TỔNG HỢP TOÀN BỘ NGỮ PHÁP TRỌNG TÂM TIẾNG ANH 12
PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
A. THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ: VERB TENSES
I. LÝ THUYẾT:
1. Hiện tại đơn: S + V ( s /es )…
S + is /am/are…
* Cách dùng:
- Dùng để chỉ các hành động thói quen, mang tính chất lặp đi lặp lại.
Ex: She usually gets up at 6 a.m.
- Dùng để chỉ các sự kiện và sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex:Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade.
- Mô tả các hành động trong sách báo, vở kịch, bài bình luận trên truyền thanh…
Ex: In the film, the woman wears a red skirt.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn :
Every____ (everyday, everyweek, everynight,…..)
Often, sometimes, usually, always……
Twice a week, once a week….
2.Present continuous : S + is / am /are + V-ing
* Cách dùng:
- Dùng để chỉ một hành động đang được tiến hành trong lúc đang nói.
Ex : Listen! The bird is singing.
I am studying now.
- Một hành động đang quanh quẩn xảy ra bây giờ nhưng không nhất thiết xảy ra vào lúc nói.
Ex :I am reading a very good story.
- Một hành động dự kiến trong tương lai gần mà đã được sắp xếp xong.
Ex : They are playing tennis next week.
- Với chữ always đế diễn tả một hành động thường lặp lại thường xuyên, hay một lời phàn nàn…
Ex : He is always taking exams. He is always studying.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
- Câu bắt đầu bằng một mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent!....
- now, right now, at the moment, at the present, today, while
- next….. ( chỉ một dự định)
3. Simple Past: S + V2 / ed …
S + was / were…
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn tất ở thời gian xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: We bought this car two years ago.
- Một thói quen trong quá khứ.
Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn :
yesterday ________ ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,…….)
last _______ ( last year, last night, last week, last month….)
_______ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes ago….)
in + year in the past ( một năm nào đó trong quá khứ vd in 1999, in 2001…)
4. Present perfect : S + have / has + Vp.p
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định.
Ex: I haven’t met him before.
- Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay hoàn tất.
Ex: She has just gone out.
- Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ , kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.
Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years.
- Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng chấm dứt vào lúc nói.
Ex: I haven’t seen you for a long time. ( Nhưng bây giờ tôi đã gặp bạn rồi)
- Một hành động xảy ra hơn một lần trong quá khứ.
Ex: I have met him three times.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành :
Never, ever, since, for, recently, already, so far, before ( trước đây), yet, …
5. Past continuous : S + was / were + V-ing
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday?
- Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra cắt ngang.
Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home.
When they were having dinner, she entered their room.
- Hai hành động cùng song song xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ex:While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
At + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ
At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ
Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while…
6. Past perfect : S + had + V p.p
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ex : He had left the house before she came.
- Một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex : We had had lunch by two o’clock.
By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
by + thời gian trong quá khứ
before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as….
7. Simple future: S + will + V (infinitive)
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động có thể , hay có lẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
Ex: They will come here next week.
The football match will be over at 7 o’clock.
- Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu ( ở thể nghi vấn)
Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me?
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì tương lai đơn:
Next ______ ( next week, next month, …..)
At + thời giờ trong tương lai
* Chú ý: Để diễn tả một hành động có ý định hay một dự trù trong tương lai, ta có thể dùng TO BE GOING TO + V (inf)
8. Future perfect: S + will have + Vp.p
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm ở tương lai hay một hành động khác ở tương lai.
Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters.
- Đối với một hành động vươn dài tới một thời điểm trong tương lai.
Ex: When I leave the school next week, I will have taught this class for 5 years.
On December 18th , they will have been married for 30 years.
PHẦN II. BÀI TẬP
1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1) He ____ for London one year ago.
A. left B. has left C. leaves D. had left
2) She ____ in Hue for twenty years.
A. lives B. has lived C. lived D. will live
3) I ____ to the market with my mother yesterday.
A. go B. went C. have gone D. was going
4) What ____ you ____, Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother.
A. do/think B. are/thinking C. have/thought D. were/thinking
5) How long ____ you ____ her? – For five months.
A. do/know B. are/knowing C. have/known D. had/known
6) I usually ____ to school by bus.
A. went B. am going C. go D. have gone
7) Yesterday morning I ____ up at 6.30.
A. got B. get C. was getting D. had got
8) Please don’t make so much noise. I ____.
A. studying B. study C. am studying D. studied
9) Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.
A. boils B. boiled C. is boiling D. will boil
10) It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. So it ____ for two hours.
A. rains B. is raining C. has rained D. rained
11) ____ you ____ out last night?
A. Did/go B. Do/go C. Have/gone D. Were/going
12) This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.
A. costs B. cost C. had cost D. was cost
13) While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.
A. played/took B. playing/taking
C. was playing/was taking D. was play/was take
14) Mike is playing chess. How long ____ he ____?
A. did/play B. is/playing C. has/play D. has/been playing
15) When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____.
A. worked/was ringing B. were working/rang C. worked/rang D. work/rings
16) After they ____ their breakfast, they ____ shopping yesterday.
A. have/go B. had had/go C. had/had gone D. had had/went
17) They ____ tea when the doorbell ____.
A. have/is ringing B. were having/rang C. had had/ rang D. having/ringing
18) Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.
A. smoked/read B. had smoked/read
C. was smoking/was reading D. smoking/reading
19) When I ____ into the office, my boss ____ for me.
A. came/was waiting B. was coming/waited C. had come/waited D. came/waiting
20) When I ____ Brian, he ____ a taxi.
A. see/drives B. see/was driving C. saw/was driving D. saw/is driving
21) When he ____, we ____ dinner.
A. arrived/having B. arrived/were having C. was arriving/had D. had arrived/had
22) While they ____ chess, we ____ the shopping.
A. playing/doing B. were playing/doing
C. played/did D. were playing/were doing
23) They ____ football when the lights in the stadium ____ out.
A. were playing/went B. played/was going
C. were playing/ was going D. playing/went
24) While George and John ____ their room, she ____ the ironing.
