CHUYÊN ĐỀ MẠO TỪ - ARTICLES
PHẦN 1. LÝ THUYẾT
Indefinite Articles( Mạo từ bất định) : a/ an
– Dùng trước danh từ ( số ít) chưa xác định / mới đề cập lần đầu
* Dùng “an” trước nguyên âm ( u, e, o, a, i) hoặc phụ âm “h” không đọc rõ
Ex : an hour, an honest person
* Dùng “a” trước danh từ/ tính từ bắt đầu bằng “u” đọc là /ju:/
Ex : a unit ( nhưng an unofficial strike)
– a/ an thường dùng trong các trường hợp sau
+ với danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp . Ex : a doctor ; an engineer
+ danh từ đếm được số ít. Ex : We had an argument
+ các từ chỉ số, số lượng. Ex : A hundred, a million, a pair of shoes
Không dùng a/ an trước danh từ không đếm được
* NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG DÙNG “ A / AN”:
– Trước tên các quốc gia:
Ex: Japan, Germany
Lưu ý: trước các nước sau ta dùng “THE”
The United States, the Philippines, The United Kingdom, the Neitherlands………..
-Trước tên các ngôn ngữ:
Ex: French, English, Latin………….
-Trước tên các bữa ăn:
Ex: lunch, breakfast……
– Trước tên các tước hiệu:
Ex: Queen Elizabeth, President Bill Clinton……..
-Trước tên các ngọn núi, ao hồ…….
Ex: Mount St. Helen, Lake Windermere……….
-Trước các địa danh của các thị trấn, phố xá, nhà ga, sân bay, đường phố:
Ex: Heathrow Airport, Bond Street
Definite Article ( Mạo từ xác định) : the
Các trường hợp dùng “the”
– Đề cập đến một người, vật hay sự vật đã được nhắc đến từ trước:
Ex: I bought a shirt and a pullover this morning. Unluckily, the pullover is too tight
– Đềcập đếna cái mà người nghe lẫn người nói đều biết cho dù nó chưa được nhắc đến từ trước:
Ex: Where is the bathroom? – Over there, in the corner
– Trong những câu hay mệnh đề mà người nói muốn xác định đối tượng đềcập:
Ex: The singer who sang this song is not very famous
-Đề cập đến đối tượng tồn tại duy nhất:
Ex: The sun rises in the east
– Cùng với các tính từ chỉ quốc tịch hay đề cập đến một nhóm người nào đó:
Ex: The Americans produce Coke
The rich should help the poor
-Trước tên các đại dương, rặng núi, sa mạc…….
Ex: the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Sahara
-Trước dạng so sánh bậc nhất, số thứ tự:
Ex: The first, the most beautiful
-Đề cập đến thập niên:
Ex: I was born and grew up in the eighties
-Đề cập đến tên các nhạc cụ và các nhóm nhạc:
Ex: The Beatles played the acoustic guitar very well
– Các danh từ chỉ sự giải trí.
Ex: the theater, the concert, the church
– Trước tên các tàu thuyền, máy bay.
Ex: The Titanic was a great ship.
– Một nhóm các đảo hoặc quốc gia.
Ex: the Philippines, the United States.
– Tên người ở số nhiều (chỉ gia đình).
Ex: The Blacks, The Blues, the Nams
– Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn.
Ex: in the morning, in the street, in the water…..
– Chuỗi thời gian hoặc không gian.
Ex: the next, the following, the last…
THE không được dùng:
| – Trước các danh từ số nhiều nói chung | Ex: They build houses near the hall. |
| – Danh từ trừu tượng, không đếm được. | Ex: Independence is a happy thing. |
| – Các danh từ chỉ màu sắc. | Ex: Red and white make pink. |
| – Các môn học. | Ex: Math is her worst subject. |
| – Các vật liệu, kim loại. | Ex: Steel is made from iron. |
| – Các tên nước, châu lục, thành phố. | Ex: Ha Noi is the capital of VietNam. |
| – Các chức danh, tên người. | Ex: President Bill Clinton, Ba, Nga |
| – Các bữa ăn, món ăn, thức ăn. | Ex: We have rice and fish for dinner |
| – Các trò chơi, thể thao. | Ex: Football is a popular sport in VN. |
| – Các loại bệnh tật. | Ex: Cold is a common disease. |
| – Ngôn ngữ, tiếng nói. | Ex: English is being used everywhere |
| – Các kì nghỉ, lễ hội. | Ex: Tet, Christmas, Valentine… |
| – Các cụm từ “at work/ at home/ at school/ go to work/ go home/ go to school” |
PHẦN 2. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Exercise 1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1.My mother goes to church in ______ morning.
