UNIT 10. LIFELONG LEARNING
PHẦN A: HỆ THỐNG LÝ THUYẾT
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
• adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ (a): thỏa đáng, phù hợp
• e-learning /ˈiː lɜːnɪŋ/ (n): hình thức học trực tuyến
• employable /ɪmˈplɔɪəbl/ (a): có thể được thuê làm việc
• facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ (v): tạo điều kiện thuận lợi
• flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ (n): tính linh động
• genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/ (n): thiên tài
• hospitality /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/ (n): lòng mến khách
• initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ (n): sáng kiến, tính chủ động trong công việc
• institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ (n): cơ quan, tổ chức
• interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ (n): sự tương tác
• lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ (a): suốt đời
• opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ (n): cơ hội
• overwhelming /ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/ (a): vượt trội
• pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/ (n): sự theo đuổi
• self-directed /sef-dəˈrektɪd/ (a): theo định hướng cá nhân
• self-motivated /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (a): có động lực cá nhân
• temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/ (n): sự lôi cuốn
• ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ (a): sau cùng, quan trọng nhất
• voluntarily /ˈvɒləntrəli/ (adv): một cách tự nguyện
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. CONDITIONALS.
1. Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên.
a. Habit (Thói quen)
If + simple present tense ..., + simple present tense…
Ex: I usually walk to school if I have enough time.
b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh).
If + simple present tense ..., + command form of verb + ...
Ex: - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.
- Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.
2. Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If S + V (simple present), S + will/shall + V ( nguyên thể)
Ex: If I have time, I will go.
3. Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + V.
Ex: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world.
-> If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.
4. Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ)
If + S + had + VPP, S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2
Ex: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early.
-> If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news.
5. Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn
Form 1: Type 3 và Type 2
If + S + had + Vp2, S + would/ could/ might + V.
Ex: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.
-> If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.
Form 2: Type 2 và Type 3
If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2
Ex: If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her.
PHẦN B: PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. metal B. scatter C. package D. math
2. A. self-directed B. compulsory C. pursuit D. choosing
3. A. course B. courtesy C. source D. force
4. A. smell B. press C. melt D. refill
5. A. temptation B. interaction C. hospitality D. adequate
6. A. facilitate B. imitate C. negotiate D. initiative
7. A. those B. clothes C. shopping D. envelope
ĐÁP ÁN 1A 2D 3B 4D 5A 6D 7C
II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others.
1. A. polite B. penfriend C. shorthand D. breakdown
2. A. multimedia B. possibility C. telepathy D. interactive
3. A. opportunity B. enthusiasm C. informality D. independently
4. A. average B. candidate C. severely D. applicant
5. A. insurance B. reference C. consider D. available
ĐÁP ÁN 1A 2C 3B 4C 5B
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. If I (have) ___have_____ time, I will write to him.
2. If it's cold, 1 (need) ____will need_____ a heavier coat.
3. What are you going to do if you (have) ____have______ a holiday?
4. If I can go tomorrow, I (let) ______will let_____ you know.
5. If I should meet Helen, I (give) ____will give_____ her your message.
6. If flowers don't get any water, they (die) ___will die___.
7. If I (get) ____get______ a headache, I usually take some aspirins.
8. I will go to the party unless it (rain) _____rains_____.
9. She will buy the car as long as it (not be) _____isn’t______ too expensive.
10. Everything (be) ____will be_____ better provided you tell the truth.
11. If he (come) _____comes______, please tell him that I'll be back in a few minutes.
12. Don't come if they (not call) ____don’t call_____ you.
13. If you (need) _____need____, why don't you tell me?
14. Suppose you (win) ______won______ a lot of money, what would you do?
15. If I got up earlier, I (not be) ___wouldn’t be____ late for work
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. If I didn't feel so tired, I (go) ____would go_____ out with you.
2. If you (not pass) ____didn’t pass____ the exam, would you take it again?
3. If I (be) _____were______ you, I would apply for the job.
4. I could repair the car if I (have) _____had_____ the right tools.
5. If I (study) ___had studied_____ hard, I would have passed the exam.
6. If I (not be) ____hadn’t been____ busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
7. She (go) ___would have gone___ to the university if she had had the opportunity.
8. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) ____would have taken____ it?
9. If she hadn't been ill yesterday, she (go) ____would go_____ to work now.
10. If I (be) _____were____ you, I wouldn't have told him the truth yesterday.
11. If today were Monday, I (not go) ____wouldn’t have gone____ to work yesterday.
12. What would happen if you (not go) ____didn’t go______ to work tomorrow.
13. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) ____would be_____ very tired now.
14. She must apologize to me or I ___will never speak____ (never speak) to her again.
15. If he hadn't stayed up late, he ___wouldn’t have finished____ (not finish) his task yesterday.
III. Complete the sentences with because / as/ since/ if/ when, or so.
1. We decided to go out to eat _____ because _____ we had no food at home.
2. He has a very important job ______ so ______ he is particularly well-paid.
3. Can I borrow that book _____ when ______ you've finished it?
4. No one was watching the television _______ so ______ I switched it off.
5. _____ because _____ she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her.