A. cleaning/doing B. were cleaning/was doing
C. were cleaning/doing D. cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late yesterday and on Monday.
A. is/was B. has been/is C. has been/was D. has been/had been
26) He ____ in the same house since 1975.
A. has lived B. is living C. lived D. had lived
27) We ____ him since he ____ married.
A. didn’t see/got B. haven’t seen/got C. don’t/get D. hadn’t seen/got
28) It ____ for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis.
A. is raining B. had rained C. has rained D. was raining
29) He ____ to HCMC last year and I ____ him since then.
A. moved/didn’t see B. moves/haven’t seen
C. moved/haven’t seen D. moved/hadn’t seen
30) We ____ what to do with the money yet.
A. not decide B. didn’t decide C. haven’t decided D. hadn’t decided
31) My father ____ as a teacher for thirty years.
A. works B. is working C. worked D. has worked
32) He ____ to New York three times this year.
A. had been B. was C. has been D. is
33) I ____ how to dance when I ____ six years old.
A. don’t know / was B. didn’t know / am C. didn’t know / was D. haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother ____ me his photos. He ____ me his photos every year.
A. sends/sent B. sent/sends C. sent/sent D. sends/sends
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he ____ carelessly.
A. drove B. had driven C. drives D. was driving
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I ____ when I was a child but not now.
A. do B. did C. have done D. had done
37) I ____ her at the school gate yesterday.
A. met B. meet C. had met D. am meeting
38) She ____ English when she was six years old.
A. learned B. has learned C. is learning D. had learned
39) I don’t remember where and when I ____ her.
A. meet B. had met C. met D. have met
40) They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.
A. get B. got C. have got D. had got
41) ____ you ____ that film yet?
A. Do/see B. Have/seen C. Did/see D. Had/seen
42) I ____ the film with my friends last week.
A. watched B. watch C. have watched D. had watched
43) He ____ up at five every morning.
A. is getting B. got C. gets D. was getting
44) ____ she ____ in Hue at the moment?
A. Does/live B. Is/living C. Did/live D. Was/living
45) He usually ____ her at weekend but now he ____ in bed because of his severe illness.
A. visits/stays B. visits/staying C. visited/stays D. visits/is staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents ____.
A. sleep B. are sleeping C. were sleeping D. slept
47) Why ____ you often ____ so much noise in the house?
A. do/make B. did/make C. are/making D. were/making
48) What ____ he ____ before you came?
A. does/do B. had/do C. had/done D. has/done
49) While mum was watching TV, I ____ my homework.
A. am doing B. was doing C. had done D. has done
50) At this time yesterday I ____ to music.
A. listened B. had listened C. was listening D. am listening
2. Put the verbs into the correct tense:
A. It (be) ________________ a long day, but by 9 o’clock the children (go) ________________ to bed. They (clear) ________________ away the supper things and now they (look) ________________ forward to a couple of hours in front of the television. Unfortunately the film (be) ________________ rather boring. Jim soon (fall) ________________ asleep and Susan (start) ________________ to think about all her work. She (be) ________________ sure she (hear) ________________ a noise outside the window, so she (look) ________________ up. A shadow (move) ________________ slowly through the garden. Her heart (race) ________________ She (turn) ________________ out the light so that she could hear better. There (be) ________________ nobody there. But she (see) ...................that it (snow) ________________ earlier that evening, and across the grass there (be) ________________ a line of footprints. A fox (walk) ________________ across right in front of their window, and now it (look) ________________ at her from the far corner of the garden.
One day a few year ago, I (enter) ________________ a small room and (sit) ________________ quietly, (look) ________________ through the window, (wait) . Time (run) ________________ by fast, but my excitement (not let) ________________ me (be) ________________ aware of it. After five, ten, fifteen minutes (pass) ________________ and no one (come) ________________ in, my impatience (reach) ________________ a peak. However, nothing (go) ________________: it was only that I (arrive) ________________ earlier than I (be) ________________ supposed to. At last, I (hear) ________________ steps; the door (open); a gentleman (come) ________________ in. Looking at me and smiling, he (greet) ________________ me affably. I (not / respond) ________________ to his greeting: I simply (stare) ________________ at him and (smile) ________________ foolishly. (Gesticulate) ________________ expressively, the man (continue) ________________ speaking. I (not understand) ________________ one word that he (say) ________________, nevertheless, he (go) ________________ on for forty-five minutes. Finally stopping, he (bow) ________________ and (leave) ________________ the room. The next day I (be) ________________ in the small room again, but that time I (be) ________________ able to answer the man’s greeting when he (appear) ________________ The day before, you (see), ________________ (be) ________________ my first English lesson.
B. Parents and I came to live in the United States when I was 5 years old. Although my family is now very comfortable, at first we (have) ________________ a hard time adjusting to life here. We (think) ________________ that everybody in the United States was very rich. Imagine our surprise when we learn that it was hard for many people, my father included, to make a living. My father (work) ________________ as a dentist In Europe before we came here 20 years ago. Here he couldn’t work as a dentist right away because he hadn’t passed the state examination yet. While he was studying for the dentist examination, he worked in a dental laboratory in order to support his family. He (practise) ________________ here for 20 years now and has gained some recognition.
My mother, too, (be) ________________ happy here. She got a degree in finance 5 years ago and now (own) ________________ her one profitable copy center. As soon as she (find) ________________ some suitable investors, she is going to set up some franchises.
I myself (have) ________________ a wonderful life. Last year I got my law degree and since then I have been working in a small firm where I am very happy. At the end of 5 years, I (establish) ________________ myself as a competent professional.
We all have succeeded beyond our wildest dream and are looking forward to even more success. When I die, I know I (live) ________________ a good and rewarding life.
B. CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG: PASSIVE VOICE
I. LÝ THUYẾT:
Cách đổi một câu chủ động (active) sang câu bị động (passive)
1. TRƯỜNG HỢP 1:
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + BE + P.P. (+ BY + O)
* Chú ý: - Động từ (V) trong câu Active chia ở thì nào thì động từ BE trong câu Passive chia ở thì đó.
