Chuyên đề Adjectives

CHUYÊN ĐỀ ADJECTIVES

PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT

I. Definition: Words that denote colours, sizes, shapes, weights, characteristics, quality, quantity, and states of things, persons, actions, etc. Là từ dùng để chỉ màu sắc, kích cỡ, hình dạng, trọng lượng, đặc điểm, chất lượng, số lượng, và trạng thái của sự vật, hiện tượng.

Kinds (Classification): phân loại
Main kinds: phân loại chính
Demonstrative: (tính từ chỉ định) this, that, those, these.

e.g. This book is mine and that is yours.

I’d like to have a look at those shoes, please.

Distributive: (tính từ phân phối) each, every, either, neither.
g. Each room has its own TV set.

We care for every client there.

Quantitative: (tính từ chỉ số lượng) some, any, no, little, few, many, much, numbers.
g. Some books are new and few are old.

She has met many strangers in the town.

Interrogative: (tính từ nghi vấn) which, what, whose.
g. Which hat is your, the red or the blue one?

What kind of films do you like to watch?

Possessive: (tính từ sở hữu) my, your, his, her, our, its, their

e.g. Your car needs cleaning.

He apologized to her for having hurt her feelings.

Quality: (tính từ chỉ phẩm chất) clever, dry, fat, golden, heavy,…
g. He was very clever at making decision.

The winners will be presented with golden medals.

1. Derived adjectives: Tính từ phái sinh là những tính từ được phái sinh từ các từ gốc khác để đảm nhận chức năng của tính từ. cụ thể như sau:

Present participles: Một số động từ như amaze, amuse, bore, embarrass, excite, exhaust, frighten, interest, surprise, tire, có thể thêm hậu tố ING để tạo thành các tính từ chỉ đặc điểm, tính chất của sự vật, hiện tượng như: amazing, amusing, boring, embarrassing, exciting, exhausting, frightening, interesting, surprising, tiring, etc. e.g. We found the film amazing.

They thought the long walk was tiring. A boring night didn’t appeal to him.

An interesting book interested me.

The exciting monkey snatched the boy’s ice-cream.

Past participles: Một số động từ như amaze, amuse, bore, embarrass, excite, exhaust, frighten, interest, surprise, tire, có thể thêm hậu tố ED để tạo thành các tính từ chỉ đặc điểm, tính chất của người như: amazed, amused, bored, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, frightened, interested, surprised, tired, etc.

e.g. We are nearly exhausted after so long a walk. They felt extremely tired after a day of hard work. She was embarrassed when she found herself naked. Susan became so excited when she heard the good news. The boy was frightened by the thrilling action in the movie

Others:
compound words used as adjectives:

e.g. Ha Noi is a one-thousand-year-old city.

An eighty-year-old lady showed me the way here.

This is a hard-to-put-down book.

Those are hard-to-pick-up-again ones.

* noun-ed used as adjectives:

e.g An one-eyed man told me to sit down.

The manned craft landed safely.

The unmanned one burst into flames after the crash.

That is the four-bedroomed flat.

Adverbs-past participles used as adjectives: e.g. He was a well-educated

They are properly-trained workers.

The poorly-prepared trip turned to be disastrous. They entered an ill-lighted room.

Functions (Position): chức năng hay vị trí

2. Noun-subordinator: Tính từ thực hiện chức năng làm bổ nghĩa cho danh từ, tính từ thường được đặt liền trước các danh từ để chỉ tính chất, đặc điểm của danh từ đó.

e.g. This is a new book.

She is really a kind-hearted lady. We live in a very large room.

Note: Khi có nhiều tính từ cùng bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ ta cần chú ý đến trật tự các tính từ như bảng dưới đây:

1.Opinion → 2. Size → 3. Age → 4. Shape → 5. Color → 6. Origin → 7. Material

e.g. My beautiful large new round brown Vietnamese conical leaf hat is over there.

Verb-complementation: Tính từ thực hiện chức năng làm bổ ngữ cho động từ, tính từ thường theo sau các động từ (linking verbs) như: be, become, seem, appear, feel, get, grow(become), keep, look (appear), make, smell, sound, taste, turn,… e.g. She is really beautiful.

They became more and more nervous. He seemed tired.

Mr. An felt a bit disappointed.

But some verbs can take either an adjective or an adverb: e.g. He looks calm. (=He himself is calm)

He looks calmly at the angry crowd. (= He shows no attitude to the angry crowd)

3. Comparison forms: cấp so sánh đối với các tính từ có thể được trình bày theo dạng dưới đây:

3.1. Positive degree: so sánh bằng của tính từ

Examples: She is as tall as my wife.a. Formula: S – V – as – adjs – as – O

Peter was as hard-working as I was.