6. _____ if _______ you've ready, we can start now.
7. I'm going away for a few days, I'll phone you ______ when ____ I get back.
8. You should inform the police ______ if ______ your bicycle is stolen.
9. Mathew went to bed ______as______ it was too late to go out.
10. ____ when / if______ you drive without driving license, you're breaking the law.
11. ____ because ______ the weather was bad, they delayed their trip.
12. He will buy a new car ______ when ______ he saves up.
IV. Give the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.
1. My dad (not like) ____doesn’t like___ coffee, he never _____drinks______ (drink) it.
2. Ba is short. He wishes he _____were______ (be) taller.
3. This house is empty. It ___hasn’t been lived____ (not live) in for many years.
4. I hate ____getting____ (get) up early in winter.
5. Traditionally, the ao dai ____is worn_____ (wear) by both men and women.
6. This is my house. I _____have lived______ (live) here for 7 years.
7. I'm busy at the moment. I ____am cleaning____ (clean) the floor.
8. Where you ___did you spend____ (spend) your holiday last summer?
9. I ______saw______ (see) Nam while I ____was going_____ (go) to school yesterday.
10. My brother is a teacher. He _____works_____ (work) in a school in the city centre.
V. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences.
1. Get involved outside your job area, in ____social____ committees, health and safety committees. SOCIETY
2. She ____voluntarily_____ did a lot of work for the Red Cross. VOLUNTARY
3. The equipment at the workplace was barely ____adequate____ to the job we had to do. ADEQUATED
4. Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton were great _____scientific_______ geniuses. SCIENT
5. Acquiring education is a lifelong ____process____, not just confined to schools and colleges. PROCESSING
6. Recent research suggests that children born to teenage mothers are more likely to be poor, and to receive inadequate _____healthcare______ and education. HEALTH
7. It is hard to resist the ____temptation_____ to buy a new car, but a used vehicle is much cheaper in the long run. TEMPT
8. The job of ESL teacher is often described as that of a ____facilitator___ of language use by learners in the classroom. FACILY
9. In 1968, 80 percent of ___employable____ women worked outside the home. EMPLOY
10. You shouldn't live merely in _____pursuit_____ of your own happiness. PURSUITING
VI. Each sentence has a mistake find and correct it.
1. How about having dinner and then go to the theater? → going
2. It's possible store solar energy for a number of days. → to store
3. Our environment has become worse but there are many factors causing from men. → because
4. My recent electricity bill is enormous so I'm worried in it. → about
5. She turned on her radio at the lowest in order not to disturb the others at night. → down
6. The path was made by walkers where crossed the mountains some years ago. → who
7. Tan and his lovely cat which the police are finding disappeared last week. → that
8. Let me congratulate you on pass your exam to university. → passing
9. The woman who son is excellent in math lives next door to us. → whose
10. Do you find Jack, that is a new student? → who
VII. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. We all welcome the government's initiative to boost lifelong learning.
A. intention B. initial C. new plan D. prospect
2. His life is a rich source of inspiration for many writers and poets.
A. nuance B. hindrance C. discouragement D. encouragement
3. Lifelong learning can also help amend some of the weaknesses of the education system.
A. correct B. change C. develop D. intensify
4. A good lifelong learner can advance both at work and in life.
A. process B. progress C. precede D. recede
5. If you have the right qualifications and are good at English, you are very likely to get promoted.
A. elevated B. enlightened C. encouraged D. endorsed
6. What is your barrier to lifelong learning?
A. bar B. obstacle C. badge D. motivation
7. I am lucky to have a very supportive supervisor.
A. survivor B. manager C. saver D. protector
8. Upon the project completion, I was transferred to the sales department.
A. moved B. dismissed C. retrained D. translated
9. Our first priority is to offer free education to all people.
A. attention B. help C. concern D. aid
10. It is equal chance for everyone. No one should be given privilege.
A. time B. money C. disadvantage D. advantage
ĐÁP ÁN 1C 2D 3A 4B 5A 6B 7B 8A 9C 10D
VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1 What he can't do is to make attendance compulsory, or threaten that non attendance will delay other qualifications.
