
9. The princess was happy during the years____ she lived with the fairy.
a. when
b. in which
c. where
d. that
10. The town____ we are living is noisy and crowded
a. in where
b. which
c. at which
d. where
11. The year____ we came to live here was 1975.
a. when
b. which
c. that
d. in the time
12. The teacher____ house is next to mine died this morning.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
13. He was loyal to____ trusted him.
a. whomever
b. whom
c. whoever
d. what
14. The knife____ we cut bread is very sharp.
a. with that
b. which
c. with which
d. that
15. Tonight I’ll do the assignment____ gave us last week.
a. the teacher
b. who the teacher
c. whom the teacher
d. of the teacher
16. The lady____ son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
17. He has just gone to his friend’s house____ there is a party today.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
18. Take____ measures you consider best.
a. however
b. whenever
c. wherever
d. whatever
19. ____difficulties you may encounter, I’m sure you’ll succeed.
a. how
b. what ever
c. however
d. how greater
20. He is the only friend ____ I like.
a. who
b. that
c. whom
d. whose
Exercise 3
1.What was the name of the girl____ phoned you last night?
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
2. What was the name of the girl____ you phone last night?
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
3. The bed____ which I slept was too soft.
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. for
4. I didn’t get the job____ which I applied.
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. for
5. The man ____ whom she is married has been married twice before.
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. to
6. The party____ which we went wasn’t very enjoyable.
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. to
7. Who was that girl____ whom you were yesterday?
a. with
b. on
c. at
d. in
8. The fight____ which we wanted to travel was fully booked.
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. for
9. I enjoy my job because I like the people____ whom I work.
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. for
10. I wasn’t interested in the things____ which they were talking.
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. about
11. The house____ which I am living is not in very good condition
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. for
12. My brother Jim, ____ lives in Houston, is a doctor.
a. that
b. who
c. whom
d. which
13. Brad told me about his new job, ____ he’s enjoying very much.
a. that
b. who
c. whom
d. which
14. We stayed at the Grand Hotel, ____ Ann recommended to us.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
15. My English teacher, ____ comes from Australia, loves computers.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
16. She is the most beautiful girl____ ever lived.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
17. There were two small rooms in the beach house____ served as a kitchen.
a. the smaller of which
b. the smallest of which
c. the smaller of them
d. smallest of that
18. The decision was postponed, ____ was exactly what he wanted.
a. which
b. that
c. who
d. whom
19. All the people____ have gone into the room are still young.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
20. The year____ he died was full of calamities.
a. on which
b. which
c. in which
d. where
Exercise 4
1.The new model, ____ had just come out, is the best so far.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
2. The rumour____ we heard yesterday is not true.
a. that
b. which
c. no word is needed
d. all are correct
3. The picnic was postponed, ____ was due to the weather.
a. which
b. that
c. who
d. whom
4. I was happy during the years____ I lived with my grandfather.
a. when
b. that
c. in which
d. where
5. The area____ we are living is quiet.
a. which
b. at which
c. in where
d. where
6. The man____ she loves has been captured by the enemy.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
7. The student____ you just met is in one of my classes.
a. his parents
b. whose parents
c. parents of his
d. parents who
8. The woman ____ lives next door to us is a weather forecaster on a local TV station.
a. whose
b. she
c. whom
d. who
9. The speech____ we listened last night was informative.
a. to which
b. which to
c. to that
d. that
10. This morning I met Diane, ____ I hadn’t seen for ages.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
11. Amy, ____ car had broken down, was in a very bad mood.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
12. Mrs. Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, ____ her daughter lives.
a. when
b. where
c. why
d. that
13. Jack has three brothers, all of____ are married
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
14. They gave us a lot of information, most of ____ was useless.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
15. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of ____ I had met before.
a. whom
b. whom
c. them
d. that
16. I have sent him two letters, neither of ____ has arrived.
a. who
b. them
c. which
d. that
17. John won $20,000, half of____ he gave to his parents.
a. it
b. whom
c. which
d. that
18. Ten people applied for the job, none of ____ were suitable.
a. who
b. whom
c. them
d. that
19. She couldn’t come to the party, ____ was perfectly true.
a. who
b. it
c. which
d. that
20. Jill isn’t on the phone, ____ makes it difficult to contact her.
a. which
b. that
c. who
d. it
Exercise 5
1.You need to talk to a person____ you can trust. You will feel better if you do.
a. whose
b. which
c. whom
d. f
2. Bod is the kind of person to____ one can talk about anything.
a. who
b. whom
c. that
d. him
3. He is a person____ friends trust him.
a. who
b. his
c. that
d. whose
4. I’m looking for an electric can opener____ also can sharpen knives.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. f
5. People____ live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. f
6. The problems____ Tony has seem insurmountable.
a. what
b. he
c. that
d. f
7. The man____ I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university.
a. which
b. whom
c. that
d. f
8. Cathy is trustworthy. She’s a person upon____ you can always depend.
a. who
b. whom
c. that
d. f
9. Your career should focus on a field in ____ you are genuinely interested.
a. which
b. what
c. that
d. f
10. People____ outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
a. whose
b. whom
c. that
d. which
11. They said they didn’t have any money, ____ was a pity.
a. which
b. that
c. this
d. it
12. I haven’t got a passport, ____ means I can’t leave my country.
a. which
b. that
c. this
d. it
13. He offered to let me stay in his house, ____ was very nice of him.
a. this
b. which
c. it
d. that
14. They didn’t thank us for the meal before they left____ I thought was very rude of them.
a. this
b. which
c. it
d. that
15. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, ____ makes it difficult to sleep.
