DIRECTED SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH
PHẦN A: THEORY
I. Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
1. Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu hai chấm (:).
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: “I don’t like this party” Bill said.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dung đúng những từ của người nói.
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party.
II. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “The Sun rises in the East”
My teacher of Geography says (that) the Sun rises in the East.
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O
III. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ
Ex: Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp (Statements in reported speech)
| Statement | Reported speech |
|
S + V + O | said/ to Sb (O) + That + S2V2 S1 + told (O) + That + S2V2 talked + about st * Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed… |
EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after.
Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
| Rule(QTắc) | Direct speech (Trực tiếp) | Reported speech (Gián tiếp) |
|
1. Verbs (Động từ) | Present simple (V/ Vs/es) | Past simple (Ved) |
| Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving) | Past progressive (was/ were+Ving) | |
| Present perfect (have/ has+VpII) | Past perfect (had+VPII) | |
| Past simple (Ved) | Past perfect (had +VpII) | |
| Past progressive (was/ were +Ving) | Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving) | |
| Past perfect | Past perfect | |
| Future simple (will +V) | Future in the past (would +V) | |
| Near future (is/ am/ are +going to+V) | Was/ were +going to +V | |
| 2. Modal verbs | Will Can May Must | Would Could Might Must/Had to |
| 3. Adverb of place | This | That |
| These | Those | |
| Here | There | |
| 4. Adverb of time | Now | Then |
| Today | That day | |
| Yesterday | The day before/ the previous day | |
| The day before yesterday | Two days before | |
| Tomorrow | The day after/ the next (following)day | |
| The day after tomorrow | Two days after/ in two days’ time | |
| Ago | Before | |
| This week | That week | |
| Last week | The week before/ the previous week | |
| Last night | The night before | |
| Next week | The week after/ the following week | |
| 5. Subject /Object | I/ me | She, he/ Her, him |
| We/ our | They/ us | |
| You/ you | I, we/ me, us |
*Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech)
| Order | Reported speech |
|
V + O | Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive S1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive *Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded… |
* Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
| Questions | Reported speech |
| 1. Yes/No questions Auxiliary + S + V + O? (Do/does/did/had/will) |
S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2 |
| 2. Wh – questions WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O?
|
S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2 *Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know… |
* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
EX: 1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.
2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
- My friend said that I had better contact with her.
3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.
He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”
- He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait.
4. Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
1. She said, “My mother arrived on Monday”
- She said that her mother arrived on Monday.
2. He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis”
- He said when he saw them they were playing tennis.
PHẦN B: EXERCISES ON REPORTED SPEECH
I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”
___________________________________________________________
They said, “We are learning English now”
___________________________________________________________
“ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.
___________________________________________________________
“ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend”, she said
___________________________________________________________
“We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said
___________________________________________________________
“ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said
___________________________________________________________
“I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.
___________________________________________________________
“ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students
___________________________________________________________
“ I came back here early yesterday,” she said.
___________________________________________________________
“ I’ve broken the vase,” she said
___________________________________________________________
“ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.
___________________________________________________________
He said to her, “You are my friend.”
___________________________________________________________
Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
___________________________________________________________
“We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren.
___________________________________________________________
Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.
___________________________________________________________
John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.
___________________________________________________________
Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.
___________________________________________________________
“I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend.
___________________________________________________________
He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
________________________________________________
She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
________________________________________________
He said, “I have a toothache.”
________________________________________________
She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
________________________________________________
They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
________________________________________________
He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
________________________________________________
She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
________________________________________________
He said, “I have received the envelope.”
________________________________________________
They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”
________________________________________________
She said, “I feel very sick.”
________________________________________________
He said, “I bought some popcorn.”
________________________________________________
They said, “We’re flying to California.”
________________________________________________
He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.”
________________________________________________
Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”
________________________________________________
“My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said.
________________________________________________
“Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said.
________________________________________________
She said, “I often listen to music at night.”
________________________________________________
Lan’s mother said, “ My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”
________________________________________________
They said, “We have to do the assignments now.”
________________________________________________
Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”
________________________________________________
They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”
________________________________________________
Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
________________________________________________
II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1. My mother told me that she was sad then.
___________________________________________________________
2. One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher.
___________________________________________________________
3. The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day.
___________________________________________________________
4. The film director said that she was willing to work then.
___________________________________________________________
5. The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month.
___________________________________________________________
6. Tom invited me to his birthday party.
______________________________________________
7. She said the doctor had written her a prescription.
________________________________________________
8. He said that he had a toothache.
________________________________________________
9. She said she went to the museum every day.
________________________________________________
10. They said they were going to the supermarket.
________________________________________________
11. She said that the doctor had given her some pills.
________________________________________________.
III Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
________________________________________________
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
________________________________________________
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
________________________________________________
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
________________________________________________
5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
________________________________________________
6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
________________________________________________
7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
________________________________________________
8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
________________________________________________
9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”.
________________________________________________
10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
________________________________________________
11. The teacher said: “I am a teacher”.
________________________________________________
12. She said to me “I have a big house”
________________________________________________
13. She said to me : “I am going to the party”.
________________________________________________
14. She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
________________________________________________
15. She said: “I have finished my work.”
________________________________________________
16. Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
________________________________________________
17. Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
________________________________________________
18. He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”
________________________________________________
19. She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
________________________________________________
20. He said to me: “I gave him your present.”
________________________________________________
21. He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
________________________________________________
22. My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?”
________________________________________________
23. I asked him: “Which book do you find?”
________________________________________________
24. He asked me: “When do you finish your work?”
________________________________________________
25. Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?”