- Nhiều trường hợp không cần thiết, BY + O có thể bỏ đi.
* Ví dụ: - They use this room on special occasions.
- This room is used on special occasions.
- He sold his house last year.
- His house was sold last year.
2. TRƯỜNG HỢP II:
Active: S + BE + V+ING + O
Passive: S + BE + BEING + P.P. (+ BY + O)
* Chú ý: BE trong câu Active chia ở thì nào thì BE trong câu Passive chia ở thì đó.
* Ví dụ: - They are building a new school in this area.
- A new school is being built in this area.
- The police were asking him questions when I came.
- He was being asked questions by the police when I came.
3. TRƯỜNG HỢP III:
Active: S + MODAL + V(INF.) + O
Passive: S + MODAL + BE + P.P. (+ BY + O)
* Chú ý: MODAL gồm có: can, could, must, may, might, would, should, ought to, used to ....
* Ví dụ: - A child can understand this problem.
-> This problem can be understood by a child.
- They could not finish the work on time.
-> The work could not be finished on time.
4. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:
a. People + say / said + that + S + V…: (Cấu trúc này có nghĩa: người ta nói rằng…)
Có 2 cách đổi câu này sang dạng bị động:
* Cách 1: Active: People + say / said + that + S + V …
- Passive: It + is / was + said + that + S + V …
* Ví dụ: - People say that he lives abroad.
-> It is said that he lives abroad.
- People said that this man stole the car.
-> It was said that this man stole the car.
* Cách 2: Active: People + say / said + that + S + V ….
-> Passive: S + is / was + said + to + V(INF.) ….
* Ví dụ: - People say that he lives abroad.
-> He is said to live abroad.
- People said that this man stole the car.
-> This man was said to steal the car.
* GHI CHÚ: Các động từ know (biết), think (nghĩ), believe (tin), rumour (đồn), hope (hi vọng),
expect (trông mong), suppose (cho rằng) cũng được ung tương tự như động từ say
trong trường hợp tương tự như trên.
b. Động từ có 2 tân ngữ: (Verbs of two objects)
a. Loại động từ cần giới từ “ TO” :
John gave me an English book. (1)
Câu này có thể viết lại theo cách khác:
John gave an English book to me.
Cho nên khi đổi sang câu bị động, câu (1) có thể viết thành 2 cách:
Cách 1: I was given an English book (by John).
Cách 2: An English book was given to me (by John).
- Những động từ cùng loại với động từ give trong câu trên là: send, show, lend, promise, hand,
pay, read, throw, wish, offer.
b. Loại động từ cần giới từ “FOR” :
I bought my brother some books. (2)
Câu này có thể viết lại theo cách khác:
I bought some books for my brother.
Cho nên khi đổi sang câu bị động, câu (2) có thể viết thành 2 cách:
Cách 1: My brother was bought some books (by me).
Cách 2: Some books were bought for my brother (by me).
* Những động từ cùng loại với động từ buy trong câu trên là: get (mua), make (tea, coffee), do (a favor), save (dành, để dành)……
c. Câu hỏi đuôi: (Tag question)
A: Your brother found the key, didn’t he?
B: The key was found by your brother, wasn’t it?
d. Nguyên mẫu bị động: (Passive infinitive)
They began to beat wooden drum.
-> Wooden drum began to be beaten.
He’d like people to call him Sir.
-> He’d like to be called Sir.
e. Câu mệnh lệnh: (Imperative)
Write your name on this peace of paper.
-> Let your name be written on this peace of paper.
f. Phản thân bị động: (Reflexive passive)
Don’t let Nam tease you.
-> Don’t let yourself be teased by Nam.
He let people cheat him.
-> He let himself be cheated.
g. V + O + V+ING :
She kept me waiting.
-> I was kept waiting.
We found him working at his desk.
-> He was found working at his desk (by us).
h. V (perception) + O + V+ING :
People heard him giving orders.
-> He was heard giving orders.
i. V (perception) + O + (Bare) V:
People heard her sing a love song.
-> She was heard to sing a love song.
k. V + V+ING :
At that time, scientists began discovering Pluto and its satellites.
-> At that time, Pluto and its satellites began being discovered by scientists.
l. Suppose: You are supposed to know how to drive = It is your duty to know/ You should know how to
drive.
m. Let : Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO được đặt sau động từ bị động, tuy nhiên, với động từ LET ta dùng
động từ nguyên mẫu không TO:
He made us work. -> We were made to work.
They let us go. -> We were let go.
II. BÀI TẬP:
1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
A. That play were written by Shakespeare. B.That had been written by Shakespeare.
C.That play was written by Shakespeare. D.That play are written by Shakespeare.
2. Alice didn’t make that pie. Did Mrs Franch make it ?
A. That pie weren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?
B.That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Did it be made by Mrs Franch?
C.That pie aren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?
A. That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs franch?
3. Does Professor Jackson teach that course?
A. Is that course teached by Prof. Jackson?
B. Has that course been taught by Prof.Jackson?
C.Is that course taught by Prof.Jackson?
D. Was that course taught by Prof.Jackson?
4. James……..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell B. should be told C.should told D. should be telled
5. I tried my best, but the windows………..by me.
A. could open B.could be open C.could be opened D. could opened
6. Good news! I…………a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.
A.could be offered B. may be offered C.should be offered D.would be offered
7. It is hot in this room because the window……….
A. closed B.closes C.is closed D.closing
8. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It ……… of cotton.
