Chuyên đề các dạng bài tập tự luận môn Tiếng Anh 12

CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÁC DẠNG BÀI TỰ LUẬN MÔN TIẾNG ANH 12

A. KHÁI QUÁT CHUYÊN ĐỀ

Dạng bài tự luận là gì?

Có hai dạng test thường gặp là selected-response test và constructed-response test. 

+ Selected-response test yêu cầu thí sinh chọn câu hỏi đúng từ các lựa chọn cho sẵn và bao gồm các loại đề như true/false (chọn đúng/sai), matching (nối hai cột) hay MCQ (trắc nghiệm).

+ Constructed-response test yêu cầu thí sinh tự đưa ra câu trả lời và bao gồm các dạng như điền vào chỗ trống (fill-in-the-blanks), biến đổi câu (transformation)…

Vậy tự luận chính là constructed-response test.

Các đề thi tự luận trước đây

Chia động từ trong đoạn văn

B. VÍ DỤ MINH HỌA TỪNG DẠNG

Question I. Put in the correct tense of each verb in brackets (2.0 p).

A. -John ..... (1. lose) his job last month and since then he ..... (2. be) out of work.

- Do you know why he ..... (3. lose) his job?

- Because he ..... (4. be) very rude to his boss.

B. Yesterday morning, when I .....(1. arrive) at the airport, Sophie ....(2. wait) for me. She .....

(3. wear) a pink dress and ..... (4. look) very pretty.                            

QUESTION I: Put each verb in brackets in the correct tense (1.5p)

A. Yesterday Ann introduced me to her husband. As I 1. (see) him, I 2. (know) that I 3. (meet) him before. We went to primary school together.

B. When she 1. (go) out of the house this morning, she 2. (take) her umbrella because it 3. (rain)                         

Biến đổi từ loại (Word forms)

Question III. Give the correct form of the words in brackets (1.5 p).

1. It is ........ (REASONABLE) to regard any language as the possession of a particular nation.

2. If you need any help, you can ask Tom. He’s very .......................... (HELP).

3. My daughter spends two hours .......................... (STUDY) mathematics every day.

4. The city has been .......................... (POLLUTE) with toxic waste from local factories.

5. They have tried to increase .................... (PRODUCE) by using better methods and tools.

6. I have a .......................... (TEND) to talk a lot whenever I am nervous.                                                                        

QUESTION III: Give the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the following sentences (1.5p).

1. Lasers can be used to treat..... (deaf)

2. Smoking can cause..... diseases. (danger)

3. Fertilizers can help..... the soil. (rich)

4. Hundreds of..... have been involved in the research. (science)

5. Nitric oxide is..... poisonous. (high)

6. The man took his..... time over a smoke. (comfort)                                                         

Điền khuyết (cloze test)

Question V. Fill in each space with a suitable word (1.0p).

British and American English have a lot of words which look the same but have different meanings. Nobody ever gets ....(.1)...trouble if they make a mistake, although you may get a strange look if you ask for the wrong clothes. There are some American English words that the British don’t use at .... (2).... . However, most of the .... (3).... between British and American English are small. You can usually understand what words .....(4)..... from the context.

CÂU III (1 điểm). Điền một từ thích hợp vào mỗi chỗ trống được đánh số trong đoạn văn sau:

Rivers are one of the world's most important natural 1. _____. Many cities are on large rivers, and almost every country 2. _____ at least one river that plays an important part 3. ____the lives of its people. Besides transportation, rivers supply food, water for crops, water to drink, 4. _____ opportunities for recreation.                                                      

Làm câu với từ gợi ý

CÂU VI (0,5 điểm).Dùng từ/cụm từ gợi ý để viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh:

1. Conservation/ safeguarding/ preservation/ natural resources//

2. When/ woman/ man/ introduced/ shaking hands/ up to/ woman//                                                                     

Question VII: Use the suggested words to make complete sentences (1p).

1. Language/not/private property/those/use it//

2. Many foods/drinks/sold/plastic bottles/boxes/which/reused//                                                                     

Biến đổi câu

Question VI. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence (2.0 p).

1. "Please sit down,” the teacher said to me.

The teacher asked me .................................... .

2. Let’s go camping tomorrow.

Why don’t ................................................?

3. I fell asleep because the film was boring.

The film was so ................................................. .