A. obligatory B. selective C. required D. mandatory
2. It just gave you a stronger motivation for doing what you already knew was right.
A. discouragement B. emotion C. feeling D. inspiration
3. The plans should remain flexible to accommodate changes in students' needs and circumstances.
A. fixed B. adjustable C. constant D. changeable
4. Having adequate funding is crucial throughout the leaning process.
A. abundant B. enough C. insufficient D. satisfactory
5. If children are inactive most of the time, it is very easy for them to gain weight.
A. put up B. loose C. lose D. put on
6. Those students who fail the National High School exams may want to retake them the following year.
A. pass B. fall C. sit D. take
7. A new school has just been set up for the kids in the area.
A. started B. established C. built D. demolished
8. Thanks to lifelong learning, people's level of awareness has improved significantly.
A. has increased B. has declined C. has gone up D. has bettered
9. The school picnic has been cancelled because of bad weather.
A. called off B. continued C. destroyed D. broken off
10. The teacher asked us to get on with the next exercise and he would be back in a while.
A. finish doing B. start doing C. continue doing D. stop doing
ĐÁP ÁN 1B 2A 3A 4C 5C 6A 7D 8B 9B 10D
IX. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each unfinished sentence below.
1. We should do some thing to protect water from being polluted ____ we will have nothing to drink in the future.
A. if B. whether C. or D. unless
2. Hurry up! They've only got ____ seats left.
A. a few B. a little C. a lot of D. plenty of
3. I hope he doesn't keep us ____.
A. to wait B. waiting C. for waiting D. wait
4. These were the days ____ we were very happy,
A. that B. of which C. about which D. when
5. I turn down the job ____ the attractive salary.
A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
6. The scientists and engineers have become key figures in our modern ____ society.
A. industry B. industrial C. industrialize D. industrialization
7. He asked me ____.
A. since when I waited B. since when I am waiting
C. how long I have been waiting D. how long I had been waiting
8. She remembered the correct address only ____ she had posted the letter.
A. since B. afterward C. following D. after
9. His parents never allowed him ____.
A. smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. some smoke
10. I didn't go to school yesterday ____ I was ill.
A. because B. and C but D. so
11 He will stay at home ____ it rains.
A. or B. however C. if D. but
12. That man lives next door, ____he?
A. does B. doesn't C. don't D. isn't
13. Mary wishes she ____ speak Vietnamese
A. can B. could C. should D. will
14. What is minimum entrance ____ for this course?
A. condition B. requirement C. certificate D. ability
15. The writer could not be at the ceremony, and his wife accepted the prize on his ____.
A. absence B. remembrance C. behalf D. reminder
16. If you had taken my advice, you ____ in such difficulties now.
A. wouldn't be B. won't be C. wouldn't have been D. hadn't been
17. If Jack had tried hard the last season, ____.
A. he would now be in the national team B. he is never in time for the match
C. he will now be in the national team D. he has never been in time for the match
18. One of the most forgotten ____ of education is to teach students how they can learn on their own.
A. directions B. subjects C. objects D. aims
19. When the post finally fell ____. They offered it to Brian.
A. vacant B. vacantly C. vacancy D. vacancies
20. Today's online world is full of opportunities for all of us to ____ our own learning path.
A. discover B. determine C. control D. influence
21. Is English a compulsory subject or a(n) ____ one at high school here?
A. obligatory B. mandatory C. obliging D. optional
22. We ____ won the game if we'd had a few more minutes.
A. had B. could have C. have D. will
23. If Nam hadn't quarreled with the bad boys at school, he ____ a black eye.
A. won't have had B. hadn't had C. would have had D. wouldn't have had
24. As a university student you are expected to take responsibility for your on learning and be ____.
A. self-aware B. self-centered C. self-absorbed D. self-directed
25. If you understand a matter thoroughly, that means you understand it ____.
A. hardly B. hard C. completely D. scarcely
for life; education is life itself," said John Dewey.
26. "Education is not
A. arrangement B. agreement C. preparation D. contribution
27. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ____ it.
A. would never have believed B. don't believe
C. hadn't believed D. can't believe
28. What ____ you do if you saw a UFO?
A. will B. do C. would D. can
29. Nobody came here yesterday, ____?
A. didn't they B. didn't he C. did he D. did they
30. Do you remember the name of the girl ____ we met at the party last night?
A. which B. where C. who D. whom
ĐÁP ÁN 1C 2A 3B 4D 5D 6B 7D 8D 9C 10A 11C 12B 13B 14B 15C 16A 17A 18D 17A 18D 19A 20B 21D 22B 23D 24D 25C 26C 27A 28C 29D 30D
C. READING
I. Choose the best answer to complete the text.
Most people (1) ____ learning with formal education at school, college, university etc. We are all told, from an early age, that we should get a good education'. Generally speaking, it is true that a formal education and the resulting qualifications are important. Education may (2) ____ our potential to find better, more satisfying jobs, earn more and perhaps, become more successful in our chosen career.
However, 'schooling' is only one type of learning. There are many other opportunities to further your (3) ____ and develop the skills you need throughout life. Knowledge can be acquired and skill sets developed anywhere - learning is unavoidable and happens all the (4) ____. However, lifelong learning is about creating and maintaining a positive attitude to learning both for personal and professional development.