Note: negative formula

not – as/so – adjs – as

e.g. Helen is not as strict as Jane.

He was not so intelligent as his fellows.

The house is not as comfortable as the previous one.

3.2. Comparative degree: Hình thức so sánh hơn của tính từ

Monosyllable-adjectives: Đối với tính từ đơn âm tiết hoặc tính từ đa âm tiết nhưng có tận cùng bằng “y”, “ow”, hoặc “er”:

		S – V – adjs -ER – than – O

e.g.	Lan is shorter than Na
	She was better at English than we were.
	She looked happier than her brother.

Multi-syllable-adjectives: Đối với tính từ đa âm tiết

S – V – more – adjs – than – O

e.g. She was more hard-working than us.

We are more intelligent than him.

Helen is more beautiful than she used to be.

3.3. Superlative degree: so sánh hơn nhất

Monosyllable-adjectives: Đối với tính từ đơn âm tiết hoặc tính từ đa âm tiết nhưng có tận cùng bằng “y”, “ow”, hoặc “er”:

S – V – the – adjs – EST

e.g.	Nam is the best in our class.
	She was the kindest lady I’ve ever met.
	Lam is the happiest in our group.
b. Multi-syllable- adjectives: Đối với tính từ đa âm tiết

		S – V – the – most – adjs

e.g.	Sarah was the most intelligent in my group.
	She is the most hard-working girl I’ve ever known.
	Water is one of the most important factors to life.

Notes: For adjectives ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases – Bảng các hình thức so sánh của các tính từ bất qui tắc:

	Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
1.	bad	worse	the worst
2.	clever	cleverer	the cleverest
3.	far	farther/ further	the farthest/ furthest
4.	good	better	the best
5.	happy	happier	the happiest
6.	little	less	the least
7.	many/ much	more	the most
8.	old	older/ elder	the oldest/ eldest
9.	pretty	prettier	the prettiest
10.	silly	sillier	the silliest

3.4. Double comparison: Hình thức so sánh kép gồm 4 mẫu câu sau:

S – V – adj-ER – and – adj-ER

e.g. She is becoming older and wiser.

S – V – adj-ER – and – more – adj

e.g. It was getting darker and more humid.

S – V – more – adj – and – adj-ER

e.g. He is more hard-working and smarter.

S – V – more – adj – and – more – adj

e.g. Linh is becoming more industrious and more intelligent.

3.5. Parallel comparison: hình thức so sánh thăng tiến gồm 4 mẫu câu sau:

The adj-ER – S – V, the adj-ER – S – V

e.g. The older she is. the wiser she becomes.

The adj-ER – S – V, the more adj – S – V

e.g. The darker it was, the more humid it seemed to be.

The more adj – S – V, the adj-ER – S – V

e.g. The more hard-working he is, the smarter he becomes.

The more adj – S – V, the more adj – S – V

e.g. The more industrious Linh is, the more intelligent he gets.

Confused words: Một số từ dễ bị nhầm lẫn về cách sử dụng.
like/ alike:

* like (adj) giống e.g. Tom is very like Bill.

* alike (adj) giống nhau e.g. Tom and Bill are alike.

like/ as:

* like (adv) giống e.g. He swims like a fish.

You look like a ghost.

* as (adv) như là e.g. Do as I told you.

He ate as he had been hungry for months

like + N/ as + N:

* like (adv) giống e.g. He worked like a slave.

(He worked very hard/ He wasn’t a slave).

* as (adv) là e.g. He worked as a slave.

(He was a slave in fact).

The adjectives: the –được đặt trước các tính từ để chỉ nhóm các sự vật hiện tượng có chung một tính chất.

e.g. The rich are not always happy.

The poor need support from the whole community.

The retarded find it hard to integrate.

The suspected are not allowed to travel abroad.

Adjectival clauses: Một số các mệnh đề tính ngữ cơ bản thường gặp
That – clause:

It be adj that – S – V

e.g.	It is disappointed that he failed the exam.
	It’s better that someone should tell him.
2. find/ think/ believe + that:
		S – V – that – it be adj to-inf


e.g.	I found that it is impossible to start now.
	She thought that it was silly to ask him to stay.
	We believe that it will be easier to get a seat in a university in the future.

Comment: Với các tính từ theo cấu trúc:

It be adj of O to – inf

Character: Các tính từ chỉ tính cách như: brave, careless, cowardly (nhút nhát), cruel, generous, good, nice (=kind), mean, rude, selfish…

e.g. It is brave of Maria to go out at night alone.

