ÔN TẬP KIẾN THỨC CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP TIẾNG ANH 8
I. LÝ THUYẾT
A. Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:
1. Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:
- Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu có các dạng:
"(Don't) + V +.....+ (please)"
"Will/Would/Can/Could + S + (not) +......+ (please)?"
"Would you mind + (not) + V-ing +.....?"
=>S + told/asked/warned (cảnh báo)/begged (cầu xin)/ordered (ra lệnh)/reminded (nhắc nhở)+ O + (not) to-V...
Eg:- "Listen carefully" the teacher said to us.
=>The teacher told/asked us to listen carefully.
-"Don't make noise, Jim" The perfect said.
=>The perfect ordered Jim not to make noise.
-"Would you mind putting out your cigarette?"-said a woman.
=>A woman reminded me to put out my cigatette.
*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật "asked" có dạng:
-"I'd like+........"
-"Can/Could I have+........"
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức:
S+ asked (+O) + for + st +.....
Eg: In the café, the man said: "I'd like a cup of tea".
=>The man asked for a cup of tea.
2. Lời khuyên:
- Lời khuyên có các dạng:
"S+ should (not)/ ought (not) to/ had better (not) + V +........"
"Why don't you + V +......."
"If I were you, I would + V +......."
=>S1 + said + (to + O) + that + S2 + should + V +.......
=>S + advised/ encouraged (khuyến khích) + O + to V +.......
Eg:-"You should run faster" the teacher said.
=>The teacher said that I should run faster.
=>The teacher advised me to run faster.
-"Why don't you take off your coat?" she said.
=>She advised me to take off my coat.
-"If I were you, I would stop smoking" he said.
=>He advised me to stop smoking.
-"Go on, apply for the job" Mrs.Smith said.
=> Mrs. Smith encouraged me to apply for the job"
3. Câu trần thuật:
Câu trần thuật có dạng: "S + V (s/es/ed/pI/pII) +......."
=>S + said + that + S + V (lùi thì) +.........
Eg: "I will have an important contest tomorrow." she said.
=> She said that she would have an important contest the next day.
4. Câu hỏi:
a, Yes/No questions:
Yes/No question có dạng: "Trợ động từ + S + V +.....?"
=>S1 + asked + O + if/ whether + S2(O) + V(lùi thì)+......
Eg: "Do you like SNSD?" Seohyun said to Kyuhyun.
=> Seohyun asked Kyuhyun if/whether he liked SNSD.
b, Wh questions:
Wh questions có dạng: " Wh + trợ động từ + S + V +.....?"
=>S1 + asked + O + Wh + S2 (O) + V (lùi thì) +.......
Eg: "Where will you go tomorrow?" She said.
=>She asked me Where I would go the next day.
5. Lời mời, gợi ý:
a, Lời mời:
Lời mời có dạng: "Would you like + Noun/toV +......?"
=>S + invited + O + toV +......
Eg: "Would you like to come to my birthday party" Su said to Seohyun.
=> Su invited Seohyun to come to his birthday party.
b, Lời gợi ý:
Lời gợi ý có dạng:
"Let's + V +.....!"= "Shall we + V+.....?"
"What/How about + V-ing/N +......?"
"Why don't we/you+ V+....?"
* Nếu chủ ngữ tham gia vào hành động ( "Let's + V +.....!" ; "Shall we + V +.....?" ;
"What/How about + V-ing/N +......?" "Why don't we +V+....?"):
=>S + suggested + V-ing +......
* Nếu chủ ngữ không tham gia vào hành động mà chỉ gợi ý cho người khác. ( "Why don't you+V+....?")
=>S1 + suggested + that + S2 + should + V +......
Eg:-"Let's go to the movies"The boy said.
=>The boy suggested going to the movies.
-"Why don't you go out for a drink?"Trung said to Nga.
=>Trung suggested that Nga should go out for a drink.
c, Những câu có dạng:
"I'll + V + ..... + if you like."
"Shall/Can/Could I + V +....?"
"Would you like me + toV +.....?"
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta sử dụng động từ tường thuật "offered" công thức:
S+ offered + toV +.......+ if you like.
Eg:- "Would you like me to finish the work tonight?
=>I'll finish the work tonight if you like.