Lifelong learners are self-motivated to learn and develop because they want to. (5) ____ learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better opportunities and improve our quality of life. People learn for personal development and for professional (6) ____. There are many reasons why people learn for personal development. You may want to increase your knowledge or (7) ____ around a particular hobby or pastime that you enjoy. Perhaps you want to develop some entirely new skill that will in some way enhance your life – take a pottery (8) ____ car mechanic course for example. Perhaps you want to research a medical condition or your ancestry.
If you do find yourself unemployed, then use the time wisely. Learning something new can pay off with new opportunities which might not otherwise have (9) ____. While you are employed, take advantage of training, coaching or mentoring opportunities and work on your continuous professional development as you will likely (10) ____ better at what you do and more indispensable to your current or future employer.
1. A. allow B. associate C. express D. communicate
2. A. possess B. affect C. limit D. maximise
3. A. knowledge B. height C. ability D. top
4. A. path B. present C. time D. future
5. A. Inclusion B. Combination C. Spirit D. Lifelong
6. A. unemployment B. development C. illnesses D. tiredness
7. A. skills B. partnership C. business D. group
8. A. but B. because C. or D. so
9. A. stretched B. offered C. extended D. arisen
10. A. cause B. become C. support D. save
II. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.
company maintain loneliness level create
involvement decrease explore expand past
Many scientists offer the top benefits of lifelong learning which is to fully engage the brain, heighten physical activity, and (1) ____ maintain ____ healthy social relationships.
First, lifelong learning helps fully develop natural abilities. Once we're no longer working full time, we have the opportunity to fully (2) ____ explore _____ and develop these abilities. There's nothing like listening to or taking part in stimulating discussions to help us see the other side of an issue. That give-and-take opens our minds and brings us to a whole new (3) ____ level _____ of understanding. Next, lifelong learning gives us the benefit of real perspective and enables us to find true meaning in the hills and valleys of our (4) ___ past ___.
Today's retirees and people who are about to retire want and demand more from their later years. They are taking part in educational programmes, traveling all over the world, and offering their expertise to society through meaningful community (5) ____ involvement ___.
No one enjoys (6) ____ loneliness _____, and through lifelong learning, older adults are meeting new people. Lifelong learning is a brilliant way to keep in touch with people, meet new friends, and enjoy life surrounded by the (7) _____ company ___ of folks who are truly embracing the excitement of our later years.
We base everything on the belief that our capacity to learn and grow does not (8) ___ decrease ____ as our years increase. Through academic learning, we (9) ___ expand ____ our awareness, embrace self-fulfillment, and truly (10) ____ create ____ an exciting multi-dimensional life.
III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
Successful students often do the followings while studying. First, they have an overview before reading. Next, they look for important information and pay greater attention to it (which often needs jumping forward or backward to process information). They also relate important points to one another. Also, they activate and use their prior knowledge. When they realize that their understanding is not good, they do not wait to change strategies. Last, they can monitor understanding and take action to correct or "fix up" mistakes in comprehension.
Conversely students with low academic achievement often demonstrate ineffective study skills. They tend to assume a passive role in learning and rely on others (eg, teachers, parents) to monitor their studying, for example, low achieving students often do not monitor their understanding of content they may not be aware of the purpose of studying, and they show little evidence of looking back, or employing "fix-up strategies to fix understanding problems. Students who struggle with learning new information seem to be unaware that they must extent effort beyond simply reading the content to understand and remember it. Children with learning disabilities do not plan and judge the quality of their studying. Their studying may be disorganized. Students with learning problems face challenges with personal organization as well. They often have difficulty keeping track of materials and assignments, following directions, and completing work on time. Unlike good studiers who employ a variety of study skills in a flexible yet purposeful manner, low-achieving students use a restricted range of study skills. They cannot explain why good study strategies are important for learning, and they tend to use the same, often ineffective study approach for all learning tasks, ignoring task content, structure or difficulty.
1. In compared with low-achieving students, successful students use ____.
A. aimless study techniques B. various study skills
C. restricted strategies D. inflexible study ways
2. The underlined pronoun "They" in the last sentence refers to ____.
A. study strategies B. study skills C. low-achieving students D. good studiers
3. The word "prior" in the first paragraph is closest meaning to ____.
A. important B. earlier C. forward D. good
4. Which of the following could best replace the word "Conversely" in paragraph 2?
A. On the contrary B. In contrast C. On the other hand D. all are correct
5. According to the passage, what can be learnt about passive students?
A. They depend on other people to organize their learning.
B. They are slow in their studying.
C. They monitor their understanding.
D. They know the purpose of studying.
6. Which of the followings is NOT an evidence of monitoring studying?
A. Being aware of the purpose of studying B. Monitoring their understanding of content
C. Fixing up mistakes in understanding D. Looking at their backs
7. According to the passage, to learn new information, low-achieving students do NOT ____.
A. just understand it B. relate it to what they have known
C. simply remember it D. read it
8. What is the topic of the passage?
A Successful and low-academic achieving students
B. Successful learners and their learning strategies
C. Study skills for high school students
D. Effective and ineffective ways of learning
IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education in infancy. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subjects being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The best school teach a wide variety of subject.