A. x
B. every
C. the
D. a
2. I eat ______orange
A. an
B. orange
C. the orange s
D. any orange
3. Harry is ______ sailor.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
4. We had _____ dinner in a restaurant.
A. a
B. an
C. x
D. the
5. Mary loves _____ flowers.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
6. ______ is a star.
A. Sun
B. A sun
C. The sun
D. Suns
7. London is _____ capital of England.
A. an
B. a
C. x
D. the
8. I want ______ apple from that basket.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
9. She works six days _____ week.
A. in
B. for
C. a
D. X
10. I bought ______ umbrella to go out in the rain.
A. a
B. an
C. x
D. the
11. My daughter is learning to play ______violin at her school.
A. a
B. an
C. x
D. the
12. Please give me ______pen that is on the counter.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
13. Our neighbour has ______cat and ______ dog.
A. a/ a
B. an/ a
C. the/ the
D. X/ X
14. It is ______funniest book that I have ever read.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
15. I usually go to school by______bike.
A. a
B. an
C. x
D. the
Exercise 2:Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:
1.There are billions of stars in _____ space.
A. a
B. an
C. X
D. the
2. He tried to park his car but _____ space wasn’t big enough.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. X
3. Can you turn off _____ television, please?
A. X
B. a
C. an
D. the
4. We had _____ meal in a restaurant.
A. a
B. X
C. the
D. an
5. Thank you. That was ______ very nice lunch.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
6. My daughter plays _____ piano very well.
A. the
B. a
C. X
D. an
7. Jill went to ______ hospital to see her friend.
A. x
B. the
C. a
D. an
8. Mrs Lan went to ______ school to meet her son’s daughter.
A. x
B. the
C. a
D. an
9. We visited _______ two years ago.
A. Canada and the United States
B. the Canada and the United States
C. the Canada and United States
D. Canada and United States
10. Are you going away next week? No, _______ week after next.
A. a
B. the
C. some
D. X
11. We haven’t been to ______ for years.
A. cinema
B. the cinema
C. a cinema
D. any cinema
12. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ______ journey.
A. three hour
B. a three- hours
C. a three- hour
D. three- hours
13. I can’t work here. There’s so much ______.
A. noise
B. noises
C. the noise
D. a noise
14. I’ve seen ______ good films recently.
A. a
B. the
C. some
D. an
15. I often watch ______ television for two hours every night.
A. some
B. the
C. any
D. X
16. The injured man was taken to _____.
A. hospital
B. any hospital
C. the hospital
D. hospitals
17. She went out without _____ money.
A. any
B. an
C. a
D. x
18. Did _______ police find ______ person who stole your bicycle?
A. a /a
B. the / the
C. a / the
D. the / a
19. Can anyone give me …………………….. hand, please because I have just fallen over?
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
20. I don’t know what to do. It’s ………………………….. problem.
A. quite difficult
B. a quite difficult
C. quite a difficult
D. the quite difficult
21. I have left my book in …………………….. kitchen and I would like you to get it for me.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
22. Please meet me at the train station in ………………………. hour from now.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. X
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer that is made from the given words
1.I/ not have/ time/ breakfast/ this morning.
A. I didn’t have time for the breakfast this morning.
B. I didn’t have the time for the breakfast this morning.
C. I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.
D. I didn’t have time to breakfast this morning.
2. Opinion/ violent films/ not show/ television.
A. To my opinion, violent films should not be shown on television.
B. In my opinion, violent films should not be shown on television.
C. In my opinion, the violent films should not be shown on television.
D. For my opinion, violent films should not be shown on television.
3. Music/ play/ important part/ film.
A. Music plays an important part in film.
B. The music plays a important part in film.
C. Music plays the important part in a film.
D. Music plays an important part in a film.
4. Margaret/ loved/ have/ holidays/ seaside.
A. Margaret loved having holidays at the seaside.
B. Margaret loved having holidays in the seaside.
C. Margaret loved having holidays at seaside.
D. Margaret loved have holidays at the seaside.
5. Aunt/ sent/ me/ wonderful present.
A. My aunt sent me wonderful present.
B. My aunt sent me a wonderful present.
C. My aunt sent a wonderful present me.
D. My aunt sent me the wonderful present.
Exercise 4: Identify the one underlined word or phrase ( A,B,C or D ) that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct .
1.I visited Mexico and United States last year.