4. “ What are you doing?”, she asked me.

She wondered ...................................................................

5. Cars cause pollution but people still want them.

Although.............................................................................

6. Please don’t play your music so loudly.

Would you mind..................................... ......................?

7. I don’t find it difficult to get up early in the morning.

I am used ..................................................................................

8. Larry didn’t buy the shirt because she didn’t have enough money.

If Larry ...............................................................................................                                                         

Question VI: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence (2p).

1 “Study hard, boys”

She told the boys......

2. The coat is too small for him to wear.

The coat isn’t....

3. “Let’s get together next Saturday”

How about....?

4. John didn’t go to work because he was seriously ill.

If.....

5. It was such a boring film that she fell asleep.

The film was...

6. Today American women often earn their own money

Today American women are used...

7. Many years ago people believed the earth was flat.

Many years ago the earth...

8. I’ll give Nick a map. I want him to find the way all right.

I’ll give Nick the map so....                                                   

Các dạng bài tự luận trong SGK điển hình

READING-VOCABULARY

Answer the questions:

Task 2. Answer the questions.

1. How busy are the parents in the passage?

2. How caring is the mother?

3. How do the father and the daughter share the household chores?

4. What is the daughter attempting to do after secondary school?

5. Why do the children feel they are safe and secure in their family?

                                                                                                                        (Unit 1- Page 14)

Explain the meaning of the words given:

Task  1. Explain the meaning of the italicized words/ phrases in the following sentences.

1. Love is supposed to follow marriage, not precede it.

2. A survey was made to determine their attitudes toward love and marriage.

3. They agree that it is unwise to confide in their wives.

4. An Indian woman has to sacrifice more in a marriage than a man.

5. A husband is obliged to tell his wife where he has been.

                                                                                                            (Unit 2- page 22)

Or find words/phrases which have the meanings given:

Task  1. Find words or phrases in the reading passage which have the following meanings.

1. Schools in which all children can attend without paying tuition fees

2. A stage of study for children aged from 5 to 10

3. A stage of study for children aged from 11 to 16

4. Put into force by the law

5. The examinations children sit at the end of compulsory education

6. A detailed plan for a course of study offered in a school or college

                                                                                                            (Unit 4- page 46)

Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s) from the reading passage:

Task 2. Complete the following sentences, using the information from the passage.

1.  Water  polo  is  played  in  a  pool  ______metres  deep,______long and            wide.

      2.  The home team wears____, the visiting team wears____and the goalies wear ____.

3. Both teams sprint for the ball from                                  .

4. A free throw is awarded for minor fouls, such as                                .

5. A game is divided into quarters ranging from                            in length.

                                                                                                            Unit 12- page 130

SPEAKING

Giving compliments or responding to compliments

Task 2. Work with a partner.  Practise giving compliments to suit the responses. Use the cues below.

David:                                                                                             . (dress)

Kathy:     I’m glad you like it. I bought it at a shop near my house a few days ago.

Hung:                                                                                     . (motorbike)

Hien:       Thanks, Hung. I think I’ve finally found the colour that suits me.

Michael:                                                                                  . (badminton)

Colin:      You must be kidding! I thought the game was terrible.

Task 3. Work in pairs. Practise responding to the compliments below.

Phil:         You’re a great dancer, Huong. I wish I could do half as well as you.

You:                                                                                                              .

Peter:       I didn’t know you could play the guitar so well, Toan. Your tune was lovely!

You:                                                                                                              .

Tom:        Your English is better than many Americans, Hanh. I really enjoy your public speaking.

You:                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                    Unit 3- page33

Making questions for the answers given:

Task  1.  Work  in  pairs.  Complete  the  following  conversation  and practise reading it.

A: What                                                                                         ?

B: Well, I like reading all sorts of books. Short stories, science fiction, romance, everything.

A: How                                                                                         ?

B: Well, I often read through the book quickly first. Then I start reading it again, and this time very slowly to enjoy every detail of it.

A: When                                                                                         ?

B: I read books whenever I have a little free time. I also read while waiting for the bus or during the break at school.

                                                                                                            Unit 11- page 122

LISTENING

Task 2. Listen again and note down two things that are different about

Paul’s and Andrea’s families.

Paul

Andrea

                                                                                                (Unit 1- page 17)

Task 1. Listen to the passage and fill in the missing information.