B. Education and schooling are quite different experiences.
C. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.
D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is.
2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” in paragraph 1?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
C. Summer school makes the school year too long.
D. All of people's life is an education.
3. The word "chance" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. unexpected B. usual C. passive D. lively
4. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers ____.
A. slices of reality B. similar textbooks C. boundaries D. seats
5. The phrase "For example" in paragraph 3, introduces a sentence that gives examples of ____.
A. similar textbooks. B. the results of schooling.
C. the workings of a government. D. the boundaries of the subjects.
6. The passage support which of the following conclusions?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
B. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
D. Education involves many years of professional training.
7. The passage is organized by ____.
A. listing and discussing several educational problems.
B. contrasting the meanings of two related words.
C. narrating a story about excellent teacher.
D. giving examples of different kinds of schools.
8. The writer seem to agree that ____.
A. Schooling is more important than education.
B. Education is not as important as schooling.
C. Schooling is unlimited and more informal.
D. Education is more influential than schooling.
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I don't buy it because I don't have enough money.
If I had enough money, I would buy it.
2. I didn't buy it because I didn't have enough money.
I would have bought it if I had had enough money.
3. There was a test yesterday. I didn't know that, so I didn't study for it.
If I had known there was a test yesterday, I would have studied for it.
4. I'm busy right now, so I can't help you.
I could help you if I weren’t busy right now.
5. He's very thin, that's why he feels the cold so much.
If he weren’t very thin, he wouldn’t feel the cold so much.
6. I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I wouldn’t be hungry now.
7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.
Unless John had played for our football team, we would have lost the game.
8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.
Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t give up my job.
9. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another.
Unless you like this one, I will bring you another.
10. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.
Unless you promise to try harder, I won’t help you.
11. If she doesn't work harder, she'll lose her job.
She'll lose her job unless she works harder.
12. You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully.
Provided you kept my car carefully, you can use it.
13. If the work is finished by lunch, you can go home.
Get the work finished by lunch, you can go home.
14. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.
As long as you keep calm, you will pass your driving test.
15. You must work harder or you won't pass the exam.
You won't pass the exam unless you work harder.
II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. I spent 2 hours trying to learn how to use the washing machine.
It took me 2 hours to try to learn how to use the washing machine.
2. "Come on, give it a try, Hannah!" said her friend.
Hannah's friend encouraged her to give it a try.
3. It was completely wrong of you to leave the children near all those wild animals like that.
You should not have left the children near all those wild animals like that.
4. Although Nancy was short-sighted, she didn't wear glasses at classes.
In spite of her being short- sighted/ her short- sightedness, Nancy didn't wear glasses at classes.
5. The doctor say you'd better cut down on your intake of sugar or you'll end up having diabetes.
It is the doctor's recommendation that you cut down on your intake of sugar or you'll end up having diabetes.
6. "Please have mercy on me, take it easy on my heart." said her ex.
Her ex begged her to have mercy on him and take it easy on his heart.
7. I do some kinds of menial work for a living.
I live on some kinds of menial work.s
8. It is not very likely that they will make it to the end.
There is little likelihood that they will make it to the end.
III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. She is excellent at English so she should be able to talk to our foreign partners. (COMMAND)
She has a good command of English so should be able to talk to our foreign partners.
2. Because it was raining really heavily, we couldn't set off for our trip to the countryside. (OWING)
Owing to the really heavy rain, we couldn't set off for our trip to the countryside.
3. We didn't get on well at first. (TERMS)
We weren’t on speaking terms at first.
4. I'm sorry now that I didn't give her a big hug when I saw her off at the airport. (REGRET)
I regret not giving/ having given her a big hug when I saw her off at the airport.
5. Talking on the phone is quite different from meeting face to face. (LINE)
There is a fine line between talking on the phone and meeting face to face.
6. I've only tried this spicy dish once before. (SECOND)
This is the second time I’ve (ever) tried this spicy dish.
7. Had I followed his advice, I wouldn't be stuck in this mess now. (ONLY)
If only I had followed his advice, I wouldn't be stuck in this mess now.
8. Only after she called out my name did I recognize who she was. (UNTIL)
It was not until she called out my name did I recognize who she was.
PART 3: TEST YOURSELF
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. genius B. e-learning C. email D. employable
2. A. send B. these C. compete D. complete
3. A. choice B. charge C. chase D. chaos
4. A. down B. throw C. nowadays D. how
5. A. facilitate B. education C. voluntary D. motivated
6. A. legal B. level C. league D. leader
7. A. plants B. fields C. trees D. newspapers
II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others.
1. A. battery B. conference C. oversleep D. barrier
2. A. landline B. touchscreen C. cyber D. replace
3. A. visible B. discussion C. digital D. seperate
4. A. adequate B. ultimate C. convenience D. genius
5. A. flexibility B. voluntarily C. hospitality D. technological
6. A. initiative B. interaction C. self-directed D. overwhelming
III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.