A B C D
2. France and Britain are separated by Channel.
A B C D
3. Next year we are going skiing in Swiss Alps.
A B C D
4. The word ‘restroom’ is an euphemism for toilet.
A B C D
5. The mechanic in the orange shirt put the quart of oil into the engine.
A B C D
6. If you are in the hurry, I can get it for you now.
A B C D
7. Is this the kind of the party you like?
A B C D
8. My grandmother had a bad heart and a arthritis.
A B C D
9. The most people believe that marriage and family life are the basis of our society.
A B C D
10. In Britain the coffee is more expensive than tea.
A B C D
Exercise 5:Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:
1._____driver was_____strong athletic young man.
A. The/the
B. The/a
C. A/ the
D. A/a
2. He took_____cigar from his mouth and blew away_____long trail of smoke.
A. the/a
B. a/a
C. the/the
D. a/the
3. We sat_____side by_____side smoking and thinking.
A. O/a
B. O/the
C. the/O
D. O/O
4. We got back to _____inn as _____night was falling.
A. the/the
B. a/the
C. the/O
D. the/a
5. It was_____ late afternoon and their shadows lay long across _____road.
A. O/the
B. O/O
C. the/the
D. a/the
6. _____invitations to_____dinner for 16 people were sent out.
A.O/the
B. O/a
C. the/the
D. a/the
7. He worked hard and often got out of _____bed at _____night to make sure that he had written _____point down.
A.O/the/a
B. O/O/a
C. the/the/O
D. a/the/O
8. They stood for _____moment, then all together slowly moved towards_____church.
A.O/the
B. O/O
C. the/a
D. a/the
9. “Do you usually go to _____church?” “Occasionally”
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. O
10. They are at_____sea now. They write that they are having_____marvelous time.
A.the/the
B. a/the
C. O/O
D. the/a
11. I’ll drive you to _____town this morning.
A. a
B. O
C. the
D. an
12. Although it was_____early afternoon, all_____lights in_____restaurant were on.
A.O/the/the
B. O/O/a
C. the/the/O
D. a/the/O
13. _____Nile flows right through_____city
A.O/the
B. O/a
C. the/the
D. a/the
14. It was _____sort of_____occasion when one wants to help but doesn’t know how.
A.the/the
B. a/the
C. the/a
D. the/O
Exercise 6
1.Although the team was both mentally and physically exhausted, they ________ on walking.
a. stopped
b. kept
c. took
d. put
2. Don’t forget to ________ your gloves on. It is cold outside.
a. let
b. make
c. put
d. fix
3. If you don’t pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you out!
a. lend you some money
b. play football with you
c. give you a kick
d. force you to leave
4. Yesterday I ran into Sam at the grocery store. I had not seen him for years.
a. met
b. visited
c. said goodbye to
d. made friends with
5. Let’s go over that report again before we submit it.
a. dictate
b. print
c. read carefully
d. type
6. Who will __________ the children when you are away ?
a. take care on
b. take care of
c. take care
d. care on
7. She is looking _____a new place to live because she does not want to depend _____her parents any more.
a. for / on
b. after / with
c. up / forward
d. at / into
8. I was brought _______ in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass _______.
a. on / over
b. for / on
c. on / off
d. up / away
9. Due to industrialization, we have to cope ____the fact that many species are ____ danger ____extinction.
a. over / at / for
b. at / upon / over
c. for / on / with
d. with / in / of
10. Boys! Put your toys ______. It is time to go to bed. Don’t stay _____ late.
a. off / on
b. away / up
c. down / off
d. around/ for
11. She intended to quit her job to stay _______ home and look _______ her sick mother.
a. in / at
b. at / after
c. for / over
d. up / on
12. He is very worried _______ his new job because he is not quite prepared _______ working.
a. on / over
b. to / off
c. about / for
d. in / at
13. Instead _____ petrol, cars will only run ____ solar energy and electricity.
a. of / on
b. for / by
c. in / over
d. from/ upon
14. She has a promising future ahead _______ her.
a. for
b. from
c. on
d. of
15. What are your plans for _______ future?
a. a
b. an
c. the
d. Ø
16. You have to study harder in order to _________________ your classmates.
a. keep pace into
b. keep pace on
c. keep pace at
d. keep pace with
17. If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty ___ drug ads.
a. with
b. of
c. for
d. about
18. The space shuttle crashed and went _______ in flames.
a. of
b. for
c. over
d. off
19. Elevators in tall building make the top floors accessible _____ everybody
a. to
b. with
c. about
d. at
20. While I am waiting _______ my bus, I often listen _______ music.
a. on / at
b. for / to
c. toward / about
d. upon / in
21. Will you take care _______ my little dog when I am _______ business?
a. through / away
b. about / at
c. for / over
d. of / on
22. According _______ Bill, there’s something wrong _______ my computer.
a. after / for
b. on / about
c. to / with
d. upon / at
23. He depends _______ his sister _______ assistance.
a. to / from
b. from / in
c. on / for
d. at / with
24. By 2015, it will be widely accepted that schools and pre-schools have ______extremely important role to play in future of our world.