1. The wedding day is carefully chosen by the                                         .

2. The gifts are wrapped in                                                       .

3. The wedding ceremony starts in front of the                                 .

4. Food and drinks are served                                    .

5. The guests give the newly wedded couples envelopes containing____and____ .

                                                                                                                        (Unit 2- page 25)

Task 2. Listen to part of Ms Linda Cupple’s talk again and write the missing words.

Calling hours should be (1)                   upon. If your parents object to your leaving the dinner table to take calls, tell your friends (2)_______ calling at that hour; if someone does phone, ask him to call back, or offer to call him when dinner’s over.

                                                                                                                        (Unit 3-page 35)

WRITING

Make sentences with cues:

Task 1. Use the words to make sentences. Change the form of the verb. (No addition or omission is required)

1. there/ be/ many ways/ tell someone/goodbye,/ most of/ them/depend/ on the situation/ and/ at hand.

2. however/ there/ be/ one rule/ that/ all situations/ observe: abruptly/  we/ seldom/ say goodbye.

3. in/ English/ it/ be/ necessary/ prepare/ a person/ for our departure.

                                                                                                                        Unit 3-page 36

Ordering

A. But if the teacher stops and waits for him to say something, he could apologize simply “I’m sorry I’m late”, ask permission to take his seat and sit down.

B. What does he do? The most polite action is usually to take a seat as quietly as possible and apologize later.

C. The simplest way to apologize is to say “I’m sorry.”

D. Naturally, more than this is needed, but it is not the time for it because it has already caused some interruption and doesn’t need to make it any longer.

E. Let’s take a common situation. Tom is late for class and enters the classroom.

            1. _________ 2._________ 3. __________ 4. _____________ 5.___________

                                                                                                                        Unit 3-page 37

Write a paragraph using the information given (unit 4-page 49)

Write a letter of request with the information given (unit 5- page 58)

Write a letter to apply for a job (unit 6-page 69)

Write a short passage about the ideal world (unit 8-page 90)

Write a short paragraph about the solutions to protect the environment (unit 10-page 113)

Write about a book you have just read (unit 11-page 125)

Write about a football match (unit 13-page 143)

Write about your reasons to choose an international organization to work for (unit 14-page 158)

Describe a chart (unit 15-page 168)

Write a friendly letter (unit 16-page 180)

GRAMMAR POINTS

CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ

VIẾT LẠI CÂU, DÙNG TỪ GỢI Ý:

B. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same  meaning as the original sentence. (1 point)

1. “What  did  you  do  before  working  for  this  company,  John?” asked Lan.

Lan asked                                                                                                .

2. “I’ll come to see you next Sunday,” Bill said to you.

Bill promised                                                                                            .

3. “I’m sorry I didn’t ring you earlier,” Tom said to you.

Tom apologized for                                                                                 .

4. “It was nice of you to give me the present. Thank you,” Miss White said to Peter.

                 Miss White thanked       _________________________________.

                                                                                                            Test yourself A- page 43

BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU

Passive voice

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.

1. They built this school in 1997.

2. They first published this dictionary in 1870.

3. The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening.

                                                                                                            (unit 4-page 50)

Reported speech (unit 3-page 39)

Tell your friend what Thuan said:

1. Thuan said he was going to work in Ho Chi Minh City the next July.

2. Thuan said  .

Conditional sentences (unit 5-page 60)

Exercise 2. Express these situations using conditional sentence type II.

1. She doesn’t have a car. She doesn’t go out in the evening.

If she had a car, she would go out in the evening.

2. Sarah doesn’t study hard. She hates school.

3. I can’t do the test. It is too difficult.

4. Peter doesn’t read a lot. He can’t find the time.

Relative clauses and reduced relative clauses (unit 6- page 71)

Join the following sentences in two ways.

1. I read a book. It was written by a friend of mine.

2. A man got on the bus. He was carrying a lot of money in a box.

3. In the street there were several people. They were waiting for the shop to open.

HOÀN THÀNH CÂU:

Conditional sentences (unit 5-page 59)

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using conditional sentence type I.

            2. You won’t be able to get into the examination room if                     

            3. If you don’t send the application form on time,                                 

Double comparison (unit 12-page 146, 147)

Exercise  2.  Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative + and + comparative with the words in brackets.

It is becoming      to find a job. (hard)

It is becoming harder and harder to find a job.

