Unit 8. THE WORLD OF WORK
PHẦN A: HỆ THỐNG LÝ THUYẾT
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
• academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/(a): học thuật, giỏi các môn học thuật
• administrator /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)/ (n): nhân viên hành chính
• align /əˈlaɪn/ (v): tuân theo, phù hợp
• applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ (n): người nộp đơn xin việc
• apply /əˈplaɪ/ (v): nộp đơn, đệ trình
• apprentice /əˈprentɪs/ (n): thực tập sinh, người học việc
• approachable /əˈprəʊtʃəbl/ (a): dễ gần, dễ tiếp cận
• articulate /ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪt/ (a): hoạt ngôn, nói năng lưu loát
• barista /bəˈriːstə/ (n): nhân viên làm việc trong quán cà phê
• candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ (n): ứng viên đã qua vòng sơ tuyển
• cluttered /ˈklʌtəd/ (a): lộn xộn, trông rối mắt
• compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/ (a): thông cảm, cảm thông
• colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ (n): đồng nghiệp
• covering letter /ˌkʌvərɪŋ ˈletə(r)/: thư xin việc
• dealership /ˈdiːləʃɪp/ (n): doanh nghiệp, kinh doanh
• demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ (v): thể hiện
• entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ (n): nhà doanh nghiệp, người khởi nghiệp
• potential/pəˈtenʃl/ (a): tiềm năng
• prioritise /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v): sắp xếp công việc hợp lý, ưu tiên việc quan trọng trước
• probation /prəˈbeɪʃn/ (n): sự thử việc, thời gian thử việc
• qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): trình độ chuyên môn bằng cấp
• recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ (v): tuyển dụng
• relevant /ˈreləvənt/ (a): thích hợp, phù hợp
• shortlist /ˈʃɔːtlɪst/ (v): sơ tuyển
• specialise /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ (v): chuyên về lĩnh vực nào đó
• tailor /ˈteɪlə(r)/ (v): điều chỉnh cho phù hợp
• trailer /ˈtreɪlə(r)/ (n): xe móc, xe kéo
• tuition /tjuˈɪʃn/ (n): học phí
• unique /juˈniːk/ (a): đặc biệt, khác biệt, độc nhất
• well-spoken /ˌwel ˈspəʊkən/ (a): nói hay, nói với lời lẽ trau chuốt
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. BASIC REPORTED SPEECH.
1. Statement: Câu kể
Form: S + said told sb + that + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "I will come back tomorrow" Marry said.
→ Marry said she would come back the next day.
Note: said →said that
said to sb → told sb that
2. Command: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị
Form: S + asked/told + sb + (not) + to V
Ex: "Don't talk in class" The teacher said to us.
→ The teacher told us not to talk in class.
3. Yes/No Questions.
Form: S + asked + (sb) + if/whether + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "Can you speak English, Diep?" I asked.
→ I asked Diep if she could speak English.
4. Wh-Question.
Form: S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "Where are you from?" He asked me.
→ He asked me where I were from.
5. Không lùi thì:
Form: S + V(hiện tại) + (sb) + Mệnh đề không lùi thì
Ex: "I'm very exhausted now" she says.
→ She says she is very exhausted now.
* BẢNG LÙI THÌ
| DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
| Simple present | Simple past |
| Present continuous | Past continuous |
| Present perfect | Past perfect |
| Simple past | Past perfect |
| Past continuous | Past perfect continuous |
| Future (will/shall) | Future in the past (would/ should) |
| Near future (be going to V) | Was/were going to V |
| Can May Must Needn't | Could Might Had to Didn't have to |
* BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ
| DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| here | there |
| now | then |
| ago | before (earlier) |
| today | that day |
| tonight | that night |
| tomorrow | the next day the following day the day after |
| yesterday | the previous day the day before |
| next + N | the following + N the N + after |
| last + N | the previous + N the N + before |
PART B: PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. bank B. travel C. delay D. magnificent
2. A. certificate B. demonstrate C. compassionate D. attendant
3. A. lag B. safari C. package D. stalagmite
4. A. align B. recognise C. unique D. specialise
5. A. approachable B. charity C. chef D. chopsticks
II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
1. A. safari B. sightseeing C. mountain D. breathtaking
2. A. covering B. applicant C. encourage D. dealership
3. A. discover B. addition C. fantastic D. habitat
4. A. afford B. traveller C. wildlife D. passport
5. A. resort B. expedition C. environment D. affordable
6. A. shortlist B. unique C. colleague D. cluttered
7. A. magnificence B. geography C. satisfaction D. accommodate
8. A. original B. geography C. imperial D. stimulating
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. He said "I have already read this book".
He said that he had already read that book.
2. Join said to his sister "I want to buy a gift for our mother".
Join told his sister that he wanted to buy a gift for their mother.
3. Mrs. Brown said "Where are they living?"
Mrs. Brown asked where they were living.
4. "Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said.
Tom asked me if I knew the girl over there.
5. Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?"
Mother told Nam to go to bed.
6. "May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor.
My neighbor asked me to use my telephone.
7. The manager said "Come into my office, please."
The manager asked to come into his office.
8. "Do not get off the bus while it's going." said the driver.
The driver asked us not to get off the bus while it was going.
9. She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!".
She told the little boy to take a look at himself in the mirror.
10. "Don't put your elbow on the table!" he said.
He asked me not to put my bellow on the table.
II. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word from the box.
competed requirements application employees experience
tendency interviewer advance emotion qualified
1. ____ employees ____ who worked hard and were loyal got good pay and job security in return.