A.be made B.are made C.is made D.made
9. Don’t look in the hall closet. Your birhtday present…….there.
A.are hidden B.is hided C.was hided D.is hidden
10. The door to this room……
A. is shutted B. is shut C.shuts D.are shut
11. They have watched the music programme on T.V since 3 o’clock.
A. The music programme on T.V have been seen since 3 o’clock
B. The music programme on T.V has been seen since 3 o’clock.
C. The music programme on T.V have be seen since 3 o’clock.
D. The music programme on T.V had been seen since 3 o’clock.
12. People said that Tom stole that bicycle.
A. Tom is said to steal that bicycle. B. Tom is said that to steal that bicycle.
C. Tom was said to steal that bicycle. D. Tom were said to steal that bicycle.
13. People believed that John is a good person.
A. It is believed that John is a good person. B. It was believed that John is a good person
C. It believes that John is a good person D. It believed that John is a good person.
14. Mary is reading newspapers now.
A. Newspapers are read by Mary now. B. Newspapers being read by Mary now.
C. Newspapers are being read by Mary now. D. Newspapers are reading by Mary now.
2. Change into passive:
1. They can’t make tea with cold water.
2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
5. They have to repair the engine of the car.
6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
8. They may use this room for the classroom.
9. The teacher is going to tell a story.
10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
11. The chicken looked at the woman with a red hat.
12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
13. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
14. You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30pm.
15. Luckily, for me, they didn’t call my name.
16. After class, one of the students always crases the chalkboard.
17. You must clean the wall before you paint it.
18. They told the new pupil where to sit.
19. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
20. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.
21. Did Ann discover the mistake?
22. Tommy didn`t break the chair.
23. She doesn`t the housework every morning.
24. She cooked the meals carefully.
25. She will put the flower vase in the living room.
26. Jane has just finished the needlework.
27. She is singing English songs now.
28. Your brother found the book, didn`t he?
29. I told the servant to shut the door.
30. I wound like to give Lan a nice present.
31. He doesn`t like people to ask him stupid question.
32. Write your name on this piece of paper.
33. They let us go out
34. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
35. They saw her come in.
36. She hates peple staring at her.
37. John gave me a nice present.
38. I bought my mother some flowers
C. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: RELATIVE CLAUSES:
I. lÝ THUYẾT:
1. Định nghĩa:
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clause) còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (Adjective clause) là một mệnh đề phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó (tiền ngữ).
- Mệnh đề quan hệ được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT,WHOSE hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
- Vị trí: Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
2. Cách dùng:
2.1. WHO:
- WHO là một đại từ quan hệ (relative pronoun) chỉ người, nó đúng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau no (S).
Ví dụ: The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike.
Relative clause
2.2. WHOM:
- WHOM là một đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, nó đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để lam tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó (O).
Ví dụ: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
Relative clause
- Lưu ý: Trong câu Whom có thể lược bỏ đi.
Ví dụ: The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt.
2.3. WHICH:
- WHICH là một đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, nó đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ vật để làm chủ ngữ (S) hoặc làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó (O).
Ví dụ: This is the book which I like best.
The hat which is red is mine.
- Lưu ý: Khi làm tân ngữ (O) cho động từ đứng sau nó, Which có thể lược bỏ đi.
Ví dụ: This is the book I like best.
2.4. THAT:
- WHICH là một đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, nó có thể dùng thay cho WHO< WHOM, WHICH trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn. ( Restrictive clauses).
Ví dụ: That is the book that I like best.
My father is the person that I admire most.
2.5. WHOSE:
- WHOSE là một đại từ quan hệ đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu đúng trước danh từ. WHOSE cũng được dùng cho vật ( = Of which ).
- WHOSE luôn đi kèm với một danh từ.
Ví dụ: The boy whose bicycle you borowed yesterday is Tom.
He found a cat whose leg was broken.
2.6. WHEN:
- WHEN là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, nó đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ thời gian.
- WHEN được dùng để thay cho “ at/ on/ in/ + which; then”
Ví dụ: May Day is the day when / on which peole hold a meeting.
2.7. WHERE:
- WHERE là môt trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, nó đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ nơi chốn.
- WHERE được dùng để thay cho “ at/ on/ in/ + which; there”
Ví dụ: That is the house where/ in which we are living now.
2.8. WHY:
- WHY là một đại từ quan hệ chỉ lý do, nó đứng liền sau tiền ngữ “ THE REASON”.
- WHY được dùng để thay cho “ FOR THE REASON”
Ví dụ: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad.
3. Phân loại:
Có 2 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:
3.1. Mệnh đề giới hạn (restrictive clauses)
Đây là mệnh đề cần thiết vì tiền ngữ chưa xác định, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
Ví dụ: The man who/ that keeps the school library is Mr. Green.
Restrictive relative clause
3.2. Mệnh đề không giới hạn (non – restrictive clauses)
Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì tiền ngữ đã được xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đầy đủ nghĩa.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phẩy. Trước danh từ thường có: this, that, these, those, my, his, her, your,… hoặc tên riêng.
Ví dụ: This is Mrs Lien, who helped me last week.
Non- Restrictive relative clause
* Lưu ý: Không dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.
Ii. BÀI TẬP:
1. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns or relative adverbs.