It is cowardly of him not to talk in public spaces.

It is generous of Mr. Pike to offer me a lift.

It is selfish to care for ourselves only.

Sense: Các tính từ chỉ phẩm chất như: clever, foolish, idiotic (ngu), intelligent, sensible (nhạy bén), silly, stupid,…

e.g. It is idiotic of Maria to go out at night alone.

It is clever of him not to talk in public spaces.

It is sensible of Mr. Pike to offer me a lift.

It is stupid to care for ourselves only.

Pronoun + be + adjs + noun + infinitives:

Using the above adjectives and – Hình thức này sử dụng các tính từ như phần trên, ngoài ra còn dung với các tính từ sau đây: astonishing, curious, ridiculous (lố bịch), unreasonable, funny(=strange), odd (lập dị), pointless, useful, useless,

e.g. That’s the amazing idea to show.

It was an unreasonable result to accept.

He was an odd person to talk to.

It will be a funny thing to do when we go fishing

It’s – adjs – to infinitives

Dùng với các tình từ sau: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important, necessary, unnecessary, vital (tất yếu),…

e.g. It’s advisable to put our money into the bank.

It’s best to stop discussing the matter now.

It’s important to know one’s limitation

It be – adjs – (for O) – to infinitives

Dùng với các tình từ sau: convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, possible, important, safe,…

e.g. It’s safe for us to put our money into the bank.

It’s difficult for them to stop discussing the matter now.

It’s important for everyone to know one’s limitation

S – be – adjs – to infinitives

Dùng với các tình từ sau: angry, delighted, dismayed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sorry, sad

e.g. They are angry to hear that their house was broken into.

He is delighted to know his entrance examination results.

I am glad to talk to you

S – be – glad/ happy/ sorry/ sad/… – to say/ tell/ infor

e.g. I am glad to tell you that you win the prize.

We are sorry to inform you that you lose the match.

Others adjs + to find/ learn/ hear/ see/…) Như: able, unable, apt, inclined, liable, prone, prepared, quick, reluctant, slow, ready, willing,

It – be – adj that S – V (không chia)/ should V

Được dùng với các tính từ sau: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important, necessary, unnecessary, vital, compulsory, suggested, etc. e.g. It’s advisable that he (should) be on-time.

It’s vital that one (should) have medical insurance.

It’s important that corporal punishments on children be banned. 10. Special cases: các cấu trúc đặc biệt

Due: (sắp xảy ra chỉ thời gian)

e.g. The race is due to start in 5 minutes.

Due to: a result of (vì, do bởi, chỉ một kết quả)

e.g. The accident was due to his carelessness.

Owing to: because of (bởi vì, do bởi, chỉ một nguyên nhân)

e.g. Owing to his carelessness, we had an accident.

Certain/ sure + to V= opinion (chắc là – chỉ một suy đoán)

e.g. He is sure to take legal action.

Certain/ sure that + (clause) = opinion (chắc là – chỉ một suy đoán)

e.g. I am certain that the price will be higher.

Certain/ sure/ confident of + N/G: (chỉ sự quyết tâm)

e.g. He was sure of entering the haunted house.

Bound + to V= obligation (Việc sắp sửa diễn ra)

e.g. We were bound to leave.

Afraid/ ashamed of + N/G: (sợ hay xấu hổ vì điều gì)

e.g. She was afraid of being left alone.

Sorry for/ about + N/G: (hối tiếc về điều gì đó)

e.g. Tom felt sorry for making so many mistakes.

Afraid/ ashamed/ sorry + to V: (sợ, xấu hổ, tiếc vì phải..) e.g. I’m sorry to tell you that bad news.
Anxious about = worried (lo lắng vì điều gì)

e.g. He was anxious about going in the dark alone.

Anxious for O to V = wish (muốn làm gì)

e.g. He was anxious for you to go in the dark alone.

Anxious that + (clause)

e.g. We are anxious that we couldn’t come.

Fortunate/ lucky that + (clause) = It’s a good thing… e.g. It was lucky that we weren’t late.
S + be fortunate/ lucky to V

e.g. She was lucky to have such an interesting book.

Possible/ probable/ likely + future = perhaps

e.g. It’s possible that man will live longer.

Aware/ conscious of N/G

e.g. We should be aware of protecting our nature.

Aware/ conscious + that + (clause)

e.g. She was conscious that she would be late.