2. Soft skills may be essential to jobs that require _____ experience ____.
3. In the past, employees _____ competed _____ for jobs only with local job seekers.
4. Most companies have clear ____ requirements _____ for every position.
5. Interviews can choose the best candidate based on the _____ application ______ form.
6. The employers partly rely on their _____ emotion _____ in employing people.
7. The most _____ qualified _____ or experienced applicant will be chosen first.
8. Companies have a _____ tendency _____ to overstate the requirements for the position.
9. All applicants can take part in the interview so that the ____ interviewer _____ can choose the best.
10. From the employment ad, applicants can know all the requirements from the company so that they can prepare the answers in _____ advance ____.
III. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition.
1. Employers will have a ___thorough____ review of your resume and covering letter before deciding if you are a good enough choice for a job.
2. The explosion of data in social networks, and recruiting networks has created a new world of employee data ____outside___ the enterprise.
3. As a flight attendant you should be intellectual because you may serve or have conversations ___with__ presidents, superstars, or successful entrepreneurs.
4. List the highest priority phrases at the beginning _____of____ your qualification descriptions to get the most attention.
5. Soft skills have the greatest impact _____on_____ an employer's perception of a potential employee.
6. Your CV lets you demonstrate your particular training and education or particular qualities that would be beneficial ____for_____ your future job.
7. You should review your academic history _____to______ determine how you can show evidence of your qualifications.
8. It's also important to focus _____on_____ your most relevant skills and strengths when interviewing.
9. Some positions will require applicants _____to_____ have a certain level of education.
10. Your job requires occasional meetings with colleagues to have a certain level _____of___ education.
IV. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences.
1. Flight ____attendants______ need good vision and hearing. ATTEND
2. First things first, you must love ____aviation______ and flying. AVIATE
3. Now layoffs are more common, so part-time _____positions_____ are more common. POSITION
4. More _____workers______ can live away from their work. WORK
5. ____employers____ did not trust those who change jobs every few years. EMPLOY
6. Sympathy is a (an) _____irrelevance______ here - we need practical help. RELEVANT
7. The singer worked hard on the clear _____articulation____ of every note. ARTICULATE
8. The traditional style of work is working from nine-to-five, and ____aligning___ with only one company. ALIGN
9. When you decide to apply for a job, you should start work on your resume and ___covering___ letter. COVER
10. The tips for how to ___tailor___ your resume for jobs will help you make a perfect match. TAILORING
V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. The number of people on unemployment benefits has dropped over the last two months.
A. having benefits of being unemployed
B. receiving unemployment compensation
C. making use of being unemployed
D. sending money to the government to support the unemployed
2. My mother has put money aside for her old age since she started to work in the factory.
A. laid aside B. taken aside C. spent all D. lent me all
3. Our new boss is trying to ensure the well-being of his employees.
A. earnings
B. compensation (money paid by the government to those who are unemployed)
C. savings
D. welfare (general heath, happiness and safety)
4. In view of the global financial crisis, Tom and his brother has been laid off, so they are on the dole.
A. selling goods on pavements B. receiving a lot of attention
C. living on their parents' support D. living on unemployment benefits
5. Two employees have been sacked and 120 others face dismissal for joining earlier protests.
A. recruitment B. redundancy C. employment D. application
6. Frank, 41, applied for the post when the parish council advertised two vacancies.
A. occupied positions B. job opportunities
C. unavailable positions D. accommodated room
7. Members tried their hands at the techniques to gain hands-on experience.
A. relevant B. prior C. practical D. considerable
8. Sara brought in a lot of business last month; she would ask for a pay rise while she's still on a roll.
A. unsuccessful B. on the up and up C. inefficient D. unqualified
9. The Wilsons have found it terribly hard to make ends meet ever since they both lost their jobs.
A. barely have enough to live on B. give up gatherings
C. able to manage D. buying and selling goods
10. There were some very strong candidates for the job but none of them met my expectations.
A. surpassed B. overcame C. fulfilled D. underestimated
11. She got the job in the teeth of considerable competition.
A. regardless of B. as regards C. in respect to D. owing to
12. She clearly joined the firm with a view to improving herself professionally.
A. with no regard to B. irrespective of C. in spite of D. with the intention of
13. She has two degrees but she has only found a part-time, temporary job.
A. permanent B. long-run C. stable D. short-term
VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. My partner was made redundant last November and hasn't secured further employment as yet.
A. fired B. sacked C. laid off D. appointed
2. With unemployment at a record level, retraining programmes would pay off in the long run.
A. lastingly B. temporarily C. stably D. durably
3. Sheila had butterflies in her stomach before the interview.
A. seemed to be easy in her mind B. in a tizzy
C. on pins and needles D. under pressure
4. They sacked the head of marketing because he was extremely inefficient.
A. competent B. unqualified C. disorganized D. unskilled
5. I find myself at odds with most of my colleagues on what is the best way forward.
A. in conflict with B. in disagreement with C. on the outs with D. on good terms with
6. Most people would grab at the chance of working for that company.
A. jump at B. seize C. neglect D. take
7. I believe Mr. Brown is the most suitable candidate for the job as he has all the necessary qualifications.
A. acceptable B. inappropriate C. tailor-made D. proper
8. The daughter of a blue-collar factory worker, Anne grew up on a council estate in Bracknell.
A. physical B. manual C. laboring D. mental
9. Previously financial matters were dealt with by qualified accountants, financial advisers.
A. professional B. experienced C. incompetent D. skilled
10. This scholarship is being established in her name as a permanent reminder of her work.
A. long-run B. ever-lasting C. stable D. temporary
VII. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.