Exercise 3. Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure: the + comparative, the + comparative. Choose a suitable half- sentence from the box.

1. The warmer the weather                                                         

2. The more you practise your English                                     

3. The longer he waited                                                              

4. The more electricity you use                                                 

Adverbial clauses of time (unit 16- page 182, 183)

Exercise 1. Complete each of the following sentences

1. She’ll phone you                                                                      .

2.                                              we started rebuilding the country.

3. They met a lot of people                                                    .

4.                                       don’t forget to turn off the lights.

5. I’ll stay                                              .

ĐIỀN KHUYẾT:

Relative clauses (unit 6- page 70)

Exercise1. Add who, whoever, whose, whom or which to complete the following sentences.

1.    There is one person to            I owe more than I can say.

2.    It was the kind of accident for            nobody was really to blame.

3.              leaves last should turn off the lights.

4. Mary was late yesterday,              was unusual for her.

5. At 6.00 pm,  _____was an hour before the plane was due, thick fog descended.

Modals (test yourself D- page 117)

Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t or needn’t.

1.  DOCTOR: You  ____go on a diet; but you  _____eat sensibly and you  ____overeat.

2. ZOO NOTICE: Visitors  ___________feed the animals.

Articles (unit 8-page 92)

Exercise 2. Put a/an, the or φ  in each space to complete the following sentences.

We went by        train to the west of England.
______Columbus was one of   first people to cross              Atlantic.

Phrasal verbs (unit 14.15- page 160, 161, 170,171)

Exercise 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition if necessary.

I’m not going out yet. I’m waiting  for the rain to stop.

1. You’re always asking me          money. Ask somebody else for a change.

2. I’ve applied  ___ a job at the factory. I don’t know if I’ll get it.

3. If I want a job at the factory, who do I apply              ?

C. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

WORD FORMS

UNIT 1

Is there intelligent ______________ on other planets? (live)

He showed a ______________interest in politics (live)

The body was cold and showed no signs of ______________. (live)

It’s ______________for me to be there before eight. I have too many things to do. (possible)

There is now no ______________that she will make a full recovery. (possible)

Be ______________of the dog, it sometimes bites people (care)

It was ______________of me to leave the door open. (care)

Most of hippies drive very ______________. (care)

______________in filling a description could cost a life. (care)

All pilots are ______________for their passengers' safety. (responsible)

They have ______________for ensuring that the rules are enforced. (responsible)

He is so ______________for that damage. (responsible)

I ate a ______________breakfast and left. (hurry)

The evening passed ______________. (enjoy)

He has acted in ______________to the law (obedient)

she has been very ______________during my illness. (support)

There’s no simple ______________to this problem. (solve)

They carried out ______________checks at the airport. (secure)

It is dangerous to lend money without ______________. (secure)

She was chosen for the job on the ______________of her qualifications. (base)

The teacher wants the children to feel ______________about asking questions when they don’t understand .(confidently)

UNIT 2

My interests are very ______________.(diversity)

The children are taught to respect different ______________. (culture)

The room looks ______________without the furniture. (differently)

It’s ______________in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day. (tradition)

My parents are celebrating 30 years of ______________. (marry)

I’m not interested in a romantic relationship. (romance)

They felt a strong mutual ______________. (attract)

Her face was ______________made up. (attract)

We need a ______________on this by next week. (decide)

She has played a ______________role in the peace negotiations.(decide)

I'm not a permanent employee; I'm working here on a fixed- term ______________. (contractual)

His marriage is ______________. (contract)

He congratulated them on their ______________of a plan to meet the emergency. (develop)

I’m ______________to succeed. (determine)

I received an encouraging ______________to my advertisement. (respond)

The book provides ______________information on recent trends. (value)

She had been a ______________in her day (beautify)

His first ______________on stage was at the age of three (appear)

It was very ______________of you to send the flowers. (think)

I question the ______________of giving a child so much money. (wise)

Don’t you believe in ______________between men and women? (equal)

Are we in ______________about the price? (agree)

They are ______________to sell their house in order to pay their debts. (oblige)

The club provides a wide variety of ______________including tennis, swimming and squash. (act)

UNIT 3

______________is a process of learning to relate to and interact with others (socialize)

Don’t pay any ______________to what they say. (attend)

They are a small but ______________pressure group. (noise)