=>I offered to finish the work tonight if you like.
-"I'll do your housework for you if you like" she said.
=>She offered to do my housework for me if I liked.
6. Câu cảm thán:
- Câu cảm thán có dạng:
"What + (a/an) + adj + Noun!"
"How + adj + S + V!"
=>S1+exclaimed+that+S2+V/be(lùi thì)+........
Eg: "What a lovely teddy bear!"The girl said.
= "How lovely the teddy bear is!The girl said.
=>The girl exclaimed that the teddy bear was lovely.
7. Lời nhắc nhở:.
"Remember..." Khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc sau:
"Don't forget..." S + reminded + sb + toV +....
Eg: She said to me; "Don't forget to ring me up tomorrow evening"
=> She reminded me to ring her up the next evening.
8. Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course (áp dụng cấu trúc sau):
S + agreed + to V...
Eg: "All right, I'll wait for you" He said.
=> He agreed to wait for me.
9. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả điều mong muốn như: would like, wish. Khi chuyển gián tiếp áp dụng cấu trúc:
S + wanted + O + to V+...
Eg: "I'd like Trung to be a famous person."Trung's English teacher.
=> Trung's English teacher wanted him to be a famous person.
10. Từ chối : S + refused + to V +...
Eg: 'No, I won't lend you my car"
=> He refused to lend me his car.
11. Lời hứa: S + promised to V+.....
Eg: 'I'll send you a card on your birthday"
=> He promised to send me a card on my birthday.
12. Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:
a, Cảm ơn: S + thanked (+O) (for+V-ing/st) +.....
Eg: "It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much," Tom said to you.
=>Tom thanked me for helping him.
b, Xin lỗi: S+ apologized (+to O) + for (+not) + (V-ing/st) +.......
Eg: "I'm sorry I'm late," Peter said.
=>Peter apologized for being late.
13. Chúc mừng:
S + congratulated + O + on + V-ing/st+......
Eg: John said, "I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!"
---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
14. Mơ ước:
S + dreamed + of + V-ing/st+.....
Eg: "I want to pass the exam with flying colours," John said.
=> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
"I've always wanted to be rich, " Bob said .
=> Bob had always dreamed of being rich.
B. Một số lưu ý:
1. Một số trường hợp không đổi thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp:
- Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tương lai đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi
Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult”.
He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult.
- Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện một chân lý hoặc một hành động lặp lại thường xuyên, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi
Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East.
He said, “My father always drinks coffee after dinner”
He said (that) his father always drinks coffee after dinner
- Nếu lúc tường thuật, điểm thời gian được đưa ra trong lời nói gián tiếp vẫn chưa qua, thì của động từ và trạng từ thời gian vẫn được giữ nguyên
Eg: He said, “ I will come to your house tomorrow”
He said (that) he will come to my house tomorrow.
- Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:
Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her”
He said that he would write to her If he knew her address
Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.”
She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle.
Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.”
The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.
Tuy nhiên nếu lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều hiện loại 1 thì được chuyển sang loại 2 ở lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: The advertisement said; “If you answer the questions correctly, you may win one million dollar”
The advertisement said that I might win one million dollar If I answered the questions correctly.
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “wish’
Eg: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “It’s (high/ about) time”
Eg: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”
She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề đi sau ‘would rather, would sooner”
Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home”
She said that she would rather I stayed at hone.
- Không thay đổi thì của:
Could, would, might, should
Ought, had better, need trong câu nói gián tiếp .
Eg: She said; “I could do the homework
She said the she could do the homework
- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định:
Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”
he said that he was born in 1980.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong câu phức có thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema”
She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema.
2. Cách lùi thì:
| Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp | Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp |
| - Hiện tại đơn - Hiện tại tiếp diễn - Hiện tại hoàn thành - Hiện tại hoàn thành TD - Quá khứ đơn - Quá khứ hoàn thành - Tương lai đơn(will) - Is/am/are going to do - Can/may/must | - Quá khứ đơn - Quá khứ tiếp diễn - Quá khứ hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành TD - Quá khứ hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành (không đổi) - would - Was/were going to do - Could/might/had to |
3. Một số trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian phải đổi:
| Câu trực tiếp | Câu gián tiếp |
| Today/ tonight | that day/ that night |
| Yesterday | the day before/ the previous day |
| last month/ night … | the moth before / the previous month/ night |
| Tomorrow | the following day/ the next day |
| this moth | that month |
| The day before yesterday | Two days before |
| The day after tomorrow | In two days’ time |
| next month/ week. .. | the month after / the following month/ week |
| Here | there |
| Now | then |
| Ago | before |
| This | that |
| These | those |
II. BÀI TẬP
Bài tập 1: Hãy chuyển các câu sau từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1.”I am reading a novel”, Nam said.
