ÔN TẬP KIẾN THỨC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2
1. Lý thuyết
1.1. Cấu trúc
If + S + V (chia ở thì quá khứ đơn), S + would/should (not) + V (nguyên thể)
* Lưu ý:
- would not = wouldn't, should not = shouldn't
- If + not = Unless: Trừ khi/ Nếu không
1.2. Cách dùng
Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để giả định về một sự việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ:
If they had a lot of money now, they would travel around the world.
(Nếu bây giờ họ có nhiều tiền, họ sẽ đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới.)
Ta thấy có thời gian ở hiện tại là “now” (bây giờ) và hiểu rằng “bây giờ họ không có nhiều tiền” nên mới đưa ra câu giả định như vậy. Vì thế ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2 để diễn đạt một giả định về một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại.
* Lưu ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, nếu mệnh đề “if” sử dụng động từ “to be” ở thì quá khứ đơn thì ta chỉ sử dụng “to be” là “were” với tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ: If I were you, I wouldn’t stay at home now. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không ở nhà bây giờ.)
2. Bài tập
Exercise 1: Put the verb into the correct form
1) If I was offered the job, I think I (take)…………..it.
2) I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he (refuse)……………
3) Many people would be out of work if that factory (close)……………down.
4) If she sold her car, she (not/get)………….much money for it.
5) They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we (not come)……………….
6) Would George be angry If I (take)……………..his bicycle without asking?
7) Ann give me this ring. She (be)…………….terribly upset if I lost it.
8) If someone (walk)…………..in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.
9) What would happen if you (not go)…………….to work tomorrow?
10) I’m sure she (understand)……………….if you explained the situation to her.
Exercise 2: Make questions or answer the questions with If
1) Perhaps one day a millionaire will ask you to marry him.
What would you do if…………………………………….?
2) Perhaps ne day you will lose your passport in a foreign country?
What……………………………………………………….?
3) Perhaps one day somebody will throw an egg at you.
What…………………………………………………………?
4) Perhaps one day your car will be stolen.
What………………………………………………………….?
5) Perhaps one day somebody will park his car on your foot steps.
What………………………………………………………..?
6) Are you going to catch the 10.30 train? (we / arrive too early)
No, if we caught the 10.30 train,…………………………………
7) Is he going to take the examination? (he / fail it)
No, if……………………………………………………………..
8) Are you going to invite Bill to the party? (I / have to invite Linda too)
No, if……………………………………………………………..
9) Are you going to bed now? (I / not / sleep)
No, if………………………………………………………………
10) Is she going to apply for the job? (she / not / get / it)
No, if………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 3: Read the situation and write a sentence with If
1) I’m not going to buy that mobile phone because it’s too expensive.
2) She doesn’t go out very often because she can’t walk without help
3) He is fat but he doesn’t play sport.
4) We can’t go out for lunch because it’s raining.
5) I can’t see you this Friday because I have to work.
6) Peter lives with his parents because he can’t buy a flat.
7) Mary is sad because she has a small flat.
8) I don’t know his email so I can’t send him an invitation.
9) I am so busy so I don’t have enough time to go to the supermarket.
10) I like to buy a new car but I don’t have enough money.
Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer
1) What would you do if there……………an earthquake?
A. could be B. would be C. were
2) Which sentence is NOT correct?
A. She’d go out more if she would have more free time.
B. If we lived in that house, we could get a dog.
C. If I were you, I’d discuss the situation with my boss.
3) If I had more money, I……….……that television.
A. will buy B. would buy C. bought
4) Which sentence is NOT true of second conditional?
A. It describes an imaginary situation.
B. It describes what will happen in the future.
C. You can use it for daydreaming and wishing.
5) Which reply is correct? “Could you help me fix the car?”
A. If I had time, I’d.
B. I would if I knew how.
C. I’d if I had known how to do it.
6) If he…………….more careful, he wouldn’t keep breaking things.
A. were B. is C. was D. has been
7) I……………..to the wedding if I weren’t so busy.
A. would have gone B. would go C. wouldn’t go D. didn’t go
8) He would be more successful if he …………… a bit more business sense.
A. has B. had had C. have D. had
9) If she…………..English better, she’d be able to get a really good job.
A. speaks B. had spoken C. spoke D. has spoken
10) If we had more staff, we……………..to take on more projects.
A. were able B. will be able C. can be able D. would be able
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1
1) would take 2) refused 3) closed 4) wouldn’t get 5) didn’t come
6) took 7) would be 8) walked 9) didn’t go 10) would understand
Exercise 2:
1) What would you do if a millionaire asked you to marry him?
2) What would you do if you lost your passport in a foreign country?
3) What would you do if somebody throw an egg at you?
4) What would you do if your car was stolen?
5) What would you do if somebody parked his car on your foot steps?
6) If we caught the 10.30 train, we would arrive too early.
7) If he took the examination, he would fail it.
8) If I invited Bill to the party, I would have to invite Linda too.
9) If I went to bed now, I wouldn’t sleep.
10) If she applied for the job, she wouldn’t get it.
Exercise 3:
1) If that mobile phone weren’t so expensive, I would buy it.
2) If she could walk without help, she would go out more often.
3) If he played sports, he wouldn’t be fat.
4) If it weren’t raining, we could be able to gou out for lunch.
5) If I didn’t have to work, I could be able to see you tomorrow.
6) If Peter could buy a flat, he he wouldn’t live with his parents.
7) If Mary didn’t have a small flat, he wouldn’t be sad.
8) If I knew his email, I could send him an invitation.
9) If I weren’t busy, I would have enough time to go to the supermarket.
10) If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.
Exercise 4:
1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) B
6) A 7) B 8) D 9) C 10) D
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