1. The mother told her son ____ so impolitely.
A. not behaving B. not to behave C. did not behave D. not behave
2. She said she ____ collect it for me after work.
A. would B. did C. will D. had
3. He asked me where I ____.
A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied
4. Almost half of the ____ are perfectly suitable for the vacancy.
A. employees B. competitors C. candidates D. applications
5. Networking tools like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Glassdoor enable people to easily ____ the market for new job opportunities.
A. test B. monitor C. find D. consider
6. The man wanted to avoid ____ on security cameras.
A. to see B. being seen C. seeing D. to be seen
7. Peter said that he had lived in London four years ____.
A. then B. ago C. before D. later
8. John asked me ____ in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
9. There has been an increase in job ____, which is when two people agree to divide a full-time job into part-time jobs.
A. dividing B. separating C. cutting D. sharing
10. You should ____ your resume and covering letter so they are as close a match as possible to the job.
A. alter B. change C. direct D. tailor
11. The host asked her ____ tea or coffee.
A. whether she liked B. that she liked C. if she likes D. whether she like
12. My friend asked me who ____ the piano in the sitting room.
A. was playing B. plays C. is playing D. has played
13. The teacher told his students ____ laughing.
A. would stop B. to stop C. stop D. stopped
14. Mary asked me ____.
A. whether I would watch the football match on TV the day before.
B. whether I watched the football match on TV the day before.
C. If I had watch the football match on TV the day before.
D. whether I had watched the football match on TV the day before.
15. He asked ____ him some money.
A. her to lend B. her lending C. she has lent D. she lends
16. Jennifer asked me where ____ the week before.
A. had I gone B. did I go C. I had gone D. was I going
17. Tom asked me ____.
A. if was I having a good time last year
B. whether I had had a good time the year before
C. if would I have a good time the year before
D. whether I have had a good time the year before
18. Do you know where ____?
A. he lives B. did he live C. does he live D. he live
19. ____ receive an average of 60 applicants for every advertisement for a low- skilled job, and 20 for every skilled job.
A. Employment B. Employees C. Employers D. The employed
20. Most job interviews today ____ more than just a casual conversation with the hiring manager to see if someone is qualified for the job.
A. indicate B. include C. contain D. involve
C. READING
I. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.
qualifications employment sense relevant reference
detail convincing potential evidence include
PRESENTING YOUR QUALIFICATIONS
Take a close look at the ideal candidate required from the job advertisement. Ask yourself this question, "What (1) ___ qualifications ___ is this (2) _____ potential ___ employer looking for?"
There are some qualifications, like a university degree, for example, that are regarded as relevant information in most circumstances. Then there are other qualifications, such as a first-aid course, may be seen as useful and even (3) ____ relevant ____ for some jobs, but would look odd being listed for others as it is not relevant to the position.
Your number of years you have been working will also help you decide what to (4) ___ include ___ and what to leave out. Individuals who are still in their first five years of work should note that their educational background is very important and should be listed in reasonable (5) ____ detail ___. For this with more than five years of (6) ___ employment __ employment experience, you should be a bit more selective about what you use. The reason is because some qualifications become outdated quickly. For example, would it make
(7) ___ sense ____ to claim to be a computer expert on the basis of a computing degree obtained 15 years ago? You will not look very (8) ___ convincing ____. In this instance, the (9) ___ evidence ____ you provide about recent work in the field will count for a lot more
Be clear, concise and always use the job ad as (10) ___ reference ___ to make sure your information is relevant.
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank spare in the following passage.
Most people need some preparation before they are (1) ____ for the workforce, and planning should begin long before it is time to start a career.
Many high school students don't yet know what they want to do. High school is a great time to start thinking about careers. Setting on just one (2) ____ in high school isn't necessary, but they should know how to explore careers and put time into investigating them and learning about their skills and interests.
Understanding what you enjoy and what you are good at is the first step in (3) ____ careers. It is important to think about what you like to do because work will eventually be a big part of the life. Once you have thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next step is to look for careers that put those interests to use. If you love sports, for example, you might (4) ____ a career as a gym teacher, or a coach.
Another approach to identifying potential career interests is to consider local employers and the types of jobs they have. There are many jobs in manufacturing and healthcare near the high school. Talking directly to workers can help you get (5) ____ about what they do. If you don't know workers in occupations (6) ____ interest you, ask people such as parents, friends, or teachers for their (7) ____.
If job (8) ____ gives you a taste of what an occupation is like, imagine how helpful getting experience could be. Students can begin getting career-related experiences in high school through internships, employment, and other activities. Completing an internship is an excellent (9) ____ get experience. Internships are temporary, supervised (10) ____ designed to give students practical job training.
1. A. near B. ready C. secretive D. similar
2. A. present B. pastime C. employment D. occupation
3. A. explore B. explored C. exploring D. explores
4. A. consider B. contain C. exclude D. prevent
5. A fact B. information C. detail D. piece
6. A. that B. how C. why D. when
7. A. ability B. practice C. contacts D. judgement
8. A. writing B. shadowing C. believing D. persuading
9. A. notice about B. access to C. count for D. way to
10. A. reference B. assignments C. evidence D. stock
III. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.
1. Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs.
2. Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers.
3. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought.
4. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.
5. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to balance their own abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities.
6. When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer.
7. There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination, the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them.