V. Suffixes: Cách kiến tạo ra tính từ qua các hậu tố.

suffixes

words

able

portable

agreeable

eatable

parental

musical

moral

tired

bored

excited

woolen

golden

wooden

ful

careful

useful

helpful

ial

essential

trial

social

ible

visible

legible

edible

politic

romantic

historic

ing

tiring

boring

exciting

10.

ish

reddish

whitish

blackish

11.

ive

active

effective

native

12.

less

careless

useless

helpless

13.

lovely

lively

friendly

14.

ous

industrious

enormous

dangerous

15.

some

troublesome

worrisome

16.

wealthy

healthy

rainy

others:

Nationality

American

German

Venezuelan

ese

Chinese

Sudanese

Vietnamese

Iraqi

Israeli

Yemeni

ian

Australian

Brazilian

Italian

ish

English

Danish

Turkish

other

Czech

Dutch

French

Greek

Swiss

Thai

PHẦN B: VÍ DỤ

Exercise 1: Give ONE of the derived adjectives of the given words.
	roots	adjectives		roots	adjectives
1.	accident	…………………	16.	mean	…………………
2.	industry	…………………	17.	home	…………………
3.	inform	…………………	18.	poison	…………………
4.	history	…………………	19.	danger	…………………
5.	politics	…………………	20.	value	…………………
6.	parent	…………………	21.	understand	…………………
7.	essence	…………………	22.	advice	…………………
8.	confide	…………………	23.	eat	…………………
9.	act	…………………	24.	tire	…………………
10.	affect	…………………	25.	bore	…………………
11.	destroy	…………………	26.	excite	…………………
12.	defend	…………………	27.	avoid	…………………
13.	produce	…………………	28.	benefit	…………………
14.	compete	…………………	29.	success	…………………
15.	thank	…………………	30.	chaos	…………………

Exercise 2: Give ONE of the derived adjectives of the given words to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1.	The book doesn’t say much about prices, but it is very__________ about everything else.	INFORM
2.	He lost in the election because he was a weak and____________ leader.	DECIDE
3.	I couldn’t help it. The accident was_____________.	AVOID
4.	He was very______________ when his cat was run over.	SET
5.	Keith’s exam results turned out to be____________.	DISASTER
6.	I think it’s sheer___________ to get married in church if you don’t believe in God.	HYPOCRITE
7.	These countries are___________ in imports of raw cotton.	PREFER
8.	Sam was accused of stealing some___________ documents.	CONFIDE
9.	You do not have to go. Your decision must be entirely___________.	VOLUNTEER
10.	Going swimming everyday would have very____________ effects.	BENEFIT
11.	He felt___________ certain about his success.	TOLERATE
12.	Do you feel____________ to the new job?	ATTRACT
13.	He works for UNESCO in a purely___________ role.	ADVICE
14.	Watching television can be very___________.	EDUCATE
15.	Those countries are___________ on other countries for most of their food.	DEPEND
16.	She is extremely_____________ about the history of art.	KNOW
17.	Traveling in big cities is becoming more and more__________ every day.	TROUBLE
18.	The trouble with Mr. Brown is that he’s so_____________. One minute he goes mad when you come late; the next he says nothing. You never know where you are!	CONSIST
19.	I didn’t know who it was – with a mask on she was completely .................	RECONGNISE
20.	The surgeon tried their best to save his life, but unfortunately the operation was___________.	SUCCESS

Exercise 3: Give ONE of the derived adjectives of the given words to finish each of the

1.	He was very_____________ of the work he had done.	PRIDE
2.	Are there any____________ rivers left in the world?	POLLUTE
3.	After the explosion, only two people were left___________.	LIVE
4.	Those____________ group has never lost its appeal.	THEATRE
5.	Dolphins, ___________ species, sometimes jump above the surface of the water.	MAMMAL
6.	He’s the most___________ , ill-mannered person I’ve ever met.	PLEASE
7.	The situation is so___________ in some countries now that it is difficult to see any solution.	CHAOS
8.	Computers are now considered___________ in the business world.	DISPENSE
9.	The damage caused by the terrible storm two days ago was____________ by the government. The real figures go up every minute.	ESTIMATE
10.	Barack Obama is the first President of the United States with____________ background.	RACE
11.	The students are already____________ with the work of Shakespeare.	ACQUAINT
12.	She’s so____________ that she won’t let anything stand in the way of her ambition.	MIND
13.	That was a very____________ thing to say.	HURT
14.	It’s____________ of him to lose his temper like that – he’s usually very calm.	CHARACTER
15.	Different conservation efforts have been made in order to save______________ species.	DANGER
16.	Her son is always mischievous and_______________, which annoys her very much.	OBEY
17.	You can never be sure what my sister is going to do. She is so____________.	PREDICT
18.	We found it______________ to your wonderful news.	THRILL
19.	There was a___________ dissatisfaction with the government’s policies.	WIDE
20.	I was kept_______________ last night by the noise from a party in the flat above.	WAKE

PHẦN C: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. I was most___________ of his efforts to help me during the crisis.