a. this
b. where
c. that
d. which
16. That’s the room____ I used to stay.
a. which
b. when
c. where
d. why
17. That’s the one____ they serve the best food.
a. which
b. when
c. where
d. why
18. That’s the one____ they serve the best food
a. where
b. which
c. when
d. why
19. Doc Let is the beach____ I used to sunbathe.
a. where
b. which
c. when
d. why
20. It was the time____ I had a lot of toys.
a. where
b. which
c. when
d. why
Exercise 6
1.That is the place_____ the accident occurred.
a. where
b. which
c. on which
d. that
2. There was a time_____ movies cost a dime.
a. as
b. where
c. when
d. which
3. One of the people _____ I admire most in the history of the world is Gandhi.
a. that
b. which
c. whose
d. of them
4. I enjoyed talking to he people _____ I had dinner last night.
a. to whom
b. with whom
c. with that
d. with whose
5. I received two job offers, _____ I accepted.
a. neither of which
b. neither of them
c. neither of that
d. neither of whom
6. I have three brothers, _____ are professional athletes.
a. two of which
b. two of whom
c. both of which
d. two of them
7. Sally lost her job, _____ wasn’t surprising.
a. hat
b. what
c. it
d. which
8. Her boss fired her, _____ made her angry.
a. that
b. what
c. which
d. it
9. Those were the days_____ we played truant.
a. where
b. which
c. why
d. when
10. That was the time _____ I was unhappy.
a. where
b. when
c. which
d. why
11. That’s the reason_____ I didn’t come to the meeting last night.
a. where
b. when
c. which
d. why
12. I must find a time_____ I can tell her the truth.
a. where
b. how
c. when
d. why
13. I know a place_____ there are a lot of daffodils.
a. where
b. how
c. when
d. why
14. Dr. Sales is a person_____
a. In whom I don’t have much confidence.
b. In that I don’t have much confidence.
c. whom I dont’ have much confidence in him
d. I don’t have much confidence
15. “Is April twenty-first the day_____?” “No, the twenty – second”.
a. you’ll arrive then
b. when you’ll arrive
c. on that you’ll arrive
d. when you’ll arrive on
16. The severe drought_____ occurred last summer ruined the corn crop.
a. that it
b. which it
c. it
d. that
17. Florida, _____ the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
a. is
b. knows as
c. is known as
d. that is known as
18. The new shopping mall is gigantic. It’s advertised as a place_____ you can find just about anything you might want to buy.
a. where
b. which
c. in where
d. in that
19. I have always wanted to visit Paris, _____ of France.
a. is the capital
b. which the capital is
c. that is the capital
d. the capital
20. The chemistry book _____ was a little expensive.
a. that I bought it
b. I bought that
c. what I bought
d. I bought
Exercise 7:
1.The man ________ spoke to John is my brother.
A. whom
B. who
C. whose
D. which
2. I must thank the man from _____ I got the present.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
3. It is a car ______ I bought last year.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. whose
4. He is the man _______ son is a doctor
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. whose
5. I come from a city _______ is located in the southern part of the country.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. whose
6. The film about _____ they are talking is fantastic.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
7. That ’s the woman to _______ Jim used to be married.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that
8. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting well
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. waited
D. wait
9. He is the boy _______ is my best friend
A. that
B. whom
C. who
D. A& C
10. I have a message for people __________ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay
B. who delay
C. delayed
D. who delaying
11. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.
A. to overlook
B. overlooking
C. overlooked
D. which overlooking
12. Melanie was the only person __________ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote
B. written
C. to write
D. writing
13. The pilot was the only man __________ after the crash.
A. was rescued
B. rescued
C. rescuing
D. to be rescued
14. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember.
A. whose
B. which
C. who
D. whom
15. I talked to a woman __________ car had broken down on the way to the party.
A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. whom
16. Vicky, __________ name was missed off the list, wasn’t very pleased.
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. whom
17. The picture was painted by Laura, ____________ is being shown in an exhibition.
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. whom
18. The concert ___________ we are looking forward is next Saturday.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. A & B
19. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met the other day.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. why
20. The success of shared holidays depends on __________ you shared it with.
A. whose
B. who
C. whom
D. which
21. The sun, ____ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat an light.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. A & B are correct