1. In the paragraph 2, "them" refers to ____.
A. abilities. B. three stages C. careers organizations. D. available vacancies
2. According to paragraph 4, graduates should ____.
A. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job.
B. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want.
C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons.
D. find a good position and then compare it with other careers.
3. In paragraph 5, "in more depth" could best be replaced by ____.
A. more honestly B. more carefully C. using more word D. in greater detail
4. The word "prospective" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. future B. generous C. reasonable D. ambitious
5. In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that ____.
A. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand.
B. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer.
C. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers.
D. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer.
6. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the paragraph 7?
A. Determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career.
B. Graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career.
C. People with the right qualities should always be able to find a good career.
D. The secret of a successful interview is that interviewers have to possess skills, determination or ability.
7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to recruit graduates.
B. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong.
C. Job seekers should consider as many as possible of the factors involved.
D. Graduates sometimes have to take part in competitions to secure a good career.
8. In paragraph 1, “those days are gone, even in Hong Kong", suggests that ____.
A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere.
B. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries.
C. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career.
D. even in Hong Kong companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates.
IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.
Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees' homes and offices. For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence. If the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers. A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8.7 million telecommuters. But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published "The Portable Executive" as its cover story a few years ago. Why hasn't telecommuting become more popular?
Clearly, change simply takes time. But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many managers. These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or at least systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager's responsibilities.
It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting. Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office.
1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
A. An overview of telecommuting B. The failure of telecommuting
C. The advantages of telecommuting D. A definition of telecommuting
2. How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?
A. More than predicted in Business Week B. More than 8 million
C. Fewer than last year D. Fewer than estimated in USA Today
3. The phase “of no consequence” means ____.
A. of no use B. irrelevant C. of no good D. unimportant
4. The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting EXCEPT ____.
A. the opportunities for advancement B. the different system of supervision
C. the lack of interaction with a group D. the work place is in the home
5. The word “them” in the second paragraph relent to ____.
A. telecommuter B. systems C. executives D. responsibilities
6. The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees ____.
A. need regular interaction with their families.
B. are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office.
C. feel that a work area in their home is away from the office.
D. are ignorant of telecommuting.
7. The word “reluctant” in paragrap 3 can best be replaced by ____.
A. opposite B. willing C. hesitant D. typical
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. He said “They went away yesterday.”
He said that they had gone away the previous day.
2. “I have lived here for ten years” said Tom.
Tom said that he had lived there for ten years.
3. The manager said to his assistant “I’m going to Paris next week.”
The manager told his assistant that he was going to Paris the following week.
4. My friend said “I haven't done my homework.”
My friend said that she hadn’t done her homework.
5. "It won't rain this evening." said my mother.
Mother said that it wouldn’t rain that evening.
6. Mr. Clack said, “Why are you so sad, Join?”
Mr. Clack asked John why he was so sad.
7. “Is it time to go?” she wondered.
She wondered if it was time to go.
8. They said to me “Do you sleep in the afternoon?”
They asked me if I slept in the afternoon.
9. "Why didn't you come here last Sunday?" asked Mary.
Mary asked why I hadn’t come there the previous Sunday.
10. The traveler said "How long does it take to get to Hanoi by plane?"
The traveler asked how long it took to get to Hanoi by plane.
II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. "Stay here and wait until I come back." said her mother.
Her mother told her to stay there and wait until she came back.
2. Lan was both a brilliant student and a real beauty in my class.
Lan was not only a brilliant student but also a real beauty in my class.
3. You won't find a girl better for you than her anywhere in the world.
Nowhere in the world will you find a girl better for you than her.
4. Jenny shouldn't have gone to the gym leaving her small child alone at home like that.
It was wrong of Jenny to go to the gym leaving her small child alone at home like that.
5. "My sister's always singing out of tune." said Minne to her bestie.
Minne complained to her bestie about her sister singing out of tune.
6. There isn't a grain of salt left, we can't cook her favourite dish.
We're completely out of salt, so can’t cook her favourite dish.
7. The tuition fee is the thing I'm worried about most of all.
There isn’t anything that/ which I’m worried about more than tuition fee.
8. Thanks to her organizing skills, we could pull off the opening event.
Had not been for her organizing skills, we couldn’t have pulled off the opening event.
III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. "Don't forget to buy some bread on the way home, sister." said Lan.
Lan reminded her sister to buy some bread on the way home.
2. "Do you fancy going for a walk around Hoan Kiem Lake tonight?" Jenny asked.
Jenny suggested going for a walk around Hoan Kiem Lake that night.
3. Due to the warm and pleasant weather, we could go picnic at the local park.
As the weather was warm and pleasant, we could go picnic at the local park.
4. You need to have your little room decorated, it's too boring.
Your little room needs decorating, it's too boring.
5. You must either hand in your test paper right now or get zero for your cheating.
If you don’t hand in your test paper right now, get zero for your cheating.
6. When I was young, I would follow my father into the woods to collect straws for the little cows.
I used to follow my father into the woods to collect straws for the little cows when I was young.
7. You must give up smoking now before it's too late.
You had better give up smoking now before it's too late.
8. In spite of her handicap, she could draw many beautiful portraits.
Although she was handicapped, she could draw many beautiful portraits.