a. an / a
b. an / the
c. the / the
d. Ø / Ø
25. On ___Internet and with cable television w e can select information from ___ wide variety of sources.
a. the / a
b. an / the
c. the / Ø
d. Ø / the
26.They arrived _______ that train station late because their taxi had broken _______.
a. at / down
b. for / off
c. on / over
d. on / up
27. Those workers are in difficulty because wage increases cannot keep up _______ inflation.
a. with
b. for
c. over
d. on
28. They argued _______ us _______ the problem last night, but we could not find ______the solution.
a. with / about / out
b. on / for / off
c. upon / with / in
d. to / on I up
29. Although I did not totally agree _____ feminist’s policies, I certainly admired their audacity, dedication and courage.
a. for
b. with
c. along
d. up
30. I didn’t get to see the end of that mystery movie on TV last night. How did it ________ out?
a. go
b. make
c. bring
d. turn
31. When you are finished using the computer, can you please ______ it off.
a. take
b. turn
c. do
d. go
32.When the alarm went off, everyone proceeded calmly to the emergency exits.
a. fell
b. exploded
c. called
d. rang
33. Look out. There is a rattlesnake under the picnic table!
a. Listen
b. Be careful
c. Go
d. Watch
34. Mrs. Jones’s husband passed away fast Friday. We are all shocked by the news.
a. got married
b. divorced
c. died
d. were on business
35. Williams is working ______an export company. He intends to apply ____another job because he is not satisfied ____ the salary.
a. in / on / at
b. for / for / with
c. at / out / into
d. from/ on/ for
36. Is Miss Wilson very fond _______ French food? – No, she is not used _______ having French food.
a. over / with
b. of / to
c. off / for
d. in / about
37. Look _______! The tree is going to fall.
a. over
b. off
c. in
d. out
38. I think we maybe run _______ natural resources some day.
a. in to
b. up to
c. out of
d. away from
39. _______ whom do these English books belong?
a. From
b. To
c. For
d. With
40. Thanks __the inventions __labor-saving devices, women have more free time to take part __social work.
a. through / over / for
b. on / from / with
c. forward / for / from
d. to / of / in
41. She looked _______ to see who was going _______ her.
a. round / after
b. up / off
c. at / to
d. for / with
42. She is a friendly girl who gets _______ everyone she meets.
a. out of
b. on with
c. away from
d. into
43. I had my sister take care _____ my children while I was _____ business.
a. with / for
b. in / away
c. for / in
d. of / on
44. He took a lot of interest _______ our work and he promised to help us _______ any troubles.
a. in / with
b. for / on
c. about / at
d. for / from
45. Are you very familiar _______ that new device?
a. upon
b. over
c. with
d. for
46. According _______ the US Census Bureau the world’s population will reach 7.6 billion people by 2020.
a. to
b. in
c. for
d. through
47. Mary is ____ independent woman with ____ wise and ____ enthusiasm.
a. an / Ø / Ø
b. a / the / the
c. the / a / an
d. Ø / a / the
48. One of _______ students said, “_______ professor is late today.”
a. the / A
b. the / The
c. Ø / A
d. a / Ø
49. Peter, likes to play ______ volleyball, but he is not _______ good player.
a. the /
b. Ø / a
c. the / the
d. a / the
50. My daughter is learning to play _______ violin at _______ school.
a. the / a
b. a/ the
c. the / Ø
d. Ø / the
Ex 7. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentences below
1.I would like to live by _____ sea.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
2. Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at _____ sea.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. Ø
3. There are billions of stars in _____ space
A. a
B. an
C. Ø
D. the
4. He tried to park his car but ____ space wasn’t big enough.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
5. We often watch _____
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
6. Can you turn off _____ television, please?
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
7. We had_____ dinner in a restaurant.
A. a
B. an
C. Ø
D. the
8. We had _____ meal in a restaurant.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. Ø
9. Thank you. That was _____ very nice lunch.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. Ø
10. Where can_____ people buy everything they need?
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
11. Her parents are now working in ______ Europe.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
12. He majors in _____
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. Ø
13. Mark Twain, _____ American writer, wrote “Life on the Mississippi River.”
A. an
B. a
C. the
D. Ø
14. Paris is splendid by_____ night.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. Ø
15. We might be able to catch _____ last train if we hurried.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. Ø
16. _____ used razor blade is _____ useless thing.