________________________________________________
26. She says: “She had a wonderful evening.”
________________________________________________
27. The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
________________________________________________
28. My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
________________________________________________
29. I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
________________________________________________
30. Mai‘s parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party.
________________________________________________
IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. “Open the door,” he said to them.
-He told them________________________________________________
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
-He asked her where________________________________________________
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
-He asked________________________________________________
4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her.
-I told________________________________________________
5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us.
-She told________________________________________________
6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.
-I asked her________________________________________________
7. “He’s not at home”, she said.
-She said that________________________________________________
8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
-The girl wanted to know________________________________________________
9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said.
-Tom told Ann________________________________________________
10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.
-He asked________________________________________________
11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
-Thomas asked Jean________________________________________________
12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said.
-I told Mary________________________________________________
13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said.
She said that________________________________________________
14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said.
-She said that________________________________________________
15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.
- She asked us________________________________________________
16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.
-He told Jack that________________________________________________
17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
-Tom asked Jean________________________________________________
18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said.
-He said that________________________________________________
19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us.
-He told us________________________________________________
20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.
-I asked him how long________________________________________________
21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
-She wanted to know________________________________________________
22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us.
-She asked us________________________________________________
23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.
-She invited me________________________________________________
24. “Don’t do it again,” she said to them.
She told them________________________________________________
25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.
-She asked________________________________________________
26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said.
-She told.________________________________________________
27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
-Mary asked________________________________________________
28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
- Peter asked if ________________________________________________
29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
-The office manager wondered________________________________________________
30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.
-John advised Elizabeth________________________________________________
31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.
-John accused________________________________________________
32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.
-Mary accused________________________________________________
33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
-The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley________________________________________________
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.
-The doctor advised________________________________________________
35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself.
-Tim wondered________________________________________________
36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.
-Paul apologized________________________________________________
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
- Martha asked Peter when________________________________________________
38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother.
-Anna asked________________________________________________
39. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.
- William’s mother told________________________________________________
40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.
-Mrs. Rogers told________________________________________________
41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George.
-George said________________________________________________
42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.
-Martin apologized________________________________________________
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
-The landlady asked________________________________________________
44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.
-Mary asked________________________________________________
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.
-The notice said that________________________________________________
46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
-I asked________________________________________________
47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me ________________________________________________
48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys.
-The teacher told the boys________________________________________________
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
- The interviewer asked________________________________________________
50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness.
- The officer wanted to know________________________________________________
-The end-
ĐÁP ÁN
I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1. She said that she couldn’t fine her umbrella
2. They said that they were learning English then
3. Tom said that his friend is coming the following week
4. She said that she would help her mum with housework that weekend
5. They said that they could overcome that difficulty
6. My friend said that her father was a doctor there
7. The boy said to his neighbor that he was going on holiday the next day
8. The teacher said to his students that you would have to finish all those exercises before the following week
9. She said that she had come back there early the day before
10. She said that she had broken the vase
11. The boy said to the girl that he would never see her again
12. He said to her that she was his friend
14. The children said that they were waiting for the school bus
15. Marry said that her father had died the previous year
16. John said that he had finished studying his lesson
17. Mary said to John that she couldn’t go to the movies with him
18. Mary said to her friend that she could expect to see her the following Wednesday.
19. He said that he didn’t know what happened
20. She said that she had gone to the doctor the day before
21. He said that he had a toothache
22. She said that she would write him a prescription
23. They said that they were doing to the drugstore
24. He said that the doctor had given him some pills
25. She said that she went to the supermarket every day
26. He said that he had received the envelope
27. They said that they had visited Cannery Row
28. She said that she felt very sick
29. He said that he had bought some popcorn
30. They said that they were flying to California
31. He said that he was cutting off the main valve
32. Nam said that his uncle often planted the vegetables in the afternoon
33. She said that her uncle wouldn’t plant the vegetables the next day afternoon
34. Nga said that Mr and Mrs Pike had just read those newspapers
35. She said that she often listened to music at night
36. Lan’s mother said that her daughter usually brushed her teeth before meals
37. They said they had to do the assignments then
38. Lan says her sister seldom rode a bike to school
39. They said that their teacher sometimes explained the difficult lesson
40. Nam said that he was doing his homework then
II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1. My mother said, “ I am sad now”
2. One of my friends said, “I like learning English with my teacher”
3. The doctor said, “I can leave the hospital today”
4. The film director said “I am willing to work now”
5. The teacher said to his students, “You will be busy next month”
6. “Would you like to come to my birthday party?” Tom asked me
7. She said, “The doctor wrote me a prescription”
8. He said “I have a toothache”
9. She said, “I go to the museum every day”
10. They said, “ we are going to the supermarket”
11. She said, “the doctor gave me some pills”
IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. He told them to open the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.
5. She told us not to try to open it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.
12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.
15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not to keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.
21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
23. She invited me to come to her party.
24. She told them not to do it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.
26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back.
40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.
41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.
44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident to the police.
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