PART 3: TEST YOURSELF
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. decision B. erode C. checkout D. exotic
2. A. task B. customer C. specialise D. barista
3. A. resort B. season C. excursion D. reasonable
4. A. applicant B. relevant C. apprentice D. align
5. A. relevant B. recruit C. academic D. potential
II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
1. A. explore B. destination C. magnificence D. accessible
2. A. prioritise B. energetic C. communicate D. responsible
3. A. stimulate B. organize C. efficient D. terminal
4. A. excursion B. delicious C. stalagmite D. holiday
5. A. apprenticeship B. compassionate C. entrepreneur D. articulate
6. A. affect B. machine C. challenge D. promote
III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.
1. She asked me ____ the seat ____ or not.
A. If / had occupied B. Whether / was occupied
C. If / has been occupied D. Whether / occupied
2. The policeman asked us ____.
A. had any of us seen the accident happen
B. If had any of us seen the accident happen
C. Whether any of us had seen the accident happen
D. that if any of us had seen the accident happen
3. It is important that applicants put modesty aside and show ____ in their CV.
A. self-confidence B. self-control C. self-determination D. self-discipline
4. Increasingly recruiters are looking for graduates who are ready for the global ____ and an international career.
A. workforce B. workroom C. workstation D. workshop
5. I asked him ____, but he said nothing.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter
C. the matter was what D. what's the matter was
6. James ____ him up when the bus reached the square.
A. told me wake B. asked me to wake C. said me to wake D. requested me waking
7. Excuse me. Could you tell me ____?
A. what time is it B. what is the time C. what time it is D. it is what time
8. We wonder ____ from his office after that scandal.
A. why did he not resign B. why he did not resign
C. why he not resign D. why didn't he resign
9. Fixed term employment also known as contract work is used for single projects or to replace workers on ____.
A. permission B. leave C. goodbye D. absence
10. Employers will often take on students for a ____ but you can also apply for as internship after you graduate.
A. leap year B. gap year C. light year D. calendar year
11. Jeff wanted to know ____.
A. that why were his friends laughing B. why were his friends laughing
C. why his friends were laughing D. the reason why his friends laughing
12. Mr. Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the ____ day.
A. previous B. following C. before D. last
13. She ____ him whether he liked the steak she cooked.
A. asks B. wondered C. wanted to know D. asked
14. Over the past decade, there has been a significant ____ in full time work in Australia from 89% to approximately two-thirds of the workforce.
A. increase B. reduce C. redundancy D. decline
15. A CV is a concise document which summarizes your past existing professional skills, proficiency and ____.
A. qualifications B. experiences C. reputation D. feelings
16. His neighbors sometimes wondered ____ he did for a living.
A. why B. when C. where D. what
17. Could you please tell me ____?
A. It is how far to the nearest bus stop B. how far is it to the nearest bus stop
C. how far to the nearest bus stop is it D. how far it is to the nearest bus stop
18. Marigold wondered ____ Kevin and Ruth would be at the party.
A. that B. whether C. if D. B & C
19. He asked me ____.
A. how long I have studied English B. how long had I studied English
C. how long I had study English D. how long I had studied English
20. The purpose of a CV is to ____ that you have the necessary skills to do the job for which you are applying.
A. determine B. express C. demonstrate D. define
21. If your CV is always ____ then you can quite easily fill in those online applications because you have got all that information to hand.
A. out-of-date B. up-to-date C. up-and-down D. up-and-coming
22. The passenger asked ____ we landed.
A. what B. when C. if D. why
23. She asked Nam what ____ in that room.
A. he is doing B. he was doing C. was he doing D. she was doing
24. "I didn't take your calculator", Bob said to Mary.
A. Bob told Mary he hadn't taken her calculator.
B. Bob told Mary I didn't take your calculator.
C. Bob told Mary he haven't taken her calculator.
D. Bob told Mary he had taken her calculator.
25. "I didn't break your watch".
A. The boy told the girl he hadn't broken her watch.
B. The boy told the girl he didn't break her watch.
C. The boy asked the girl he hadn't broken her watch.
D. The boy told the girl he hadn't broken your watch.
IV. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word from the box.
important procedures airlines training career
applicants cluttered recruiter expectations attitudes
1. Today, more jobs call for a degree or ____ training ___ past high school.
2. Now, workers create their own ____ career _____ paths with one or many employers.
3. Firstly, this is ____ important ____ to get along well with your crew, because you will be spending a lot of time with those people.
4. Their duties include advising passengers on proper emergency ___ procedures ____, and conveying the information in a clear manner.
5. Some _____ airlines _____ offer to work for a month and then you have some time off.
6. Flight attendants need to be attentive, not just to satisfy passenger ___ expectations ____, but to notice when something is not quite right, either with a passenger or a piece of equipment.
7. On the same flight attendants may encounter passengers of all educational levels, cultures and __ attitudes __.
8. Some employers require job _____ applicants ____ to provide references with their job application rather than later on in the hiring process.
9. You must leave plenty of white space on your CV, so it will not appear _____ cluttered ______.
10. A good CV can persuade the ____ recruiter ____ to put you through to the next round.
V. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition.
1. You should prioritize the sentences _____about_____ your qualifications and incorporate the hardest hitting statements into your covering letter.
2. Include the most relevant skills ______in______ your resume and your application form.
3. Whether communicating ____with____ fellow educators, administrators, students or parents, teachers need exceptional communication skills.
4. Kindness and compassion are the major essence _____of__ the character of an effective nurse.
5. Can you sort it _____into______ a shortlist of between seven and ten?
6. A gap year provides an opportunity _____to_______ develop a variety of skills, which could impress potential employers.