A.appreciation B. appreciable C. appreciate D. appreciative

2.The International Committee of the Red Cross is a private___________ institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland.

A.human B. humanity C. humanization D. humanitarian

3. Peter isn’t keen on exercise, but he isn’t___________ to the occasional walk.

A.averse B. unwilling C. reluctant D. contrary

4.___________ players are not allowed to interfere with the opponent’s movements unless the player is holding the ball.

A.Defense B. Defensive C. Defender D. Defensively

5. Richard is__________ to give up immediately when faced with any problems.

A.habitual B. subject C. susceptible D. apt

6. I wanted to go a more____________ route across Montana.

A.north B. northerly C. northerner D. northernmost

7. She is a slow student. She seems to be unable to concentrate on anything in___________.

A.particular B. particularly C. particularity D. particularize

8. This development project could be of great help to the___________ Vietnamese population.

A.major B. living C. rural D. domestic

9. There’s a lot more to Willie than one would think: still waters run___________.

A.deep B. deeply C. deepness D. depth

10.Many teenagers are not much___________ in reading books, except for what they are made to read at school.

A.excited B. important C. slow D. interested

11. The copy machine was reduced to even __________ the sale price.

A.least as B. as much as C. more than D. less than

12. It is___________ to fail a job interview, but try again.

A.disappoint B. disappointing C. disappointedly D. disappointment

13. Most crimes that are committed are no more than__________ theft.

A.slight B. small C. unimportant D. petty

14.Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of___________ courses in the university.

A.compulsory B. optional C. required D. limited

15. She is extremely competent and__________.

A.industrial B. industrious C. industry D. industrialized

16. Mr. Hudson provided us with an___________ guide to the full-time and part-time programs on offer to a range of candidates drawn from schools and colleges.

A.inform B. informative C. informed D. information

17. I’m very lazy. I only go to the gym once in a__________ moon.

A.black B. blue C. full D. new

18. All payments to the organization are___________ and are received as donations.

A.volunteer B. voluntary C. voluntarily D. voluntariness

19. His eyes were light blue and__________ in their innocence.

A.childless B. childish C. childlike D. childhood

20. A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants___________degrees at all levels in a variety of subjects.

A.secondary B. optional C. academic D. vocational

Exercise 31: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. That meat is__________ for human consumption.

A.unfit B. inadequate C. uncompetent D. different

2. A(n)___________ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.

A.dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment

3. I am________ to come to the meeting on Monday evening, please apologize for my absence.

A.unable B. impossible C. incapable D. unlikely

4. In the South, ___________ development concentrated on rice cultivation, and nationally, rice and rubber were the main items of export.

A.industrial B. agricultural C. mining D. textile

5. The more he tried to explain, __________ we got.

A.the much confused B. the many confusing

C.the more confusing D. the more confused

6. In former days, after the battles soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field without an ___________ attendance and basic care.

A.medicine B. medical C. medication D. medically

7. The new policies include cutting___________ subsidies and trade barriers.

A.agriculture B. agricultural C. agriculturalist D. agriculturally

8. The music aroused an___________ feeling of homesickness in him.

A.intentional B. intense C. intended D. intensive

9. According to the boss, John is the most___________ for the position of executive secretary.

A.supportive B. caring C. suitable D. comfortable

10. He was very respectful at home and___________ to his parents.

A.responsible B. caring C. obedient D. lovely

11. Jane is plain, but her sister is very____________.

A.complex B. attractive C. sympathetic D. sophisticated

12. London is home to people of many___________ cultures.

A.diverse B. diversity C. diversify D. diversification

13. Her job was so___________ that she decided to quit it.

A.interesting B. satisfactory C. stressful D. wonderful

14. Their flat is decorated in a__________ combination of color.

A.tasteful B. sweet C. delicious D. tasty

15. A specific area of biotechnology that shows great promise for treatment and cure of life-__________ diseases.

A.developing B. threatening C. hoping D. fitting

16. The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually____________ laws to enforce equal opportunities.

A.discriminate B. discrimination C. discriminatory D. discriminated

17. This ring is made of plastic so it is quite____________.

A.valuable B. invaluable C. worthless D. priceless

18. The more___________ and positive you look, the better you will feel.

A.confide B. confident C. confidently D. confidence

19. He was offered the job thanks to his___________ performance during his job interview.

A.impress B. impression C. impressive D. impressively

20. The doctor gave the patient a(n)___________ examination to discover the cause of his collapse.

A.thorough B. exact C. universal D. whole

Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. Many young men prefer scuba-diving because it is___________.