1. ____ the afternoon, mum feeds the chickens.
A. Over B. On C. In D. For
2. She was ill, ____, she offered to help.
A. although B. because C. therefore D. however
3. Viet Nam, ____ is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
4. We have English ____ Monday.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
5. I first met him a long time ____.
A. after B. before C. ago D. already
6. Wisdom is not a product of schooling but of the lifelong ____ to acquire it.
A. manage B. hope C. attempt D. try
7. Asking the ____ questions can be more important than having the answers.
A. actual B. sure C. true D. right
8. Lifelong learning is really important to ____ the successful life and career you want and deserve.
A. invent B. inventing C. create D. creating
9. ____ anyone call, would you please ask them to call back later?
A. If B. Should C. When D. Unless
10. I wish I ____ Bob the money; he spent it all gambling.
A. didn't lend B. wouldn't lend C. hadn't lent D. weren't lending
11. Teachers have to be very ____ when working with students who have varying needs.
A. flexible B. reliable C. applicable D. capable
12. The plane would have landed easily ____ the thick fog.
A. unless B. but for C. because of D. due to
13. Lifelong learners are ____ to learn and develop because they want to: it is a deliberate and voluntary act.
A. interested B. motivated C. stimulated D. affected
14. Through reading you will never stop ____ and being amazed by the incredible creativity, and intelligence.
A. to understand B. understanding C. to learn D. learning
15. Curiosity and lack of fear of ____ is what distinguishes bright people.
A. question B. realism C. comment D. criticism
16. ____ you known he was a liar, would you have agreed to support him?
A. If B. Since C. Had D. Did
17. If there ____, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. would be enough water B. had had enough water
C. had been enough water D. were enough water
18. Without the traffic jam on the high way this morning, I ____ late for the meeting.
A. would be B. would have been C. hadn't been D. wouldn't have been
19. The whole of life is learning, therefore, education can have no ____.
A. stops B. lasts C. endings D. finals
20. If I had listened to my parents, I ____ at this job now.
A. wouldn't be working B. wouldn't have worked
C. don't have to work D. am not working
21. "I have a headache." - "____ you take an aspirin?"
A. Why don't B. Why should C. What should D. What must
22. Without ____ it, he hindered us instead of ____ us.
A. realize - help B. realizing - helping C. to realize - to help D. realizing - to help
23. Lifelong learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better ____ and improve our quality of life.
A. events B. occasions C. opportunities D. incidents
24. If you ____ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn't be in this mess right now.
A. had listened B. will listen C. listen D. listened
25. Having read the passage three times, ____.
A. it was difficulty for me to understand B. I still couldn't understand its main idea
C. the main idea of it was not clear to me D. it made me confused about its main idea
26. There was no one else at the post office. I ____ in a queue.
A. didn't need to wait B. mustn't wait C. needn't have waited D. needn't wait
IV. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences.
1. Read about _____ in the world, read about what others are doing. INNOVATE
2. Health experts say that regular stretching improves one's _____, and reduces injuries. FLEXIBLE
3. Medical students generally have an _____ amount of homework to do. OVERWHELM
4. The new computer-controlled traffic system should facilitate _____ into the suburbs during rush hour. MOVE
5. The _____ goal of this course if to make you fluent in English. ULTIMATED
6. Doing volunteer work offers you the _____ to get valuable work experience. OPPORTUNATE
7. _____ we are responsible for our own learning. ULTIMATE
8. She took advantage of our _____ and stayed a whole month without paying us anything. HOSPITAL
9. Adults who are _____ enough will overcome the barriers of lifelong learning. MOTIVATIVE
10. The young worker showed a lot of _____ in making an important decision that was required while his boss was unavailable. INITIATE
V. Give the right tense or form of these following verbs.
1. Would your children mind (keep) _____ quiet for a moment. I'm trying (fill) _____ in a form.
2. Many people still refuse to believe that smoking is (harm) _____ .
3. I don't like that film. It is very (bore) _____ .
4. Picture books are very (help) _____ in developing children's habit of reading.
5. His (behave) _____ has not improved much.
6. The (pure) _____ of water will be tested.
7. Sleeping all, eating too much and never going out is (health) _____ .
8. To drive fast at an intersection is (danger) _____ .
9. Magnets will (attractive) _____ most metals.
10. She is a (collect) _____ of theater programmers.
VI. Choose the underlined words which need correcting then correct the mistake.
1. She asked me if I live in Hanoi.
A B C D
2. If you work hard, you would get good marks.
A B C D
3. A meeting will held next week by the committee.
A B C D
4. Mrs. Lien, whom sings very well, is my teacher of English.
A B C D
5. The boys are playing soccer over there are from class 9A.
A B C D
6. I really wish we can make a trip around the world.
A B C D
7. Don't ask me. If I knew the answer, I will tell you right now.
A B C D
8. If today was Sunday, we could spend a day out in the country.
A B C D
9. Listen to the weather forecast. It says that it would rain tonight.
A B C D
10. The man whom was televised last night is the principle of our school.
A B C D
VII. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.