22. Tom made a number of suggestions, most of ____ were very helpful.
A. them
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
23. Alaska, __________ my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States.
A. which
B. where
C. w ho
D. All are correct
24. Tell me the reason ____________ you were absent yesterday.
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. that
25. There was a time __________ dinosaurs dominated the earth.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. A & B are correct
26. The house in ___________ I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. All are correct
27. Summer is the time of the year _________ the weather is the hottest.
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
28. Sunday is the day on ___________ I am least busy.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. that
29. Do you know the man about ___________ they’re talking?
A. whom
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
30. What’s the name of the blonde girl ___________ just came in?
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & B are correct
31. I don’t like people ___________ lose their tempers easily.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
32. Mexico City, _______ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world.
A. which
B. whose
C. that
D. A & B are correct
33. This is Henry, __________ sister works for my father.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
34. He’s the man ___________ people like at first sight.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
35. Could you iron the trousers ___________ are hanging up behind the door?
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
36. Where is the girl _________ sells tickets?
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
37. The man _________ we consider as our leader had much experience in climbing mountains.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
38. The artist _________ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
39. Frank invited Janet, __________ he had met in Japan, to the party.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
40. The girl __________ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award.
A. whose
B. whom
C. that
D. which
41. I need to find a painting ________ will match the rest of my room.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
42. There are too many poor people ________ do not have enough to eat in the world.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
43. The trees __________ have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
44. The teacher ___________ teaches us French is coming today.
A. whom
B. who
C. that
D. B & C are correct
45. What’s the music to ___________ you are listening?
A. whose
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
46. I don’t like the stories __________ have unhappy endings.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
47. The students __________ don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
48. The dress __________ she bought last week doesn’t fit her well.
A. whom
B. which
C. whose
D. B & C are correct
49. Do you know a shop ___________ sells good coffee?
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. A & B are correct
50. The teacher punished the student _________ was naughty.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. A & B are correct
--(Nội dung đầy đủ, chi tiết vui lòng xem tại online hoặc đăng nhập để tải về máy)---
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1
1a 2a 3c 4a 5b 6c 7a 8c 9b 10a 11c 12c 13d 14b 15c 16a17b 18d 19b 20a
Exercise 2
| 1a | 2b | 3d | 4c | 5c | 6d | 7d | 8b | 9a | 10d |
| 11a | 12d | 13c | 14c | 15a | 16c | 17d | 18d | 19b | 20b |
Exercise 3
| 1a | 2b | 3a | 4d | 5d | 6d | 7a | 8b | 9d | 10d |
| 11a | 12b | 13d | 14c | 15a | 16d | 17a | 18a | 19d | 20c |
Exercise 4
| 1d | 2d | 3a | 4a | 5d | 6b | 7b | 8d | 9a | 10b |
| 11c | 12b | 13b | 14c | 15b | 16c | 17c | 18b | 19c | 20a |
Exercise 5
| 1c,d | 2b | 3d | 4b,c | 5a | 6c,d | 7b,c,d | 8b | 9a | 10a |
| 11a | 12a | 13b | 14b | 15d | 16c | 17b | 18a | 19a | 20c |
Exercise 6
| 1a | 2c | 3a | 4b | 5a | 6b | 7d | 8c | 9d | 10b |
| 11d | 12c | 13a | 14a | 15b | 16d | 17b | 18d | 19d | 20a |
Exercise 7
1.B 2.B 3. C 4.D 5. C 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.D 10. C
11.B 12.C 13.D 14.A 15. C
16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20. C
21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. B
26. A 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. A
31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. A
41. D 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B
46. D 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. B
EXERCISE 1
| 1. B | 2. A | 3. C | 4. A | . A | 6. C | 7. C | 8. B | 9. C | 10. A |
| 11. B | 12. C | 13. C | 14. D |
EXERCISE 2
| 1. A | 2. B | 3. B | 4. D | 5. B | 6. D | 7. A | 8. D | 9. D | 10. B |
| 11. D | 12. C | 13. B | 14. C | 15. C | 16. C | 17. A | 18. D | 19. C | 20. C |
EXERCISE 3
| 1. D | 2. B | 3. C | 4. A | 5. B | 6. B | 7. C | 8. B | 9. A | 10. C |
| 11. D | 12. C | 13. D | 14. B | 15. B | 16. B | 17. A | 18. C | 19. B | 20. C |
IV.
1/. -> Seeing her old friends , the girl looked happy .
-> The girl saw her old friends ,looking happy .
2/.=> Invited to the party , the woman was happy .
3/ => Being tired of sleeping on the floor , the young man bought a new real bed .
4/.=> Broken in last night’s storm , the window has now been repaired .
5/.=> Finding the door unlocked , the man went into the room.
=> The man found the door unlocked , going into the room.
6/.=> When knowing that I had no job, Tom gave me a job .
7/.=> When made from milk , this cake is very delicious .
8/.=> When exhausted from work , Tom took a rest .
9/.=> She has bought some food sold at the market .
10/.=> Mr. Brown, writing this poem , is my uncle .
Trên đây là một phần trích đoạn nội dung Chuyên đề Relative Clauses. Để xem thêm nhiều tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích khác các em chọn chức năng xem online hoặc đăng nhập vào trang Chúng tôi để tải tài liệu về máy tính.
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