7. If sending a CV as a hard copy, ___along_____ with a job application, then it needs to be neat and typed if possible.
8. You should tailor a CV to a specific job because it is vital ____to_____ ensure the script is relevant to each job application, rather than sending the same CV.
9. Probation involves an initial period of employment, usually one to six months, where employers assess whether an employee is capable _____of_____ fulfilling the requirements of a job.
10. Galactic Odyssey Tours offers an exciting opportunity _____for_____ a guide on our new space holidays.
VI. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences.
1. A resume is the doorway to an interview, so you have to present your skills and ____qualifications_____
in a clear and concise manner. QUALIFIED
2. A good teacher always seems to be the one who is ____willing_____ to share what he has learned with colleagues. WILL
3. Being well-organized is a great way to ___demonstrate____ to your coworkers and manager that you are reliable, competent and able to get the job done. DEMONSTRATION
4. He seemed the most ____approachable____ of everyone he'd met. APPROACH
5. Generally, my ____priorities____ in life are first my family, and second my work. PRIORITY
6. ____irrelevance_____ are fixed term employments, usually three to five years, for the purpose of employment training. RELEVANT
7. The supervisor is quite approachable, so don't __hesitate___ to bring up any problems you have. HESITATE
8. You have a lot of different things to do in this job, so it is important to prioritize your tasks to make sure the most ____important_____ things are done first. IMPORTANCE
9. There was only one other customer and several baristas talking ___loudly____ behind the counter. LOUD
10. A __dealership____ is a company that has permission to sell a particular product. DEALER
VII. Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.
1. Mrs. Emmanuelle told to Alice to give her a hand.
A B C D
2. John said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic lights.
A B C D
3. Mary ordered John if he could carry her suitcase, please.
A B C D
4. Johnson Nancy Lee asked me if would I like to have dinner with her.
A B C D
5. Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports or not.
A B C D
6. Ba told to Tuan if he could ride his bicycle to school.
A B C D
7. Phong asked Peter whether he enjoys reading books or not.
A B C D
8. Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see him next Wednesday.
A B C D
9. A tourist asked how far was it from Ho Chi Minh City to Hue.
A B C D
10. He asked Lan how many people there are in her family.
A B C D
VIII. Choose the word in the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
functional candidates flexible employee qualifications
Managers experience potential description perception
Most companies only have a vague idea of what they want in an (1) ____ employee ___. In addition, on paper it's extremely difficult to decipher one job applicant's abilities from another. It is because of these two points that companies usually compile a list of job (2) ___ qualifications ___ and experience requirements that actually overshoot the position's (3) ____ functional ___ needs. The employer's goal is to simply weed out the inexperienced people before they apply, leaving more time to interview the top (4) ____ candidates _____.
However, most of the time all this method does is to scare young, capable talent away.
One essential point you must be aware of is that most job requirements, especially those related to experience, are extremely (5) ____ flexible ____. Requirements listed in an employment ad are usually just a rough sketch of the ideal hard skills specific to a job (6) ____ description ____. Soft skills, on the other hand, are usually loosely mentioned in employment ads. Yet when it comes to a formal interview, soft skills have the greatest impact on an employer's (7) _____ perception ____ of a potential employee.
(8) ____ Managers ____ will hire people they like before they hire the most qualified or experienced applicant. That's the bottom line. Never let the supposed job qualifications or (9) ___ experience ____
requirements stand in your way of applying. If you know you can handle the job, you are probably the employee the employer wants. All you have to do is to make aware of your (10) ____ potential ___.
IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
No matter who we are or where we are from, we only have 24 hours each day to get things done. Some people seem to make the most (1) ____ their time, using it to achieve their goals and dreams. Others feel that life is passing them by and they aren't (2) ____ anything. If you are in the latter group, it is not too late to turn things around. By implementing a few simple hacks, you can start getting better results very quickly.
If you want to become more productive, it pays to learn about the Pareto (3) ____ (which is also known as the 80-20 rule). It states that for most tasks, 80 percent of the results we get come from 20 percent of the work we do. For example, 80 percent of the company sales usually come from 20 percent of customers. Therefore, the trick is to focus your (4) ____ on the key 20 percent of actions that truly matter to greatly improve your results.
In some cases, people may be busy from morning to night but still seem to get nothing done. In this (5) ____, the problem might be that clear goals haven't been set. To fix this, set some time aside to list the things you want to achieve in life. Then, select the top three or four that you want to focus on for the next year. Look at your goals every night before bedtime and ask yourself what are the next (6) ____ to accomplish each day. Then, promise yourself that you will finish these tasks no matter how busy you get. If possible try completing the tasks first thing in the morning so you are (7) ____ of success.
Another common mistake regarding productivity is not considering our (8) ____ levels. If we try to work around the clock, we will eventually get tired and quit. Everyone needs time to sleep, eat, (9) ____
with friends, and unwind from the stress of the day. To make sure you don't burn out, be sure to schedule some time for breaks and fun activities into your (10) ____ every day. Finally, no matter how difficult your goals may seem, remember the old saying that "a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step".
1. A. off B. on C. of D. over
2. A. extinguished B. accomplishing C. distinct D. invalid
3. A. principle B. death C. debt D. despair
4. A. efforts B. rubbish C. essence D. mixture
5. A. container B. origin C. house D. situation
6. A. result B. impression C. actions D. motivation
7. A. assured B. found C. funded D. fixed
8. A. defence B. energy C. preservation D. rescue
9. A. continue B. endure C. prolong D. socialize
10. A. occurs B. pollutes C. schedule D. suffers
X. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.