A. adventure B. adventurous C. adventurously D. adventurist

2. The AIDS___________ continues to spread around the world. Up to 4,000 people are infected with the HIV virus every single day.

A.treatment B. epidemic C. tsunami D. damage

3. When a fire broke out in the Louvre, at least twenty___________ paintings were destroyed, including two by Picasso.

A.worthless B. priceless C. valueless D. worthy

4. His brother refuses to even listen to anyone else’s point of view. He is very___________.

A.open-minded B. kind-hearted C. narrow-minded D. absent-minded

5. Someone who is___________ thinks that bad things are going to happen.

A.optimistic B. pessimistic C. threatened D. hopeful

6. The bride looked___________ on her wedding than she does as usual.

A.nicer and more attractive B. more nicer and more attractive

C.more nicer and more attractive D. more attractive and nicer

7. As__________ as I know, we have not received a bill for the new computer.

A.much B. long C. soon D. far

8. The project was rejected because of__________ funds.

A.unavailable B. inconsiderable C. incomplete D. insufficient

9. She is __________ to leave as soon as possible.

A.cautious B. anxious C. worried D. nervous

10. The success of the sport event had a great contribution of many___________ volunteers.

A.support B. supporter C. supportive D. supportively

11. The___________ challenge of economic, reform was to solve the problems of motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus.

A.initial B. initiate C. initiative D. initiation

12. Because of__________ weather conditions, California has an advantage in the production of fruits and vegetables.

A. favour B. favourably C. favourite D. favourable

13. Women always feel moved when they find somebody who understands them__________they know themselves.

A.better as B. more better than

C.better than D. as better than

14. They started, as___________ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years.

A. informal B. informally C. informalize D. informality

15. I am so___________ that I cannot say anything, but keep silent.

A.nerve B. nervous C. nervously D. nervousness

16. After a___________ hesitation, she began to speak with such a convincing voice.

A.rude B. slight C. small D. impolite

17. He is one of the most___________ bosses I have ever worked with. He behaves rudely to not only me but also others in the staff.

A.thoughtful B. impolite C. attentive D. communicative

18. Those specialists are trying to find ways of making more________ use of agricultural land.

A.produce B. production C. productive D. productivity

19. Although they are poor and hard, they are____________ to their children’s success.

A.content B. proud C. satisfied D. boastful

20. In the future, the number of tiny but___________ computers you encounter every day will number in the thousands, perhaps millions.

A.power B. powerful C. powerfully D. powered

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. It is___________ not to say “Thank you” when you are given something.

A.small B. rude C. slight D. formal

2. In England, primary education is provided by state schools run by the government and by___________ fee-paying schools.

A.independent B. independently C. depended D. independence

3. My computer is not_____________ of running this software.

A.able B. compatible C. capable D. suitable

4. To Vietnamese students, the___________ examination to university is very difficult.

A.require B. requirement C. requiring D. required

5. Despite many recent___________ advances, there are parts where schools are not equipped with computers.

A.technology B. technological C. technologically D. technologist

6. He’s a very____________ person because he can make other workers follow his advice.

A.creative B. influential C. deciding D. effective

7. Many people have objected to the use of animals in___________ experiments.

A.science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically

8. Many____________ crafts such as weaving are now being revived.

A.habitual B. traditional C. customary D. ordinary

9. After he had returned from the desert, he was confined to bed by a____________ disease.

A.mystery B. mysterious C. mysteriously D. mysteriousness

10. James should have stayed out of the sun as his skin is so____________.

A.sensible B. sensitive C. insensible D. senseless

11. Have you any objections______________ this new road scheme?

A.with B. for C. at D. to

12. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than___________ rates found in the fossil record.

A.nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturalness

13. “Don’t worry. I have____________ tire at the back of my car.”

A.other B. others C. the other D. another

14. Not many people find reading more ____________ than watching TV.

A.interest B. interested C. interesting D. interestingly

15. His house is nothing out of the___________; it’s just an average five-room house.

A. normal B. usual C. ordinary D. typical

16. To become a novelist, you need to be____________.

A.imagine B. imagination C. imaginative D. imaginarily

17. Is he really____________ to judge a brass band contest?

A.efficient B. skillful C. capable D. competent

18. A____________ problem, feeling, or belief is difficult to change because its causes have been there for a long time.

A.deep-seated B. significant C. dependent D. intellectual

19. I think giving a presentation in front of the class is____________.

A.slow B. stupid C. famous D. scary

20. Someone who is___________ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular.

A.powerful B. optimistic C. stagnant D. pessimistic

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. The traffic in town was very____________ and I arrived home earlier than expected.