1. Alexander Fleming, ____ discovered penicillin received the Nobel prize in 1945.
2. The book ____ I need can’t be found in the library.
3. Here is the beech ____ is the safest for swimmers.
4. Do you know the American woman ____ name is Margaret Michell?
5. Jim, ____ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
6. John found a cat ____ leg was broken.
7. This tree, ____ branches are dry should be cut down.
8. The child smiled at the woman ____ he didn’t know.
9. Children enjoy reading the books ____ have coloured pictures.
10. The noise ____ he made woke up everybody.
11. The house ____ walls and roof are made of glass is a green house.
12. Rod lee ____ sister I know is a film actor.
13. We saw many soldiers and tanks ____ were moving to the front.
14. We must find a time ___ we can meet and a place ____ we can talk.
15. I know a place ____ roses grow in abundance.
16. The teacher with ____ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
17. This is the house ____ we have lived for five years.
18. Tom has three sister, all of ____ are married.
19. This doctor, ____ you visited yesterday, is very famous.
20. The day ____ she left was rainy.
2. Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below:
1. The student is from China. He sits next to me.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
2. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
3. Jim passed the exam. This surprised everybody.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
4. You sent me a present. Thank you for it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
5. You didn’t tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
6. The reason is not valid. You gave it yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
7. The day is rainy. She left on that day.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
8. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
9. Our school has a good laboratory. The students practise chemistry in the laboratory.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
10. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
3. Choose the best word or phrase:
1. The book .......... I need can’t be found in the library.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
2. Here is the beach .......... is the safest for swimmer.
a. whom b. which c. who d. whose
3. That women .......... I don’t remember is a doctor.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
4. We must find a time .......... we can met and a place .......... we can talk.
a. where/ when b. which / when c. when / where d. when / which
5. Let me see all the letters .......... you have written.
a. that b. which c. whose d. a & b
6. He introduced me to his students , most of .......... were from abroad.
a. who b. that c. whom d. whose
7. A man brought in a small girl .......... hand had been cut.
a. whose b. who c. that d. whom
8. I have not decided the day .......... I’ll go to London.
a. which b. on which c. when d. b & c
9. Many diseases .......... people died years ago are no longer dangerous.
a. of which b. whose c. whom d. of that
10. That is the new teacher about .......... the students are talking.
a. that b. who c. whose d. whom
11. You didn’t tell us the reason .......... we have to cut down our daily expenses.
a. for that b. for which c. why d. b & c
12. The child smiled at the woman .......... he didn’t know.
a. whom b. whose c. which d. who
13. Don’t sit on the chair the leg .......... is broken.
a. which b. of which c. whose d. of whose
14. The noise .......... he made woke everybody up.
a. which b. of which c. that d. a & c
15. I used to have a doll .......... .
a. which was brought in India b. in which was brought in India
c. what was brought in India d. was brought in India
16. The house .......... .
a. which in I was born is for sale b. where I was born in is for sale
c. in which I was born is for sale d. in where I was born is for sale
17. I love my teacher .......... .
a. I have great confidence in her b. in her I have great confident
c. at whom I have great confidence d. in whom I have great confidence
18. The boy .......... I spoke on the phone last night is very interested in Mathematics.
a. to who b. to whom c. to that d. to which
19. That’s the man .......... house was burned down.
a. his b. that his c. whose d. whom
20. I wonder .......... crying.
a. why is she b. why she is c. why she be d. if she be
21. The professor is excellent .I’m taking in his course
a. the professor who is excellent I’m taking in his course
b. the professor whose course I’m taking in is excellent course
c. the professor whom course I’m taking in is excellent
d. the professor who’s course I’m taking in is excellent.
22. The man is my father. I respect his opinions
a. The man who is my father I respect his opinions
b. The man of whom opinion I respect is my father.
c. The man who opinions I respect most is my father.
d. The man whose opinions I respect most is my father.
23. She is the most intelligent woman .I’ve ever met this woman
a. she’s the most intelligent woman which I’ve ever met.
b. she’s the most intelligent woman that I’ve ever met.
c. she’s the most intelligent woman that I’ve ever met her.
d. she’s the most intelligent woman whom I’ve met.
24. The day was rainy .She left on that day.
a. The day when she left was rainy.
b . The day when she left on was rainy.
c. The day on when she left was rainy.
d. The day where she left was rainy.
25. Do you know the music? It’s being played on the radio
a .Do you know the music that is being played on the radio ?
b .Do you know the music who is being played on the radio ?
c .Do you know the music where is being played on the radio ?
d. Do you know the music when is being played on the radio?
26. I recently went back to Paris .It’s still as beautiful as a pearl
a. I recently went back to Paris which is still as beautiful as a pearl
b. I recently went back to Paris when it is still as beautiful as a pearl
c. I recently went back to Paris where it’s still as beautiful as a pearl
d. I recently went back to Paris that it’s still as beautiful as a pearl
27. You sent me a present .Thank you very much for it.
a. You sent me a present which thank you very much for it.
b. Thank you very much for a present which you sent me.
c. Thank you very much for the present, that you sent me.
d. Thank you very much for the present whom you sent me.
28. I have not decided the day I’ll go to London that day.
a. I haven’t decided where I’ll go to London.
b. I haven’t decided the day when I’ll go to London.
c. I haven’t decided the day on when I’ll go to London.
d. I haven’t decided the day which I’ll go to London.
29. The days were the saddest ones I lived far from home on those days.
a. The days were the saddest ones where I lived far from home.
b. The days when I lived far from home were the saddest ones.
c .The days which I lived far from home were the saddest ones.
d .The days why I lived far from home were the saddest ones.
30. I never forget the park. We met each other for the 1st time at this park.
a. I never forget the park when we met each other for the 1st time at this park.
b .I never forget the park where we met each other at this park.
c. I never forget the park which we met each other for the 1st time.
d. I never forget the park why we met each other for the 1st time.
31. There’re five individuals. Their contributions are important
a. There’re five individuals who their contributions are important
b. There’re five individuals of which their contributions are important
c. There’re five individuals who contributions are important
d. There’re five individuals whose contributions are important
32. Last week I went to see the house. I used to lived in it
a. Last week I went to see the house where I used to live in
b. Last week I went to see the house where I used to live
c. Last week I went to seethe house which I used to live
d. Last week I went to see the house when I used to live
33. I don’t want to meet the man .He’s my next door neighbour.
a. I don’t want to meet the man, whom is my next door neighbour.
b .I don’t want to meet the man whom is my next door neighbour.
c .I don’t want to meet the man , who is my next door neighbour.
d .I don’t want to meet the man who is my next door neighbour.
34. She doesn’t want to speak of the cause .She divorced her husband for this cause
a. She doesn’t want to speak of the cause why she divorced her husband.
b. She doesn’t want to speak of the cause why she divorced her husband for this cause.
c. She doesn’t want to speak of the cause where she divorced her husband for this cause.
d. She doesn’t want to speak of the cause the reason why she divorced her husband.
35. Mr. Brown is the man .I’m responsible to him for my work
a. Mr. Brown is the man who I’m responsible to him for my work
b. Mr. Brown is the man to whom I’m responsible for my work
c. Mr. Brown is the man which I’m responsible to him for my work
d. Mr. Brown is the man to who I’m responsible to him for my work
36. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop .You can find valuable books in this shop.
a. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop where you can find valuable books
b. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop which you can find valuable books
c. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop where you can find valuable books in
d. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop, that you can find valuable books
37. I’ll introduce you the man .His support is necessary for your project.
a. I’ll introduce you the man whose his support is necessary for your project.
b. I’ll introduce you the man who support is necessary for your project.
c. I’ll introduce you the man whose support is necessary for your project.
d. I’ll introduce you the man who his support is necessary for your project.