Education plays a vital (1) ____ in the development of humanity and society. It directly influences a nation's prosperity, awareness of the world, and ability to change. (2) ____ the tradition of academic excellence in Vietnam and respecting the national education and progressive ideas of the ancestors, President Ho Chi Minh said: "For the sake of ten years, plant trees, for the sake of 100 years, cultivate people".
President Ho Chi Minh's education philosophy (3) ____ his own (4) ____ concepts. He said, "Learning is a lifelong ambition. No one can claim to know enough or know all". President Ho Chi Minh was an example of the spirit of lifelong learning: "I am now 71 years old, but I still keep learning every day".
UNESCO (5) ____ a new slogan of "lifelong learning" in 1996. However, President Ho Chi Minh introduced this idea of "lifelong learning" 35 years earlier. The purpose of this comparison highlights the fact that many aspects of Ho Chi Minh's educational philosophy have (6) ____ unchanged because they are so visionary.
In 1996, UNESCO proposed four pillars of education for the twenty-first century, which are: "learn to have knowledge, learn to work, learn to live together, and learn to (7) ____ personality". These four pillars can be (8) ____ as the truth and philosophy of education around the world in the modern era. In fact, these principles were also proposed by President Ho Chi Minh in September of 1949, on the front page of The Yellow Book, when he (9) ____ Nguyen Ai Quoc National School: "Learn to work, learn to humans, and to be cadres. Learn to serve the masses and all classes of people, for the fatherland and mankind." Such a statement reveals the incredible insight of Ho Chi Minh's philosophy and its (10) ____ in the face of global change and national renewal.
1. A. learner B. keeper C. user D. role
2. A. Acknowledging B. Taking C. Processing D. Reciting
3. A. found B. realized C. offered D. made
4. A. live B. lively C. livable D. visionary
5. A. recognized B. proposed C. remembered D. foretold
6. A. determined B. provided C. remained D. pulled
7. A. shape B. promote C. encourage D. teach
8. A. voluntary B. improved C. directed D. seen
9. A. approved B. visited C. believed D. taken
10. A. access B. availability C. persistence D. responsibility
VIII. Choose the best answer to complete the text.
heightens reminded motivated alive preparation
seeker absorbing drive accepted cradle
Becoming a (1) ____ seeker ___ of lifelong learning is critical in today's fast-changing world. Learning is not only a matter of (2) _____ absorbing _____ information but a process of developing many other internal skills, like curiosity, perseverance, and the ability to tackle tough challenges.
Thanks to research in neuroscience and human development, scientists can now explain how learning happens from (3) ____ cradle ______ to grave. It turns out that lifelong learning is a natural part of being (4) ____ alive ____.
When we think of scholars like Socrates, Einstein, or Aristotle, we are (5) ____ reminded ______ of great learners and their eternal quest for knowledge. But how do we develop the quest for lifelong learning in children and teens - the internal (6) _____ drive ______ that propels them to embrace the practice of learning throughout a lifetime?
As children develop toward adolescence, changes occur in the brain that (7) _____ heightens ______
their abilities to learn. Teens become capable of thinking more critically, solving more complex problems, and weighing difficult decisions. But in order to utilize these new abilities for lifelong learning teens must be internally (8) _____ motivated _____. They must learn because it feels good, not just because they want to get (9) _____ accepted ____ at a good college. The (10) ____ preparation _____ for lifelong learning starts at a young age.
IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius, they will cause a disaster. According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make. Generally, the child will be only too aware of what his parents expect, and will fail. Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very well - especially if the parents are very supportive of their child.
Michael Collins is very lucky. He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him. They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons. Michael's mother knows very little about music, but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.
Winston Smith, Michael's friend, however, is not so lucky. Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy.
1. One of the serious mistakes parents can make is to ____.
A. push their child into trying too much. B. help their child to become a genius.
C. make their child become a musician. D. neglect their child's education.
2. Who have criticized the methods of some ambitious parents?
A. Successful musicians. B. Unrealistic parents.
C. Their children. D. Educational psychologists.
3 Michael Collins is fortunate in that ____.
A. his father is a musician. B. his parents are quite rich.
C. his parents help him in a sensible way. D. his mother knows little about music.
4 The phrase "crazy about" in the paragraph 3 mostly means ____.
A. surprised at B. extremely interested in
C. completely unaware of D. confused about
5. Winston's parents push their son so much and he
A. has won a lot of piano competitions. B. cannot learn much music from them.
C. has become a good musician. D. is afraid to disappoint them.
6. The word "They" in the paragraph 3 refers to ____.
A. Michael's parents B. violin lessons C. parents in general D. concerts
7. All of the following people are musical EXCEPT ____.
A. Winston's father B. Winston's mother C. Michael's father D. Michael's mother
8. The two examples given in the passage illustrate the principle that
A. successful parents always have intelligent children.
B. successful parents often have unsuccessful children.
C. parents should let the child develop in the way he wants.
D. parents should spend more money on the child's education.
X. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.
