CHUYÊN ĐỀ LOẠI TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1. Lý thuyết
1.1. Chức năng của từ Ioại
1.1.1. Danh từ (nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau
a. Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu,sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Ex: Maths is the subject I like best.
Yesterday Lan went home at midnight.
b. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful....
Ex: She is a good teacher.
His father works in hospital.
c. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ
Ex: I like English.
We are students.
D. Sau “enough”
Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.
e. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,.....
(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun)
Ex: This book is an interesting book.
f. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at......
Ex: Thanh is good at literature.
1.1.2. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
a. Trước danh từ: Adj + N
Ex: My Tam is a famous singer.
b. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj
Ex: She is beautiful
Tom seems tired now.
Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj
Ex: He makes me happy
c. Sau “too”: S + tobe/seem/look....+ too +adj...
Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
d. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough...
Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball.
e. Trong cấu trúc so...that: tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj + that
Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home
f. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh (lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as....as)
Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish.
Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class.
g. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V/ What + (a/an) + adj + N
1.1.3. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
a. Trước động từ thường (nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tàn suất: often, always, usually, seldom....)
Ex: They often get up at 6am.
b. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường
Ex: I have recently finished my homework.
c. Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look...và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look... + adv + adj
Ex: She is very nice.
d. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv
Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly.
e. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough
Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.
f. Trong cấu trúc so....that: V(thường) + so + adv + that
Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
1.1.4. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề).
Ex: My family has five people.
I believe her because she always tells the truth.
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
1.2. Cách nhận biết từ loại trong tiếng Anh
1.2.1. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness...........
1.2.2. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing
Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring
1.2.3. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ
Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ
Adj Adv
good well
late late/lately
ill ill
fast fast
2. Bài tập
1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car.
a. decide
b. decision
c. decisive
d. Decisively
2. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident .
a. carefully
b. careful
c. caring
d. Careless
3. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .
a. relations
b. Relatives
c. relationship
d. Related
4. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a ……….
a. biology
b. biologist
c. biological
d. biologically
5. She takes the …….. for running the household.
a. responsibility
b. responsible
c. responsibly
d. responsiveness.
6. We are a very close-nit family and very ….. of one another.
a. supporting
b. supportive
c. support
d. supporter
7. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible
b. responsibility
c. responsibly
d. irresponsible
8. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology
b. biological
c. biologist
d. biologically
9. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in __.
a. agree
b. agreeable
c. agreement
d. Agreeably
10. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide
b. confident
c. confidently
d. Confidence
11. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry
b. married
c. marriageable
d. marriage
12. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
a. diverse
b. diversity
c. diversify
d. diversification
13. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife or husband.
a. attractive
b. attraction
c. attractiveness
d. attractively
14. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
a. rude
b. rudeness
c. rudely
d. rudest
15. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite
b. politely
c. politeness
d. impoliteness
16. He is unhappy because of his --------------.
a. deaf
b. deafen
c. deafness
d. Deafened
17. His country has -------------- climate.
a. continent
b. continental
c. continence
d. Continentally
18. She has a -------------- for pink.
a. prefer
b. preferential
c. preferentially
d. Preference
19. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.
a. widely
b. wide
c. widen
d. Width
20. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.
a. comfort
b. comfortable
c. comforted
d. Comfortably
21. English is the language of --------------.
a. communicative
b. communication
c. communicate
d. communicatively
22. I have to do this job because I have no --------------.
a. choose
b. choice
c. choosing
d. Chosen
23. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo.
a. instruct
b. instructors
c. instructions
d. Instructive
24. He did some odd jobs at home --------------.
a. disappointment
b. disappoint
c. disappointed
d. Disappointedly
25. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------.
a. harm
b. harmful
c. harmless
d. Unharmed
26. During his --------------, his family lived in the United State.
a. child
b. childhood
c. childish
d. Childlike
27. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure.
a. interest
b. interestedly
c. interesting
d. interested
28. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it.
a. prepare
b. preparation
c. preparing
d. Prepared
29. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------.
a. convenient
b. convenience
c. conveniently
d. Convene
30. She is -------------- in her book.
a. absorbed
b. absorbent
c. absorptive
d. Absorb
31. As she is so -------------- with her present job, she has decided to leave.
a. satisfy
b. satisfied
c. satisfying
d. unsatisfied
ĐÁP ÁN
1 - b; 2 - a; 3 - b; 4 - b; 5 - a;
6 - b; 7 - b; 8 - a; 9 - c; 10 - b;
11 - d; 12 - c; 13 - b; 14 - a; 15 - a;
16 - c; 17 - b; 18 - d; 19 - a; 20 - b;
21 - b; 22 - b; 23 - c; 24 - d; 25 - c
26 - b; 27 - c; 28 - b; 29 - b; 30 - a; 31 - d
........
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