Team sports help to develop a child’s ______________skills. (society)

Please call if you require ______________. (assist)

This leaflet is produced for the ______________of our customers (inform)

The proposals are still under ______________. (consider)

Children must learn socially ______________behaviour. (accept)

We all are satisfied with his ______________.(polite)

UNIT 4

You have to do well ______________to get into medical school.(academic)

A sentence can be ______________up into meaningful segments. (divide)

She completed her formal ______________in 1995. (educate)

The talk was both ______________and entertaining. (inform)

These buildings are part of our ______________heritage. (nation)

UNIT 5

The news caused great ______________among her friends. (excite)

I can’t think of any possible ______________for his absence. (explain)

I was unaware of his ______________until now. (exist)

She lives alone and often feels ______________. (loneliness)

What ______________me is how long she managed to hide it from us. (amaze)

It was a really ______________moment (scare)

He gave me a ______________job. (challenge)

She’s very ______________—she writes poetry and paints. (create)

I've only (a) limited ______________of computers. (know)

The government is responsible for the ______________of medical services (provide)

UNIT 6

You can't pass an exam without ______________. (prepare)

I chose it on his ______________.  (advise)

She was very ______________in the interview. (impress)

There’s a ______________in the accounts department.(vacant)

Successful ______________will receive notification within the week. (apply)

There was a worried ______________on her face. (express)

I'll be ______________to know what happens.(interest)

Thousands of young people are facing long-term ______________. (employ)

In ______________to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. (add)

He left school with no formal ______________. (qualify)

He’s very ______________in looking after animals. (experience)

She has a very close ______________with her sister. (relate)

There are only 4 ______________for this job.(interview)

I found it hard to keep my ______________with such a noise going on (concentrate)

She answered all my questions with her usual ______________. (honest)

We offer free ______________support for those buying our software. (technique)

It was a ______________time for all of us. (stress)

She never lost her ______________for teaching. (enthusiastic)

UNIT 8

You don’t have to be a ______________to realize that we’re in trouble. (pessimistic)

She’s not very ______________about the outcome of the talks. (optimist)

It would be more ______________to buy the bigger size. (economy)

She felt very ______________about the future. (depress)

At last they were able to feel ______________about the future. (security)

I traded my computer in for a more ______________model. (power)

She was standing ______________close to the fire. (danger)

Her explanation certainly sounded ______________. (believe)

The form should be signed by a person who is ______________qualified. (medicine)

Such changes have not been seen since the ______________of the printing press. (invent)

The invention of computers is a major ______________breakthrough (technology)

There is a wide ______________of patterns to choose from. (vary)

It was a remarkable ______________for such a young player. (achieve)

They built a car that runs on ______________. (electric)

There's no ______________of snow tonight. (expect)

This book ______________little to our understanding of the subject. (contribution)

UNIT 10

The sea turtle is an ______________species.(endanger)

The mountain gorilla is on the verge of ______________. (extinct)

These ancient woodlands are under ______________from new road developments. (threaten)

Passengers were asked to ______________their own suitcases before they were put on the plane. (identification)

Many animal are in danger because of the ______________of many forests.(destroy)

We have to take measure to reduce levels of environmental ______________. (pollute)

Starvation and poverty are the result of global economic ______________, not lack of resources. (exploit)

The play was a ______________success. (commerce)

Work has begun on the ______________of the new airport. (construct)

Costs have been ______________by 20% over the past year. (reduce)

The raw sewage is ______________treated. (chemistry)

Don't drink the water - it's ______________. (contaminate)

Road development in the area has been severely affected by the ______________programmes of the council. (conserve)

Exporting is necessary for our economic ______________. (survive)

UNIT 11

It is only ______________to do what is allowed by the law. (advise)

I’ve had a few ______________nights recently. (sleep)

The man was ______________as tall and dark, and aged about 20. (describe)

She got the door open, but only with some ______________. (difficult)

I found the talk both informative and ______________. (entertain)

It gives me a great ______________to welcome our speaker (please)

It’s ______________what you can do when you have to. (wonder)

UNIT 12

They resent foreign ______________in the internal affairs of their country. (interfere)

This room is twice the ______________of the kitchen.  (long)

We produce cheaper goods than our ______________. (compete)

UNIT 13

She performed the surgery successfully. (succeed)

I did not get the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. (impress)