A. The/ the
B. A/ a
C. An/ an
D. Ø/ Ø
17. We live at _____ third house from the church.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
18. My aunt has _____ interesting novel.
A. the
B. an
C. a
D. Ø
19. It was _____ best film I had ever read.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
20. A video lab is _____ useful means for language learning.
A. the
B. an
C. a
D. Ø
21. Mrs. Lan went to _____ school to meet her son’s teacher.
A. Ø
B. a
C. an
D. the
22. The workmen went to ____ church to repair the roof.
A. Ø
B. the
C. a
D. an
23. Carol went to _____ prison to meet her brother.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
24. This morning I bought a newspaper and a magazine. _____ newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where ___ magazine.
A. A/a
B. A/ the
C. The/ the
D. The/ a
25. My parents have ____ cat and _____ dog. The dog never bites the cat.
A. a/ a
B. a/ the
C. the/ the
D. the/ a
26. We live in ______ big house in ____ middle of the village.
A. a/ a
B. a/ the
C. the/ the
D. the/ a
27. I never listen to _____ radio. In fact I haven’t got ____ radio.
A. a/ a
B. a/ the
C. the/ the
D. the/ a
28. It was a beautiful day, __ sun shone brightly in ___ sky.
A. a/ a
B. a/ the
C. the/ the
D. the/ a
29. There is _______ new English book on the desk.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. Ø
30. Life is not so easy for _____ unemployed.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
31. Manny people were killed in the accident. The bodies of _____ dead were taken away.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
32. My friends like to be _______ astronaut.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. Ø
33. I didn’t have much success in finding _____ job.
A. the
B. an
C. Ø
D. a
34. Is that ____ present Bill gave you at Christmas?
A. Ø
B. the
C. a
D. an
VIII. Complete each of the sentences below with suitable articles a/ an/ the or no article needed (Ø)
1.Salem doesn’t like _________ talkative people.
2. It’s true that _________ rich lead a different life from the poor.
3. Mary lives in _________ Canada near Lake Ontario.
4. The explorer crossed _________ Pacific Ocean in a canoe.
5. She has been playing _________ piano for ten years.
6. For breakfast we usually have _________ coffee and toast.
7. I like _________ blue T-shirt over there than _________ red one.
8 Barbara hopes to go to _________ university next year.
9. Carol’s father works as _________ electrician.
10. Sarah thinks _________ life is more difficult in a foreign country.
11. The judge sentenced the thief to six months in _________ prison.
12. Ben has _________ terrible headache.
13. A volcano has erupted in _________ Philippines recently.
14. _________ examinations always make him nervous.
15. We went to _________ cinema twice a month.
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1:
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D
Exercise 2:
| 1. C | 2. A | 3. D | 4. A | 5. A | 6. A |
| 7. B | 8. B | 9. A | 10. B | 11. B | 12. C |
| 13. A | 14. C | 15. D | 16. C | 17. A | 18. B |
| 19. A | 20. C | 21. C | 22. B |
Exercise 3:
| 1. C | 2. B | 3. D | 4. A | 5. B |
Exercise 4:
| 1. C | 2. D | 3. D | 4. B | 5. B |
| 6. B | 7. D | 8. D | 9. A | 10. B |
Exercise 5:
| 1B | 2A | 3D | 4C | 5B |
| 6B | 7B | 8D | 9D | 10D |
| 11B | 12A | 13C | 14D |
Answer:
| 1. B 2. C 3. d 4. a 5. c | 6. b 7. A 8. D 9. d 10. b | 11. b 12. c 13. A 14. d 15. c | 16. d 17. b 18. d 19. A 20. b | 21. d 22. c 23. c 24. b 25. a | 26. a 27. A 28. A 29. b 30. d | 31. b 32. d 33.b 34. c 35. b | 36. b 37. d 38.c 39. b 40. d | 41. a 42. D 43. C 44. C 45. B | 46. C 47. C 48. A 49. A 50. B |
VII.
| 1.A | 2. D | 3.C | 4. A | 5. D | 6. A | 7. C | 8. C | 9. A | 10. D |
| 11.D | 12. D | 13.A | 14. D | 15. C | 16. A | 17. A | 18. B | 19. A | 20. A |
| 21.D | 22. B | 23.A | 24. C | 25. A | 26. B | 27. D | 28. C | 29. A | 30. A |
| 31.A | 32. C | 33.D | 34. B | 35. C |
VIII
1. Ø
2. the
3. Ø
4. the
5. the
6. Ø
7. the / the
8. Ø
9. an
10. Ø
11. Ø
12. a
13. the
14. Ø
15. the
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