38. A man answer the phone. He said Tom was out.
a. A man answer the phone said Tom was out.
b. A man who answer the phone said Tom was out.
c. A man , whom answer the phone ,said Tom was out.
d. A man ,who answer the phone , said Tom was out.
39. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
a. where he could playing b. where he could play in
c. which he could play d. where he could play
40. He simply loves parties. He’s always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
a. whom leaves b. that leaves c. which leaves d. where leaves
41. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
a. that leaves the room b. which leaves the room c. whom leaves the room d. leaves the room
42. The 1st man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
a. that was interviewed b. whom was interviewed c. was interviewed d. which was interviewed
43. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with
a. which I could open it b. whom I could open it with
c. which I could open it with d. who I could open it with
44. The voters were overwhelmingly against the candidate______ proposals called for higher taxes.
a. who is b. whom he had c. whose d. that is
45. “Do you remember Mrs. Goddard,___ taught us English composition?” I certainly do.
a. who b. whose c. that d. which
46. He said something and I understood it .He said something ___I understand
a. who b. whose c. whom d. which
47. The girls and flowers___ he painted were visit
a. who b. which c. whose d. that
48. Jim passed the exam ____ surprised everybody.
a. who b. which c. which is d. who is
49. Those were the soldiers ___to save the town
a. whose responsibility was b. in whom there was a reasonability
c. whose was the reasonability d. from whom the reasonability came
50. His boat, ___is ‘topsail” is famous
a. whose the name b. of whom the name
c. the whose name d. the name of which
D. CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT: REPORTED SPEECH
I. lÝ THUYẾT:
1. ĐỊNH NGHĨA: Câu tường thuật còn gọi là câu gián tiếp, dùng để thuật lại lời nói của mình hay của người khác.
2. QUI TẮC:
- Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta phải tuân thủ theo một số qui luật sau:
+ Mệnh đề tường thuật thường được bắt đầu bằng That ( được hiểu ngầm ).
+ Thay đổi đại từ làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu cho thích hợp.
+ Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cần thiết.
TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP
This/ these That/ those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Tomorrow The next (following) day
Yesterday The day before
Next week/year … The following week/ year …
Last week/year … The privious week/ year …
Following Previous
EX1: “I like this dress”, she tells me
She tells me (that) she likes that dress
EX 2: “I will come here tomorrow”. She says
She says (that) she will come there the following day.
+ Thay đổi thì trong mệnh đề tường thuật nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính dùng thì quá khứ đơn. (Động từ lùi về quá khứ một bậc so với động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp).
TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Simple past Past perfect
Present perfect Past perfect
Shall/ will Should/ would
Can/ may Could/ might
Future perfect Conditional perfect
+ Động từ ở mệnh đề chính dùng thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành hay tương lai đơn thì động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật không thay đổi so với câu nói trực tiếp ).
+ Said to phải đổi thành told
+ Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép hoặc từ please nếu có.
Ví dụ: “ I love him ”, she says
She told me that he loved him.
She tells me that he loves him.
She has told me that he loves him.
She will tell me that he loves him.
3. CÁC LOẠI CÂU:
a. Câu phát biểu ( statements ):
EX 1: She says: “I am unhappy”.
She said that she was unhappy.
She says that she is unhapy.
She has told me that she is unhappy.
She will tell me that she is unhappy.
EX 2: She said to me “ I am un happy”
She told me that she was unhappy.
b. Câu truyền khiến ( câu mệnh lệnh )
* Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định được bắt đầu bằng một động từ nguyên mẫu không to ( without to ).
- Các động từ ask, tell, order, command, advise, remind… thường được dùng trong mệnh đề chính.
- Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép và từ please, dear nếu có.
- Đổi mệnh lệnh khẳng định sang câu tường thuật mệnh lệnh khẳng định, mệnh đề diễn tả mệnh lệnh bắt đầu bằng To Infinitive.
- Mọi bước tiến hành theo qui tắc chung ( thay đổi trạng từ, tân ngữ, thì … nếu cần thiết ).
EX: 1. “ Come in please”, she says
She tells me to come in.
2. “Stand up and answer my question”, the teacher tells him.
The teacher asks him to stand up and answer her question
3. “Sit down and think about your mistakes”, the mother told to the boy.
The mother told to him to sit down and think about his mistakes.
* Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
- Mệnh lệnh phủ định bắt đầu bằng Don’t và một động từ.
- Mệnh đề diễn tả mệnh lệnh phủ định bắt đầu bằng Not/ Never + To Infinitive.
- Các bước khác làm giống như câu tường thuật mệnh lệnh khẳng định.
EX 1: “Don’t cry more, dear”, she said to her daughter.
She told to her daughter not to cry more.
2. “Don’t talk too much in class”, the teacher tells the pupils.
The teacher asks her pupils not to talk too much in class.
3. “Don’t spend too much my money on chatting”, my mother tell me.
My mother tells me not to spend too much her money on chatting.
4. “Don’t buy this cell phone”, she said to me.
She told me not to buy that cell phone.
c. Câu nghi vấn:
* Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi ( Wh – H ): what, where, when, why, who, which,how.
- Dùng các động từ: asked, wondered, inqiured, wanted to know trong mệnh đề chính của câu tường thuật.
- Không cần sử dụng That trong mệnh đề tường thuật.
- Mệnh đề tường thuật bắt đầu bằng từ để hỏi.
- Không đảo ngược chủ ngữ và động từ sau từ để hỏi, không có dấu hỏi chấm ở cuối câu.
- Các bước khác làm theo như qui tắc chung (thay đổi trạng từ, tân ngữ, thì … nếu cần thiết).
EX 1: He asked me :“Why are you so sad ?”
Wh - V - S
He asked me why I was so sad.
Wh - S - V
He wanted to know why I was so sad.