Young men join the people's army ______________. (enthusiast)

People of different religions living in ______________coexistence. (peace)

He has been an active ______________in the discussion. (participate)

What points can be raised in ______________of this argument? (defend)

He knew I was ______________and dynamic and would get things done. (energy)

She gave the greatest ______________of her career. (perform)

Surprisingly, no one came .(surprise)

You've to be highly ______________to do well in sport nowadays. (compete)

UNIT 14

They are calling for ______________aid to the war zone. (human)

She is ______________to her job. (dedicate)

Lowering interest rates could have ______________consequences for the economy. (disaster)

Her ______________into the world of marketing is good. (initiate)

The organization has grown enormously since its ______________in 1955. (found)

His ______________to his wife and family is touching. (devote)

There are various ______________available for this condition. (treat)

He asked to be put under police ______________. (protect)

They judged that the time was right for the ______________of new terms for the trade agreement. (propose)

There is still room for ______________in your work. (improve)

Many elderly people live in ______________. (poor)

After some ______________he agreed. (hesitate)

How could he ______________on such starvation wages? (survival)

Communities on the island depended on whaling for their ______________. (lively)

UNIT 15

The building is of ______________importance. (history)

Environmental damage threatens the whole of ______________. (civilize)

I don’t have anything ______________to wear for the party. (suit)

He spoke openly about his ______________with the actress. (involve)

What are your ______________sympathies? (politics)

There should be closer links between ______________and industry. (educate)

The expansion of the factory will mean the ______________of sixty extra workers. (employ)

They carried out research into the roles of men and women in today’s ______________. (social)

The hotel is a comfortable and well-run ______________. (establish)

There are strong ______________for and against capital punishment. (argue)

The movie is ______________on a real-life incident. (base)

The new drug has great ______________for the treatment of the disease. (significant)

UNIT 16

Where is the ______________picture? (origin)

They tried to get into the club but were refused ______________.(admit)

His book describes the ______________of nationalism in Germany before the Second World War. (grow)

He is ______________to her by marriage. (relate)

We need new ______________to sell. (produce)

His music is an ______________of tradition and new technology. (integrate)

This country needs ______________in education. (invest)

Tokyo and New York are major ______________centres. (finance)

He likes to study ______________in university.(forest)

We need to be more ______________about this problem .(science)

The area is heavily dependent on ______________. (tourist)

I have noticed a number of ______________in this town. (improve)

WORD FORMS- KEYS

UNIT 1

life

lively

life

impossible

possibility

careful

careless

carelessly

Carelessness

responsible

responsibility

irresponsible

hurried

enjoyably

obedience

supportive

solution

security

security

basis

confident

UNIT 2

diverse

cultures

different

traditional

marriage

romantic

attraction

attractively

decision

decisive

contract

contractual

development

determined

response

valuable

beauty

appearance

thoughtful

wisdom

equality

agreement

obliged

activities

UNIT 3

Socialization

attention

noisy

social

assistance

information

consideration

acceptable

politeness

UNIT 4

academically

divided

education

informative

national

UNIT 5

excitement

explanation

existence

lonely

amazes

scary

challenging

creative

knowledge

provision

UNIT 6

preparation

advice

impressive

vacancy

applicants

expression

interested

unemployment

addition

qualifications

experienced

relationship

interviewees

concentration

honesty

technical

stressful

enthusiasm

UNIT 8

pessimist

optimistic

economical

depressed

secure

powerful

dangerously

believable

medically

invention

technological

variety

achievement

electricity

expectation

contributes

UNIT 10

endangered

extinction

threat identify

destruction

pollution

exploitation

commercial

construction

reduced

chemically

contaminated

conservation

survival

UNIT 11

advisable

sleepless

described

difficulty

entertaining

pleasure

wonderful

UNIT 12

interference

length

competitors

UNIT 13

successfully

impression

enthusiastically

peaceful

participant

defence

energetic

performance

Surprisingly

competitive

UNIT 14

humanitarian

dedicated

disastrous

initiation

foundation

devotion

treatments

protection

proposal

improvement

poverty

hesitation

survive

livelihood

UNIT 15

historical

civilization

suitable

involvement

political

education

employment

society

establishment

arguments

based

significance

UNIT 16

original

admission

growth

related

products

integration

investment

financial

forestry

scientific

tourism

improvements

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