TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM 2017
PHRASE AND CLAUSE OF PURPOSE (MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH)
I/ Clause of Purpose: Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích - So That/In Order That để mà
Form :
| S + V1/s/es + O | So That In Order That | S + can/will + V0 + O |
| S + V2/ed + O | S + could/would + V0 + O |
Lưu ý: Thông thường nếu không có NOT thì dùng can /could còn có NOT thì dùng won't / wouldn't, trừ những trường hợp có ý ngăn cấm thì mới dùng can't/couldn't.
ex 1: I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
ex 2: I study hard so that I won't fail the exam.
ex 3: I hide the toy so that my mother can't see it. (tôi giấu món đồ chơi để mẹ tôi không thể thấy nó -> ngăn không cho thấy )
II/ Phrase of Purpose: cụm từ chỉ mục đích - In Order To/So As To/To để mà
Form : + Inf.
| S + V + O | In Order To So As To To | + V0 |
Lưu ý: Nếu có NOT thì để NOT trước TO, tuy nhiên mẫu TO không áp dụng được trường hợp có NOT.
ex1: I study hard. I want to pass the exam.
-> I study hard in order to / so as to /to pass the exam.
ex2: I study hard. I don't want to fail the exam.
-> I study hard in order not to pass the exam. đúng
-> I study hard so as not to /to pass the exam. đúng
-> I study hard not to pass the exam. sai
III/ Cách nối câu:
1) Dùng SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT:
Ex 1: I’m studying hard. I want to keep pace with my classmates.
--> I’m studying hard so that I can keep pace with my classmates.
| S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O. S1 + V + O so that S2 + can/could/will/would + V0 + O. sau want/ like/ hope là to thì ta bỏ chúng thay bằng can/could/will/would |
Ex 2: Alice prepares her lessons carefully. She wants to get high marks in class.
] ………………………………………………………………………………………………
-Nếu sau các chữ want, like, hope…có túc từ thì lấy túc từ đó ra làm chủ từ.
Ex 3: I give you the book .I want you to read it.
I give you the book so that you can read it.
| S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope +O + to + V0 + O. S1 + V + O so that O->S2 + can/could/will/would + V0 + O. sau want/ like/ hope là O rồi mới đến to thì ta bỏ chúng thay bằng can/could/will/would, sau đó đem O lên thay cho S2 |
Ex 4: Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) Dùng IN ORDER TO/SO AS TO/TO:
| S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O. S1 + V + O In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 + O. (S1 = S2 . Bỏ S2, bỏ luôn want/like/hope + to thêm In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 + O.) |
I study hard .I want to pass the exam.
-> I study hard in order to pass the exam.
| S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope +O + to + V0 + O. S1 + V + O In Order for O To/So As for O To + V0 + O. (S1 = S2 . Bỏ S2, bỏ luôn want/like/hope + to thêm In Order for O To/So As for O To V0 + O.) |
IV.Các dạng bài tập:
1.Dạng bài tập 1: sau want không có tân ngữ
Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ thành 1 câu có cụm từ chỉ mục đích hoặc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
Ex: *Duy gets up early every morning. He wants to learn his lessons.
-->Duy gets up early every morning so as to learn his lessons. (câu này đổi dưới dạng Phrases of purpose).
--> Duy gets up early every morning so that he can learn his lessons. (đổi dưới dạng Clauses of purpose).
* We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people.
--> We learn English in order to have better communication with other people.
--> We learn English so that we will have better communication with other people.
* He was in a hurry. He wanted to catch the bus.
--> He was in a hurry to catch the bus.
--> He was in a hurry in order that he would catch the bus.
2.Dạng bài tập 2: Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau “want” có tân ngữ hoặc túc từ.
Ex: * He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him. (want + túc từ).
--> He gave me his address so that I would visit him. (Clauses of purpose).
*They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation. (“want” + tân ngữ).
--> They whispered in order that no one could hear conversation.
*2 câu trên nếu muốn use phrase of purpose, ta phải theo công thức sau:
in order for + O (túc từ) + to-inf
Ex: * He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.
--> They whispered in order for no one to hear their conversation.
3.Dạng bài tập 3: Đổi một câu từ “phrase of purpose” sang “clauses of purpose” hoặc ngược lại.
Ex: * We hurried to school so as not to be late.
--> We hurried to school so that she wouldn’t be late.
* Thao locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed
--> Thao locked the door so as not to be disturbed.
* He studied hard in order to pass his exam.
--> He studied hard so that he can pass his exam.
3.Dạng bài tâp 4: Hoàn tất câu với “phrase of purpose” hoặc “clause of purpose”.
Ex: * I studied English so that …..
--> They went to Ha Noi to……
(tự hoàn thành câu tuỳ ý thích của các bạn).
* Lưu ý: + Hoàn tất câu trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại (present) thì ta dùng “will/ can” ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
Ex: She needs a job so that she will support her old parents. (cô ấy cần 1 công việc để nuôi bố mẹ cô ta).
(Ở câu trên, ở mệnh đề chính “ She needs a job” là thì hiện tại đơn “present simple” nên ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích chúng ta phải dùng will “she will support her old parents”).
+ Khi động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì “past” thì ta dùng “would/ could” ở mệnh đề “would/ could” ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
Ex: He hurried to the station so that he wouldn’t miss the train.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences using infinitive phrase / clause:
1) People use money so that they can buy things they need. (in order to)
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2) Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe. (in order to)
________________________________________________________________________
3) Mr. Brown is going to the bank to borrow some money. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
4) Alice borrowed an eraser to erase a mistake in his composition. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
5) I need to buy some laundry detergent so that I will wash my clothes. (in order to)
________________________________________________________________________
6) I moved to the front of the room so as to see better. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
7) I came to this school so that I could learn English. (in order to)
________________________________________________________________________
8) He gave her the key for her to open the door. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
9) Mary took her brother to school for him to learn English. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
10) Please arrive early for us to start the meeting on time. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
11) He wrote to David of his interest in science to ask for work. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
12) Kathy built a high wall round her garden for the fruits not to be stolen. (so that )
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13) Tom was playing very softly so that he wouldn’t disturb anyone. (in order not to)
________________________________________________________________________
14) They rushed into the burning house so that they could save the child. (in order to)
________________________________________________________________________
15) Lan often attends English Speaking Club to practice speaking English. (so that )
________________________________________________________________________
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