Wh - S - V
2. He asked me: “ where are you from?”.
He asked me where I was from.
Wh – S - V
3. She asked him: “where do you live ?”.
Wh - Aux.v- V - Inf
She asked him where he lived.
Wh - S – V
* Câu hỏi có- không ( Yes- No questions):
- Mệnh đề tường thuật bắt đầu bằng If hoặc whether.
- Không dùng các trợ động từ (do, does, did ) trong mệnh đề tường thuật.
- Không đảo ngược chủ ngữ và động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật, không có dấu hỏi chấm.
- Các bước khác làm giống như câu hỏi với từ để hỏi.
EX 1: He asked her: “Do you love me?”.
Do - S - Inf
He asked her if she loved him.
If - S - V
He wanted to know whether she loved him.
Whether - S - V
2: I asked her: “ Can you finish the work earlier?”.
Mod V- S - Inf
I asked her if she could finish the work earlier.
If- S - Mod V- Inf
3: She asked him: “Will you come here tomorrow?
F.V - S - Inf
She asked him whether he would come there the next day.
Whether- S- F.V Inf
II. BÀI TẬP:
1/ Choose the best sentence by circle a, b, c or d.
1. He says: “I am very happy”.
a. He says: that he is very happy. b. He said that he is very happy.
c. He says that he was very happy. d. He says that he is very happy.
2. He said: “I will by a new car”.
a. He said: he would buy a new car. b. He said he should buy a new car.
c. He said he would buy a new car. d. He said he will buy a new car.
3. My father said: “I can’t find my keys anywhere”.
a. My father said that he can’t find his keys anywhere.
b. My father said that he can’t find my keys anywhere.
c. My father said that: he can’t find his keys anywhere.
d. My father said that he couldn’t find his keys anywhere.
4. My mother says to me: “I’ll buy you a new dress”.
a. My mother says to me that she‘ll buy me a new dress.
b. My mother tells me that she‘ll buy me a new dress.
c. My mother says to me that: she‘ll buy me a new dress.
d. My mother tells me that she would buy me a new dress.
5. My sister said: “I am going to the theatre tomorrow”.
a. My sister said that she was going to the theatre the next day.
b. My sister said that she was going to the theatre tomorrow.
c. My sister told that: she was going to the theatre the next day.
d. My sister said that she is going to the theatre the next day.
6. My girl friend said to me: “You look happy today”.
a. My girl friend said to me that I looked happy today.
b. My girl friend told me that I looked happy today.
c. My girl friend said to me that I looked happy that day.
d. My girl friend told me that I looked happy that day.
7. I said to my room-mate: “Your watch has been stolen”.
a. I said to my room-mate that: her watch had been stolen.
b. I told to my room-mate that her watch had been stolen.
c. I said to my room-mate that: her watch has been stolen.
d. I told my room-mate that her watch had been stolen.
8. The girl said to her mother: “I can’t marry him this year”.
a. The girl told to her mother: She couldn’t marry him that year.
b. The girl said to her mother that she couldn’t marry him that year.
c. The girl told her mother that she couldn’t marry him that year.
d. The girl told to her mother she can’t marry him that year.
9. The boy said to me: “You have to come here with me”.
a. The boy told me that I had to come there with him.
b. The boy told me that I had to go there with him.
c. The boy said to me that I had to come there with him.
d. The boy told me that I have to come there with him.
10. He said to me: “Why are you so lazy?”.
a. He said to me why I was so lazy. b. He asked me why I was so lazy.
c. He asked me why was I so lazy. d. He said to me why I was so lazy?
11. He asked his friends: “Did you see the president?”
a. He asked his friend if he had seen the president.
b. He asked his friend whether he saw the president.
c. He asked his friend whether did he see the president.
d. He asked his friend if he has had seen the president.
12. He asked me: “What time is it?”
a. He asked me what time it is. b. He asked me what time it was.
c. He asked me what time was. d. He asked me what time it was?
13.He asked: “ Have you finish your task ?”.
a. He asked Nam whether had he finished his task or not.
b. He asked Nam whether he has finished his task.
c. He asked Nam whether he had finished his task.
d. He asked Nam whether he finished his task.
14. The doctor asked his patient: “Why don’t you come earlier?”.
a. The doctor asked his patient why he had not come earlier.
b. The doctor asked his patient why he did not come earlier.
c. The doctor asked his patient why he has not come earlier.
d. The doctor asked his patient why he didn’t go earlier.
15. The teacher asked a school girl: “Whose is this book ?”.
a. The teacher asked a school girl whose was that book.
b. The teacher asked a school girl whose this book was.
c. The teacher asked a school girl whose book was this.
d. The teacher asked a school girl whose that book was.
16. Nam said to his girl-friend: “Let me go please!”.
a. Nam told his girl-friend let him go. b. Nam told his girl-friend: let me go.
c. Nam told his girl-friend let him gone. d. Nam told his girl-friend to let him go.
17. He said to me: “Don’t sit on my chair!”.
a. He said to me not to sit on his chair. b. He told me not to sit on his chair.
c. He said to me not sit on his chair. d. He told me: not to sit on his chair.
18. He asked her: “How do you know my name?”.
a. He asked her how did she knows his name. b. He asked her how she knew his name.
c. He asked her how did she know his name? d. He asked her how does she know his name.
19. She asked me: “ May I smoke?”.
a. She asked me whether I may smoke. b. She asked me whether she might smoke.
c. She asked me whether might she smoke. d. She asked me whether she might smoke?
20. He ordered his soldiers: “Capture of that hill in front of you!”.
a. He ordered his soldiers to capture of that hill in front of them.
b. He ordered his soldiers: capture of that hill in front of you.
c. He ordered his soldiers to capture of that hill in front of them!
d. He ordered his soldiers to capture of this hill in front of them.
21. She told her father_________
a. she can’t follow his advice. b. that she couldn’t follow his advice.
c. that she can’t follow his advice. d. that she can’t followed his advice.
22. She begged me__________
a. that I must stay longer. b. that I must go away. c. I must stay longer. d. to stay longer.