A.light B. weak C. little D. few

2. Western women are more ____________ than Asian women.

A.depend B. dependent C. independent D. independently

3. Although David was___________ after a day’s work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores.

A.exhaustion B. exhausted C. exhausting D. exhaustive

4. Are you sure that boys are more___________ than girls?

A.act B. active C. action D. activity

5. The lake contained ______________________ thousands of fish.

A.much B. one C. many D. few

6. What are the____________ of that country? – I think it is some kinds of cheese and sauces.

A.drinks B. beverages C. grains D. special dishes

7. The witness’s account was not____________ with the facts.

A.matched B. reliable C. consistent D. confirmed

8. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were___________ of teachers.

A.support B. supportive C. supporter D. supporting

9. Dogs make very____________ pets. They’ll always stay by your side.

A.mental B. private C. loyal D. digital

10. He was _______ when I had those problems and said whatever I did he would stand by me.

A.supportive B. exciting C. busy D. dull

11. As I was____ of the change in the program, I arrived half an hour late for the rehearsal.

A.unaware B. unconscious C. unable D. unreasonable

12. Many young people have objected to___________ marriage, which is decided by the parents of the bride and groom.

A.agreed B. shared C. contractual D. sacrificed

13. The government should do more for_______________ people.

A.usual B. ordinary C. everyday D. typical

14. You are not___________ to say anything unless you wish to do so.

A.obliged B. willing C. equal D. attracted

15. They had a________ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.

A. romance B. romantic C. romantically D. romanticize

16. People can become very______________ when they are stuck in traffic for a long time.

A. nervous B. bad-tempered C. stressful D. pressed

17. Sometimes it is_____________ to find suitable books for our children.

A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficultly D. difficulties

18. They decided to divorce and Mary is____________ to get the right to raise the child.

A. equal B. determined C. obliged D. active

19. Helen is_______________ seafood, so she never tries these delicious dishes.

A. allergic to B. tired of C. keen on D. preferable to

20. Body language is a potent form of_____________ communication.

A. verbal B. non-verbal C. tongue D. oral

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1: Give ONE of the derived adjectives of the given words.

STT	Root	Adjective	STT	Root	Adjective
1.	accident	accidental	16.	mean	meaningful
2.	industry	industrial	17.	home	homeless
3.	inform	informative	18.	poison	poisonous
4.	history	historical	19.	danger	dangerous
5.	politics	political	20.	value	valuable
6.	parent	parental	21.	understand	understandable
7.	essence	essential	22.	advice	advisable
8.	confide	confidential	23.	eat	eatable
9.	act	active	24.	tire	tired
10.	affect	affective	25.	bore	bored
11.	destroy	destructive	26.	excite	excited
12.	defend	defensive	27.	avoid	avoidable
13.	produce	productive	28.	benefit	beneficial
14.	compete	competitive	29.	success	successful
15.	thank	thankful	30.	chaos	chaotic

Exercise 2: Give ONE of the derived adjectives of the given words to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1.		INFORMATIVE		11.	TOLERANT
2.		DECISIVE		12.	ATTRACTIVE
3.		AVOIDABLE		13.	ADVISABLE
4.		UPSET		14.	EDUCATIVE
5.		DISASTROUS		15.	DEPENDENT
6.		HYPOCRITICAL		16.	KNOWLEDGEABLE
7.		PREFERENTIAL		17.	TROUBLE
8.		CONFIDENTIAL		18.	INCONSISTENT
	9.		VOLUNTARY	19.		UNRECONGNISABLE
	10.		BENEFICIAL	20.		UNSUCCESSFUL

Exercise 3: Give ONE of the derived adjectives of the given words to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1.	PROUD	11.	ACQUAINTED
2.	UNPOLLUTED	12.	SINGLE-MINDED
3.	ALIVE	13.	HURTFUL
4.	THEATRICAL	14.	UNCHARACTERISTIC
5.	MAMMALIAN	15.	DANGERED
6.	UNPLEASANT	16.	OBEDIENT
7.	CHAOTIC	17.	UNPREDICTABLE
8.	INDISPENSABLE	18.	THRILLING
9.	UNDERESTIMATED	19.	WIDESPREAD
10.	RACIAL	20.	AWAKE