Simply being bilingual doesn't qualify someone to interpret. Interpreting is not only a mechanical process of converting one sentence in language A into the same sentence in language B. Rather, its a complex art in which thoughts and idioms that have no obvious counterparts from tongue to tongue _ or words that have several meanings must be quickly transformed in such a way that the message is clearly and accurately expressed to the listener.
At one international conference, an American speaker said, "You can't make a silk purse out of a sows ear", which meant nothing to the Spanish audience. The interpretation was, "A monkey in a silk dress is still a monkey" an idiom the Spanish understood and that expressed the same idea.
There are 2 kinds of interpreters, simultaneous and consecutive. The former sitting in a separated booth, usually at a large multilingual conference, speaks to listeners wearing headphones, interpreting what a foreign language speaker says actually a sentence behind. Consecutive interpreters are the ones most international negotiations use. They are employed for smaller meetings without sound booths and headphones. Consecutive interpretation also requires two-person teams. A foreign speaker says his piece while the interpreter, using a special shorthand takes notes and during a pause, tells the client what was said.
1. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To differentiate between simultaneous and consecutive interpreters.
B. To state the qualifications of an interpreter.
C. To point out the importance of an interpreter.
D. To explain the scope of interpreting.
2. What is a difference mentioned between a simultaneous interpreter and a consecutive interpreter?
A. The size of group with whom they work. B. Their proficiency in the language.
C. The type of dictionary they use. D. The money they are paid.
3. The word "converting" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. changing B. concluding C. understanding D. reading
4. The author implies that most people have the opinion that the skill of interpreting is ____.
A. very complex and demanding B. based on principles of business
C. simpler than it really is D. highly valued and admired
5. The phrase "the former" refers to ____.
A. simultaneous interpreters B. the conference
C. consecutive interpreters D. the booth
6. The example "You can't make a silk purse out of a sows ear" is used to ____.
A. point out the difference in attributes of animals in English and Spanish
B. emphasize the need for translation of the meaning of what is said
C. show the differences in language A. and language B
D. stress the importance of word for word translation
7. The word "rather" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. In brief B. on the contrary C. in general D. as a result
8. Which of the following would a consecutive interpreter be used for?
A. An interpretation of a major literary work.
B. A business transaction between 2 foreign speakers.
C. A large meeting of many nations.
D. A translation of a foreign book.
XI. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.
INTERNET JOBS
Contrary to popular belief, one does not have to be a trained programmer to work online. Of course, there are plenty of jobs available for people with high-tech computer skills, but the growth of new media has opened up a wide range of Internet career opportunities requiring only a minimal level of technical expertise. Probably one of the most well-known online job opportunities is the job of Webmaster. However, it is hard to define one basic job description for this position. The qualifications and responsibilities depend on what tasks a particular organization needs a Webmaster to perform.
To specify the job description of a Webmaster, one needs to identify the hardware and software the website the Webmaster will manage is running on. Different types of hardware and software require different skill sets to manage them. Another key factor is whether the website will be running internally or externally (renting shared space on the company servers). Finally, the responsibilities of a webmaster also depend on whether he or she will be working independently, or whether the firm will provide people to help. All of these factors need to be considered before one can create an accurate webmaster job description.
Webmaster is one type of Internet career requiring in-depth knowledge of the latest computer applications. However, there are also online jobs available for which traditional skills remain in high demand. Content jobs require excellent writing skills and a good sense of the web as a "new media'.
The term "new media" is difficult to define because it compasses a constantly growing set of new technologies and skills. Specifically, it includes websites, email internet technology, CD-ROM, DVD, streaming audio and video, interactive multimedia presentations, e-books, digital music, computer illustration, video games, virtual reality, and computer artistry.
Additionally, many of today's Internet careers are becoming paid-by-the-job professions. With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and contracting of freelance workers online has become common business practice. The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers can contract their services. An added benefit to such their own country. online jobs is that freelancers are able to work on projects with companies outside
How much can a person make in these kinds of careers? As with many questions related to today's evolving technology, there is no simple answer. There are many companies willing to pay people with Internet skills salaries well over $70,000 a year. Generally, webmasters start at about $30,000 per year, but salaries can vary greatly. Freelance writers working online have been known to make between $40,000 to $70,000 a year. 1. 1. Which of the followings is true about the job of the freelance writers?
A. They may work with others in the company.
B. It is considered a "content" job.
C. They manage hardware and software.
D. They require in-depth knowledge of applications
2. The word "vary" in paragraph 6 can be best replaced by ____.
A. decrease B. change C. differ D. increase
3. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A. only skilled workers make good money.
B. online workers can work full-time online.
C. it is easy to become a webmaster.
D. workers with limited computer skills cannot work online.
4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE of webmasters?
A. They never work independently.
B. The duties they perform depend on the organization they work for.
C. They require a minimal level of expertise.
D. They do not support software products.
5. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To inform people about the tasks and the roles of a webmaster.
B. To inform people about employment related to the Internet.
C. To inform people about the computer industry.
D. To explain why webmasters make a lot of money.
6. According to the passage, all of the followings are TRUE except ____.
A Webmasters must have knowledge of the latest computer applications.
B. Online workers cannot free themselves from the office.
C. "New media" is not easy to define.
D. There are online jobs available for workers with minimal computer skills.
7. Which of the followings is not mentioned as part of the "new media"?
A. Internet technology B. writing skills C. websites D. video games
8. The word "identify" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. name B. discover C. encounter D. estimate
XII. Choose the best answer.
1. "Eat more fruit and vegetables", the doctor said.