23. The teacher asked his school-girl_____________
a. if she did her homework. b. why doesn’t learn her lesson.
c. why she is so lazy. d. how she had came there.
24. I told them__________
a. to be quiet and make not noise. b. to be quiet and not make noise.
c. to be quiet and not to made noise. d. to be quiet and don’t make noise.
25. She told her mother________
a. don’t give her money. b. not give her money.
c. not to give her money. d. give her money.
26.She asked me___________
a. if I loved her or not. b. if I loved her?
c. if did I love her. d. that I have to loved her.
27. My father said to me that__________
a. I must obey him. b. that I must obey him.
c. that I have to obey him. d. I had to obey him.
28. He told____________
a. his girl-friend not to leave him alone. b. to his girl-friend not to leave him alone.
c. his girl-friend that don’t leave him alone. d. his girl-friend: not to leave him alone.
29. They asked me___________
a. what is the matter ? b. what the matter was.
c. what was the matter. d. what was the matter ?
30. He advised me__________
a. not to go there during the night. b. not go there during the night.
c. not going there during the night. d. don’t go there during the night.
2/ Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
…………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
……..……………………………………………………………
7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
……………..…………………………………………………………
8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”.
…………..…………………………………………………………………
10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
…………………..……………………………………………
11. The teacher said: “I am a teacher”.
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………
12. She said to me “I have a big house”
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
13. She said to me : “I am going to the party”.
..……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
…………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
15. She said: “I have finished my work.”
…..……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
..……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………
18. He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”
..……………………………………………………………………………………………
19. She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
20. He said to me: “I gave him your present.”
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
21. He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
22. My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?”
…………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
23. I asked him: “Which book do you find?”
…..……………………………………………………………………………………………
24. He asked me: “When do you finish your work?”
…………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?”
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
26. She says: “She had a wonderful evening.”
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
27. The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
28. My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
…………………..………………………………………………………………
29. I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
…………………..…………………………………
30. Mai‘s parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party.”
………………..………………………………………
b. Câu ĐIỀU KIỆN:
I. lÝ THUYẾT:
Các trợ động từ hình thái như will, would, can, could thường xuất hiện trong các câu điều kiện. Các câu điều kiện thường chứa từ if (nếu). Có hai loại câu điều kiện là điều kiện có thực và điều kiện không có thực.
1. Điều kiện có thể thực hiện được (điều kiện có thực hay điều kiện dạng I)
Câu điều kiện có thực là câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt một hành động hoặc một tình huống thường xảy ra (thói quen) hoặc sẽ xảy ra (trong tương lai) nếu điều kiện ở mệnh đề chính được thoả mãn. Nếu nói về tương lai, dạng câu này được sử dụng khi nói đến một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được hoặc có thể xảy ra.
--(Nội dung đầy đủ, chi tiết vui lòng xem tại online hoặc đăng nhập để tải về máy)---
ANSWER KEY
A. THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ:
1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
| CÂU HỎI | ĐÁP ÁN | CÂU HỎI | ĐÁP ÁN |
| Câu 1 | A | Câu 26 | A |
| Câu 2 | B | Câu 27 | B |
| Câu 3 | B | Câu 28 | C |
| Câu 4 | B | Câu 29 | C |
| Câu 5 | C | Câu 30 | C |
| Câu 6 | C | Câu 31 | D |
| Câu 7 | A | Câu 32 | C |
| Câu 8 | C | Câu 33 | C |
| Câu 9 | A | Câu 34 | B |
| Câu 10 | C | Câu 35 | A |
| Câu 11 | A | Câu 36 | B |
| Câu 12 | B | Câu 37 | A |
| Câu 13 | C | Câu 38 | A |
| Câu 14 | D | Câu 39 | C |
| Câu 15 | B | Câu 40 | C |
| Câu 16 | D | Câu 41 | B |
| Câu 17 | B | Câu 42 | A |
| Câu 18 | C | Câu 43 | C |
| Câu 19 | A | Câu 44 | B |
| Câu 20 | C | Câu 45 | D |
| Câu 21 | B | Câu 46 | B |
| Câu 22 | D | Câu 47 | A |
| Câu 23 | A | Câu 48 | C |
| Câu 24 | B | Câu 49 | B |
| Câu 25 | C | Câu 50 | C |
B. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
| CÂU HỎI | ĐÁP ÁN | CÂU HỎI | ĐÁP ÁN |
| Câu 1 | B | Câu 21 | B |
| Câu 2 | C | Câu 22 | A |
| Câu 3 | A | Câu 23 | B |
| Câu 4 | D | Câu 24 | C |
| Câu 5 | C | Câu 25 | A |
| Câu 6 | A | Câu 26 | D |
| Câu 7 | A | Câu 27 | B |
| Câu 8 | B | Câu 28 | D |
| Câu 9 | A | Câu 29 | C |
| Câu 10 | A | Câu 30 | C |
| Câu 11 | B | Câu 31 | B |
| Câu 12 | A | Câu 32 | C |
| Câu 13 | C | Câu 33 | C |
| Câu 14 | D | Câu 34 | B |
| Câu 15 | C | Câu 35 | C |
| Câu 16 | B | Câu 36 | C |
| Câu 17 | B | Câu 37 | C |
| Câu 18 | A | Câu 38 | A |
| Câu 19 | C | Câu 39 | A |
| Câu 20 | A | Câu 40 | C |
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses:
1. will/ shall give 11. grow/ will grow
2. would type 12. stopped
3. would have visited 13. would you do
4. attended 14. doesn't hurry
5. knew 15. had tried
6. had arrived 16. wouldn't run
7. had 17. will you promise
8. hadn't seen 18. see
9. studies 19. will arrest
10. would you have accepted 20. had spoken
3. Complete the following sentences:
1. ... I would help the poor.
2. ... he had enough money.
3. ..., I would take you to the circus.
4. ..., he have taken part in the trip with me.
5. ... had studied hard.
6. ... had been free.
7. ..., they would have bought her a new car.
8. ..., he would have met you.
9. ..., we would have gone swimming.
10. ... there were no war.
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