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	D	be appreciative of – biết ơn
2.	D	humanitarian (adj) nhân đạo
3.	A	averse to = ghét, chống lại
4.	B	Defensive player = hậu vệ
5.	D	apt to V = có xu hướng
6.	B	northerly (adj) về phía bắc
7.	A	in particular = nói riêng
8.	C	rural = vùng nông thôn
9.	A	water runs deep = thành ngữ
10.	D	be interested in V-ing: cấu trúc

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
11.	D	less than: so sánh về giá cả
12.	B	it be adj (for O) to V
13.	D	petty theft = trộm vặt
14.	B	optional = tự chọn
15.	B	industrious (adj) cần mẫn
16.	B	informative (adj) đủ thông tin
17.	B	once in a blue moon: cấu trúc
18.	B	voluntary (adj) tình nguyện
19.	C	childlike (adj) tính trẻ con
20.	C	academic degree: học vị, bằng

Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1.	A	be (un)fit for : cấu trúc cố định
2.	C	endangered species: collocation
3.	A	be (un)able to V: cấu trúc
4.	B	agricultural: chỉ đặc trưng vùng
5.	D	so sánh thăng tiến: the…., the…
6.	B	medical (adj) thuộc y tế, y học
7.	B	agricultural subsidies
8.	B	intense feeling : cảm giác mạnh
9.	C	be suitable for: phù hợp
10.	C	obedient (adj) ngoan, biết nghe

11.	B	attractive >< plain
12.	A	diverse cultures: văn hóa khác
13.	C	stressful (adj) căng thẳng
14.	A	tasteful (adj) có khiếu
15.	A	life-developing diseases
16.	C	discriminatory: tính kì thị
17.	C	worthless: không giá trị
18.	B	look confident (link verb)
19.	C	impressive (adj) gây ấn tượng
20.	A	a thorough examination

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	B	adventurous (adj) phiêu lưu
2.	B	epidemic: bệnh dịch
3.	B	priceless: vô giá, rất giá trị
4.	C	narrow-minded: hẹp hòi
5.	B	pessimistic: bi quan
6.	A	nicer and more attractive
7.	D	cụm cố định “as far as I know”
8.	D	insufficient: không đủ, thiếu
9.	B	anxious: lo lắng
10.	C	supportive: ủng hộ, tương trợ

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
11.	A	initial: tiên quyết, hàng đầu
12.	D	favourable: tốt, thuận lợi
13.	C	better than: so sánh
14.	A	informal gatherings
15.	B	S be adj that – clause
16.	B	slight hesitation: lưỡng lự
17.	B	impolite: bất nhã
18.	C	productive use: tận dụng
19.	A	content to: hài lòng
20.	B	powerful: mạnh mẽ

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	B	rude: thô lỗ khi không cảm ơn
2.	A	independent: tự do, tư thục
3.	C	be capable of : có năng lực
4.	D	required examination: thi tuyển
5.	B	technological advances
6.	B	influential person: ảnh hưởng
7.	C	scientific experiments: cụm từ
8.	B	traditional crafts: nghề thủ công
9.	B	mysterious disease: bệnh lạ
10.	B	sensitive: nhạy cảm
11.	D	objection to: phản đối
12.	B	natural rates: tỉ lệ tự nhiên
13.	D	another: một cái khác
14.	C	interesting: so sánh tính từ
15.	C	out of ordinary: bất thường
16.	C	imaginative: óc tưởng tượng
17.	D	competent to V: đủ khả năng
18.	A	deep-seated: ăn sâu, bám rễ
19.	D	scary: sợ hãi, nhút nhát
20.	B	optimistic: lạc quan

Exercise 8: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	A	light: vắng, thưa; heavy: đông
2.	C	independent: tự do
3.	B	exhausted = very tired
4.	B	active: năng động, hiếu động
5.	C	many thousands of: cụm từ
6.	D	special dishes: đặc sản
7.	C	consistent with: phù hợp
8.	B	supportive of: ủng hộ
9.	C	loyal: trung thành
10.	A	supportive: ủng hộ, tương trợ

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
11.	A	be (un)aware of: cấu trúc
12.	C	contractual: dàn xếp
13.	B	ordinary people: dân thường
14.	A	be obliged to V: bổn phận phải
15.	B	romantic: lãng mạn
16.	B	bad-tempered: mất bình tĩnh
17.	A	it be difficult to V: khó để
18.	B	determined: quyết tâm
19.	A	allergic to: dị ứng
20.	B	non-verbal: vô ngôn, không lời

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