In my experience, freshmen today are different from those I knew when I started as a counselor and professor 25 years ago. College has always been demanding both academically and socially. But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college.
It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from life's obstacle. Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children writing admission essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their children's lack of coping strategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trends of today.
How many people do you know who are on medication to prevent anxiety or depression? The number of students who arrive at college already medicated for unwanted emotions has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. We, as a society, don't want to "feel" anything unpleasant and we certainly don't want our children to "suffer".
The resulting problem is that by not experiencing negative emotions, one does not learn the necessary skills to tolerate and negotiate adversity. As a psychologist, I am well aware of the fact that some individuals suffer from depression and anxiety and can benefit from treatment, but I question the growing number of medicated adolescents today.
Our world is more stressful in general because of the current economic and political realities, but I don't believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years. What I do think is that many students are often not prepared to be young "adults" with all the responsibilities of life.
What does this mean for college faculty and staff? We are required to assist in the basic parenting of these students - the student who complains that the professor didn't remind her of the due date for an assignment that was clearly listed on the syllabus and the student who cheats on an assignment in spite of careful instructions about plagiarism.
As college professors, we have to explain what it means to be an independent college student before we can even begin to teach. As parents and teachers we should expect young people to meet challenges. To encourage them in this direction, we have to step back and let them fail and pick themselves up and move forward. This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can actually be a passage to independent adulthood.
1. According to the writer, students today are different from those she knew in that they are ____.
A. too ready for college B. not as mature
C. not so academic D. responsible for their work
2. The word "handle" in parapgraph 2 mostly means ____.
A. deal with B. gain benefits from C. lend a hand to D. point at
3. According to the writer, students' difficulties to cope with college life are partly due to ____.
A. the absence of parents' protection B. the lack of parental support
C. the over-parenting from parents D. the lack of financial support
4. The phrase "on medication" in paragraph 3 is similar in meaning to ____.
A. studying medicine at college B. doing medical research
C. receiving medical treatment D. suffering anxiety from depression
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. College faculty and staff are required to help in the parenting of problematic students.
B. The college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years.
C. Our world is more stressful because of the current economic and political situation.
D. Our society certainly doesn't want our children to experience unpleasant things.
6. Students who are not well-prepared to be young "adults" with all the responsibilities of life will need ____.
A. to be assigned more housework from adults B. to be given more social responsibilities
C. to be encouraged to meet challenges D. daily coaching from their teachers
7. According to the writer, failure in life and less support from parents will ____.
A. help students to learn to stand on their own feet
B. allow students to learn the first lesson in their lives
C. defeat students from the very beginning
D. discourage students and let them down forever
8. What is probably the writer's attitude in the passage?
A. Praising B. Indifferent C. Humorous D. Critical
ĐÁP ÁN
...
IV. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences.
1. Read about ____innovations_____ in the world, read about what others are doing. INNOVATE
2. Health experts say that regular stretching improves one's ___flexibility___, and reduces injuries. FLEXIBLE
3. Medical students generally have an ____overwhelming___ amount of homework to do. OVERWHELM
4. The new computer-controlled traffic system should facilitate ____movement____ into the suburbs during rush hour. MOVE
5. The ___ultimate____ goal of this course if to make you fluent in English. ULTIMATED
6. Doing volunteer work offers you the _____opportunity____ to get valuable work experience. OPPORTUNATE
7. ___ultimately____ we are responsible for our own learning. ULTIMATE
8. She took advantage of our _____hospitality____ and stayed a whole month without paying us anything. HOSPITAL
9. Adults who are ____motivated_____ enough will overcome the barriers of lifelong learning. MOTIVATIVE
10. The young worker showed a lot of ____initiative____ in making an important decision that was required while his boss was unavailable. INITIATE
V. Give the right tense or form of these following verbs.
1. Would your children mind (keep) _____keeping______ quiet for a moment. I'm trying (fill) _____to fill___ in a form.
2. Many people still refuse to believe that smoking is (harm) _____harmful____.
3. I don't like that film. It is very (bore) _____boring______.
4. Picture books are very (help) _____helpful_____ in developing children's habit of reading.
5. His (behave) ______behaviour______ has not improved much.
6. The (pure) _____purity_____ of water will be tested.
7. Sleeping all, eating too much and never going out is (health) ___unhealthy____.
8. To drive fast at an intersection is (danger) ____dangerous____.
9. Magnets will (attractive) _____attract______ most metals.
10. She is a (collect) _____collector______ of theater programmers.
.....
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