➔ Nam said____________________________.
2. “I always drinkmilk everyday”, Lan said.
➔ Lan said_____________________________.
3. This boy told me, “My father works in a office”.
➔ This boy told me_______________________.
4. My friends said, “We’ll go to the theater tomorrow”.
➔ My friend said_________________________.
5. Jun said, “They have drunk three cups of tea today”.
➔ Jun said______________________________.
6. “HHHe will arrive before his brother”, Peter told her.
➔ Peter told her______________________________.
7. My teacher told us, “Don’t forget to do this homework”.
➔ My teacher told us______________________________.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1.Where is your younger brother?”, Minh asked me.
➔ Minh asked me______________________________.
2. “Say goodbye to my grandparents”, they said.
➔ They asked me______________________________.
3. “ Did Mr Bean send the letter to you?”, Mai asked him.
➔ Mai asked him______________________________.
4. “Where is the best place to eat pizza?”, Oanh asked.
➔ Oanh asked______________________________.
5. “What do you want for dinner tonight, Ly?”, he asked.
➔ He asked______________________________.
6. Jun asked me, “Did you go to work yesterday?”
➔ Jun asked me______________________________.
7. My sister asked him, “How long have you learnt English?”
➔ My sister asked him__________________________.
8. She wanted to know, “Are you a teacher?”
➔ She wanted to know___________________________.
9. My grandfather asked her, “Does you enjoy your job?”
➔ My grandfather asked her__________________________.
10 .He asked, “When did you buy it?”
➔ He asked me__________________________.
Bài tập 3: Hãy chọn đáp án đúng nhất bên dưới.
1.My father said that Kin _________ married the day before.
A. was getting
B. had got
C. get
D. got
2. Cuong said that he _______ to go to Japan the next week.
A. wanted
B. will want
C. would want
D. had wanted
3. The doctor told me ________ in bed for a few days.
A. to stay
B. stay
C. staying
D. stays
4. “When did you go to the cinema?”
Hung asked her when _________________________.
A.she go to the cinema
B. she had gone to the cinema
C. she went to the cinema
D. she will go to the cinema
5. My mother: “I won’t buy a new car”.
Na: My mother said that she ________________.
A. won’t buy a new car
B. wouldn’t buy a new car
C. buy a new car
D. will buy a new car
6. “Don’t use too much cold water”, his mother said.
➔ His mother told him ________________________.
A.to use too much cold water
B. not to use too much cold water
C. use too much cold water
D. using too much cold water
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài tập 1:
- Nam said that he was reading a novel.
- Lan said that she always drink milk everyday.
- This boy told me that his father works in a office.
- My friend said that they would go to the theater the next day.
- Jun said that thay had drunk three cups of tea that night.
- Peter told her that he would arrive before his brother.
- My teacher told us not to forget to do that homework.
Bài tập 2:
- Minh asked me where my younger brother was.
- They asked me if said goodbye to their grandparents.
- Mai asked him if Mr Bean had sent the letter to him.
- Oanh asked me where the best place to eat pizza was.
- 5. He asked Ly what she wanted for dinner that night.
- Jun asked me if I had gone to work the day before.
- My sister asked him how long he had learnt English.
- She wanted to know if I was a teacher.
- My grandfather asked her if she enjoyed her job.
- He asked me when I had bought it.
Bài tập 3:
- Chọn B (dấu hiệu: the day before chuyển từ yesterday nên lùi thì ở câu gián tiếp)
- Chọn C (dấu hiệu: the next day nên lùi thì ở câu gián tiếp)
- Chọn A (told sb to V)
- Chọn B (lùi thì ở câu gián tiếp)
- Chọn B (lùi thì ở câu gián tiếp)
- Chọn B (told sb not to V)
........
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