A. The doctor said eat more fruit and vegetables.
B. The doctor said to eat more fruit and vegetables.
C. The doctor said me to eat more fruit and vegetables.
D. The doctor told me eat more fruit and vegetables.
2. "Read the instructions before you switch on the machine", he said to me.
A. He told me to read the instructions before I switched on the machine.
B. He told me read the instructions before I switched on the machine.
C. He told to read the instructions before I switched on the machine.
D. He said to read the instructions before you switched on the machine.
3. "Shut the door but don't lock it", she said to us.
A. She told us to shut the door but don't lock it.
B. She told us to shut the door but not to lock it.
C. She told us shut the door but don't lock it.
D. She told us shut the door but not to lock it.
4. "Can you speak more slowly? I can't understand", he said to me.
A. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn't understand.
B. He asked me to speak more slowly and he couldn't understand.
C. He asked me to speak more slowly but he couldn't understand.
D. He asked me to speak more slowly. He can't understand.
5. "Don't come before 6 o'clock", I said to him.
A. I told him don't come before 6 o'clock. B. I told him to come not before 6 o'clock.
C. I told to him not to come before 6 o'clock. D. I told him not to come before 6 o'clock.
6. "I can see you later", he said.
A. He said he could see me later. B. He said I can see you later.
C. He said I can see you later . D. He said he can see me later.
7. "I shall tell him exactly what I think", she said.
A. She said she should tell him exactly what she thought.
B. She said she would tell him exactly what she thought.
C. She said she shall tell him exactly what she thinks.
D. She said I would tell him exactly what I thought.
8. "Are you willing to travel?" she asked.
A. She asked me am I willing to travel. B. She asked me if I am willing to travel.
C. She asked me was I willing to travel. D. She asked me if I was willing to travel.
9. "You should see a specialist", he told me.
A. He told me I should see a specialist. B. He told me you should see a specialist.
C. He told me I should have seen a specialist. D. He told me to should see a specialist.
10. "I would like a appointment tomorrow", I said to my dentist.
A. I told my dentist that I would like an appointment the next day.
B. I told my dentist that I would like a appointment tomorrow.
C. I told my dentist that I would have liked an appointment the next day.
D. I told my dentist that I would have liked an appointment tomorrow.
11. "You ought to slow down a bit", the doctor told Jim.
A. The doctor told Jim ought to slow down a bit.
B. The doctor told Jim that ought to slow down a bit.
C. The doctor told Jim that he ought to slow down a bit.
D. The doctor told Jim that he slowed down a bit.
12. "I must have slept through the alarm", she said.
A. She said she must have slept through the alarm.
B. She said I must have slept through the alarm.
C. She said she left through the alarm
D. She said she had to have slept through the alarm.
13. "I must have slept through the alarm", she said.
A. She said she must have slept through the alarm.
B. She said I must have slept through the alarm.
C. She said she slept through the alarm.
D. She said she had to have slept through the alarm.
14. "You needn't come in tomorrow", the boss said.
A. The boss said I needn't come in tomorrow.
B. The boss said you needn't come in the next day.
C. The boss said I didn't have to come in tomorrow.
D. The boss said I needn't come in the next day.
15. "If you pass your test, I'll buy you a car", he said.
A. He said that If I pass my test, he'll buy me a car.
B. He said that If you pass your test, he would buy you a car.
C. He said that If I pass my test, he would buy me a car.
D. He said that If I had pass my test, he would have bought me a car.
16. "If you passed you test, I would buy you a car", he said.
A. He said that if I passed my test, he would buy you a car.
B. He said that if you had passed your test, he would have bought you a car.
C. He said that if I had passed my test, he would have bought me a car.
D. He said that if you passed your test, he would buy you a car.
17. "If you'd passed your test, I'd have ought you a car", he said.
A. He said that I'd passed my test, he'd have bought me a car.
B. He said that if I passed my test, he would buy me a car.
C. He said that if you had passed your test, he would have bought you a car.
D. He said that if you had passed your test, he would buy you a car.
18. "What a silly boy you are!" she exclaimed.
A. She told him what a silly boy you are. B. She told him what a silly boy he is.
C. She told him what a silly boy he was. D. She told him what a silly boy you were.
19. The police officer said to us, "Where are you going?"
A. The police officer asked us where we were going?
B. The police officer asked us where were we going?
C. The police officer asked us where are we going?
D. The police officer asked us where we are going?
20. Clair asked, "What time do the banks close?"
A. Claire wanted to know what time the banks close?
B. Claire wanted to know what time do the banks close?
C. Claire wanted to know what time did the banks close?
D. Claire wanted to know what time the banks closed?
Trên đây là một phần trích đoạn nội dung Vocabulary and Grammar Revision for Unit 8 Tiếng Anh 12. Để xem thêm nhiều tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích khác các em chọn chức năng xem online hoặc đăng nhập vào trang Chúng tôi để tải tài liệu về máy tính.
Hy vọng tài liệu này sẽ giúp các em học sinh ôn tập tốt và đạt thành tích cao trong học tập.
Mời các em tham khảo các tài liệu có liên quan:
- Vocabulary and Grammar Revision for Unit 9 Tiếng Anh 12
- Vocabulary and Grammar Revision for Unit 10 Tiếng Anh 12
- 300 bài tập trắc nghiệm kiểm tra Unit 9 và 10 Tiếng Anh 12
Chúc các em học tập tốt!
